Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of a single injection of ethanol (95%) directly into the vas deferens on testicular function were investigated in rats. Injection caused the formation of a block in the lumen of the vas, and sterility was confirmed by the mating exposure test. Sperm granulomas were observed at the site of injection. Treatment caused testicular atrophy, necrosis and exfoliation of the seminiferous elements, a decrease in testicular weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, RNA, and sialic acid, and an increase in testicular cholesterol, total lipids, and alkaline phosphatase activity. No changes in the protein contents of the testis, epididymides, and seminal vesicles were observed. The results suggest an inhibition of androgen production by ethanol injection directly into the vas deferens.
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PMID:Effects of a single ethanol injection into the vas deferens on the testicular function of rats. 124 2

To reduce parathyroid hormone concentrations in uraemic patients refractory or hyporesponsive to calcium supplements and active metabolites of vitamin D, we developed in 1982 a new parathyroid ablative technique consisting of percutaneous fine-needle ethanol injection (PFNEI) into enlarged parathyroid glands under ultrasonic guidance. Fifty uraemic patients have been treated. Decreases in carboxy terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) were 50% or more in 13 of 50 patients followed up (26%) at 1 month, in 13 of 48 (27%) at 6 months, and in 9 of 25 (36%) at 12 months. Decreases of 30% or more in PTH were obtained in 21 of 50 (42%), in 25 of 48 (52%), and in 15 of 25 (60%). In 'responsive' patients, serum total alkaline phosphatase was significantly reduced [from 579 +/- 645 U/l to 360 +/- 354 U/l (P less than 0.01) at 6 months, and to 273 +/- 311 U/l (P less than 0.01) at 12 months] and bone isoenzyme decreased similarly [from 482 +/- 608 U/l to 256 +/- 344 U/l (P less than 0.005), and to 225 +/- 354 U/l (P less than 0.01)]. The best results were in seven patients who had relapsed after subtotal parathyroidectomy. Declines in PTH of 30% or more were observed in four of seven patients at 1 month, in six of the seven (85%) at 6 months, and in all four patients seen after 12 months. The treatment corrected hypercalcaemia, making it possible to start or to increase daily vitamin D treatment. Side-effects were mild, rare, and transient.
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PMID:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine-needle ethanol injection into parathyroid glands in secondary hyperparathyroidism. 132 77

Ethanol feeding to rats for 40 days enhanced (p < 0.001) the activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GTP), and p-nitrophenyl (PNP)-beta-D-galactosidase (p < 0.05) with no change in leucine amino peptidase (LAP) and PNP-beta-D-glucosidase activities in intestine compared with control rats. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, and GTP were diminished (p < 0.01) in ethanol-fed malnourished rats. There was no change in LAP activity, but the levels of glucosidase and galactosidase were elevated under these conditions. Brush-border sialic acid, fucose, hexose, and hexosamine contents were elevated in ethanol-fed protein-deficient animals. Ethanol administration to normally fed rats elevated the membrane sialic acid and hexose contents, reduced fucose content, and had no effect on brush-border hexosamine content compared with the control group. These results are in agreement with data on lectin binding to brush borders under these conditions. Alcohol ingestion reduced the incorporation of [14C]-glucosamine into brush borders in rats maintained on an 18% protein diet but augmented the incorporation of [14C]-glucosamine and [14C]-mannose in protein-malnourished membranes. These observations suggest that nutrition status influences the sensitivity of microvillus membrane glycosylation to ethanol feeding in rat intestine.
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PMID:Chronic ethanol feeding and microvillus membrane glycosylation in normal and protein-malnourished rat intestine. 142 85

Zymomonas mobilis phoA gene encoding alkaline phosphatase was expressed in Escherichia coli CC118 carrying the recombinant plasmid pZAP1. The pH optimum for this enzyme was 9.0 and showed a peak activity at 42 degrees C. This enzyme required Zn2+ for its catalytic activity; however, Mg2+ or Ca2+ significantly affected the activity. This enzyme was found to be ethanolabile, and ethanol inhibition was reversed by addition of Zn2+. Kinetics of Z. mobilis alkaline phosphatase production in E. coli CC118 (pZAP1) showed that the enzyme activity was growth associated and localized in the cellular fraction, and the maximum activity was found in the stationary phase.
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PMID:Characterization of Zymomonas mobilis alkaline phosphatase activity in Escherichia coli. 136 89

We describe a less than one-hour manual method for immunocytochemical analyses of B5 or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The method employs capillary action to sequentially apply, incubate and remove liquid reagents from apposed pairs of up to 20 glass microscope slides and allows for simultaneous immunocytochemical analyses of as many as 10 different antigens. The method described here uses a) positively charged glass slides to rapidly immobilize tissue sections; b) rapid deparaffinization techniques; c) multipurpose reagents; d) ethanol-enriched buffer washes to improve capillary action and reduce nonspecific background; e) a single broad spectrum streptavidin-peroxidase or streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase detection system that identifies most primary monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies; and f) specific immunocytochemical signal amplification by cyclic chromogen enhancement.
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PMID:Complete one-hour immunocytochemistry based on capillary action. 138 76

The detection of a nuclear anti-neutrophil antibody in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), using an immunoperoxidase technique, was recently reported by us. Subsequently, detection of a cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil antibody was reported by others, using a two stage procedure of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay followed by an immunofluorescent method. Detection of cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil antibody in PSC, which, in contrast to that two stage procedure, uses a simple one step immuno-alkaline phosphatase method is now reported. Normal human neutrophils were cytocentrifuged, ethanol fixed, and then incubated with coded patients' sera. Rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin conjugated with alkaline phosphatase was used to detect the bound antibody. Fast red was used to visualise the reaction. Twenty three of 30 (77%) PSC patients showed positive granular cytoplasmic staining (with some perinuclear accentuation) with a network of cytoplasmic filaments. Fifteen of 45 (33%) ulcerative colitis patients and 1 of 3 chronic active hepatitis patients showed similar staining. Thirty five of 152 patients with ulcerative colitis, chronic active hepatitis, and a variety of other liver diseases showed a different pattern of cytoplasmic labelling, with no surrounding filaments. Seventy nine patients, including seven PSC patients and 33 normal subjects, were negative. In comparison, 86% of PSC patients, 57% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 50% of normal subjects, and well over 60% of patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, alcoholic liver disease, and chronic active hepatitis were positive using the one step immunofluorescent method. This method is more specific for PSC than those described in recent reports and may be of diagnostic importance.
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PMID:Prevalence of anti-neutrophil antibody in primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis using an alkaline phosphatase technique. 144 62

An acidic glycoconjugate could be extracted from a delipidated residue fraction of [3H]galactose, [3H]mannose or [32P]orthophosphate metabolically labeled Entamoeba histolytica with water/ethanol/diethylether/pyridine/NH4OH (15:15:5:1:0.017). The radioactively labeled glycoconjugate comprised 50-55% of the total [3H]galactose label incorporated into macromolecules. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the radiolabeled glycoconjugate showed two diffuse smears centering around 110 kDa and 45 kDa. Similar profiles were observed for both [3H]galactose- and [32P]orthophosphate-labeled glycoconjugate. No such bands were visible in [35S]methionine-labeled material. The hydrophobic nature of this glycoconjugate was inferred from its chromatographic behavior on phenyl-Sepharose. The molecule was rendered hydrophilic after digestion with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. It was also sensitive to deamination by nitrous acid. Mild acid hydrolysis led to its fragmentation into smaller molecules as revealed by Sepharose 4B chromatography. Paper chromatographic analysis of the depolymerized [3H]galactose- and [3H]mannose-labeled fragments revealed that each was sensitive to alkaline phosphatase. The major dephosphorylated fragment migrated as an apparent galactose and mannose containing disaccharide which migrated identically to the Gal beta 1-4Man disaccharide derived from the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania donovani. The above data support the existence of a major acidic glycoconjugate in E. histolytica bearing striking structural similarities to the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania.
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PMID:Identification and partial characterization of a lipophosphoglycan from a pathogenic strain of Entamoeba histolytica. 147 94

The influence of sodium chloride (NaCl), miso (Japanese soybean paste) and ethanol on development of intestinal metaplasia was examined. Five-week-old male CD(SD): Crj rats were treated with two 10 Gy doses of X-rays to the gastric region at a 3-day interval (total 20 Gy). After irradiation, the rats received supplementation with NaCl (1% or 10% in diet), miso (10% in diet) or ethanol (10% in drinking water) for 12 months. The number of alkaline phosphatase-positive foci of intestinal metaplasia in rats given 1% NaCl diet (Group 3) after X-rays was significantly elevated as compared to that in rats given X-rays alone (Group 1) (P < 0.01) or X-rays with 10% NaCl (Group 2) (P < 0.01). In the pyloric gland mucosae, the total numbers of metaplastic foci in rats of Group 3 were much higher than in Group 2, or after miso diet (Group 4) or ethanol supplementation (Group 5) (P < 0.01), but no difference was found between Group 2, 4 or 5 and Group 1. Atypical hyperplasia only appeared at incidences of less than 6% in Groups 1-3 and no promoting effect on gastric tumorigenesis was evident in Group 2. The present results thus showed that the occurrence of intestinal metaplasia induced by X-irradiation can be significantly increased by administration of 1% NaCl and decreased by 10% NaCl and ethanol, but this is not associated with any influence on gastric neoplasia.
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PMID:The effects of sodium chloride, miso or ethanol on development of intestinal metaplasia after X-irradiation of the rat glandular stomach. 148 41

To assess whether potential toxic interactions occur between ethanol and allyl alcohol or carbon tetrachloride following subacute, concurrent chemical exposure, male Fischer 344 rats, approximately 70 d of age, were given ethanol at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 ml/kg in corn oil daily by gavage for 14 d (ETOH group), or the same levels of ethanol with 21 mg allyl alcohol/kg (ALAC group), or the same levels of ethanol with 20 mg carbon tetrachloride/kg (CCL4 group). Hepatic response was assessed 24 h after the last dose. Interactions were evaluated by comparing the ETOH group with either the ALAC group or the CCL4 group using multivariate analysis of variance procedures. No statistically significant interaction was seen between the ETOH group and the ALAC group at the dosages used. Although an interaction between ethanol and carbon tetrachloride given simultaneously was not statistically significant, a small interactive effect on weight gain from d 0 to termination was apparent (p = .057). Exposure to ethanol alone resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in absolute and relative liver weight, with a threshold between 0.05 and 0.1 ml/kg. There was no histopathological evidence of hepatic damage with ethanol alone, and no effect on hepatic cytochrome P-450 and glutathione levels or on serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK). Exposure to allyl alcohol alone resulted in significant increases in absolute and relative liver weights, liver glutathione, and periportal hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration. Exposure to carbon tetrachloride alone resulted in significant increases in absolute and relative liver weight, serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALK, and centrilobular hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration and necrosis. These observations indicate that subacute, concurrent exposure of ethanol with carbon tetrachloride or allyl alcohol at ethanol levels comparable to those reported in gavage vehicles did not result in interactive toxicity.
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PMID:Hepatotoxic interactions of ethanol with allyl alcohol or carbon tetrachloride in rats. 152 9

Simultaneous multiple automated analyses of liver function can be performed quickly and cheaply, but their usefulness in mass screening is questionable. Reference intervals are frequently applied without regard to race and sex, despite the fact that reported values may vary considerably in relation to these factors. Serum analyte results for greater than 5000 black and white men and women in the CARDIA Study showed clinically and statistically significant differences by race and sex for values of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin; these differences were not explained by differences in age, body mass, reported ethanol intake, smoking, or oral contraceptive use. Results for at least one of these six tests were out of range in 38% of the men and 19% of the women. Sex- and race-specific reference intervals are recommended to decrease the frequency of values reported as abnormal in otherwise healthy young adults.
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PMID:Sex- and race-related differences in liver-associated serum chemistry tests in young adults in the CARDIA study. 152 25


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