Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 90 patients with known extra-hepatic malignancy the liver was examined for metastases. The diagnostic value of clinical information, blood examinations, 99mTc scintiscan, and laparoscopy for the diagnosis of the liver metastases was evaluated. Clinical data (age, sex, time since onset of symptoms and localisation of primary tumor) are of no diagnostic value. The most reliable blood tests are alkaline phosphatase (AP) and GOT. The probability of liver metastastases rises with increasingly abnormal values of AP and GOT. However, the probability is not much greater in cases with highly abnormal values than in cases with only moderate elevation of AP and GOT. Diagnostic accuracy of AP is optimal by using a cutoff point of 76 U/l (sensitivity 79%, specificity 64%). Bilirubin, prothrombin time, haemoglobin and blood sedimentation rate are of very little value. Combinations of AP with these blood tests does not improve diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, it is not useful to determine more blood tests than AP alone. Informed reading of liver scans has a specificity of 75% and a sensitivity of 91%. Blind reading of scans has a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 95%. This diagnostic accuracy cannot be improved by additional blood tests. Laparscopy has a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 95%. Scanning and laparoscopy are complementary methods. When optimal diagnostic accuracy is required both methods should be used.
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PMID:[Liver metastases: diagnostic value of blood tests, scintiscanning, and laparoscopy (author's transl)]. 13 43

Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), alanine aminotransferase (AlT), aspartate aminotransferase (AsT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were assayed in 67 alcoholics and 40 drug dependent patients. Bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and globulin were also measured. GGTP elevation was observed in 48% of alcoholics and in 50% of drug dependents. The incidences of elevated levels of other enzymes were: ICD 39 and 38-7%; OCT 23-7 and 36-1%; AlT 30 and 33%; AsT 24-2 and 21-7%; ALP 10-4 and 5% respectively. Measurement of GGTP is thus more useful as a screening test for involvement of the liver in alcoholics and drug dependent patients than that of the other enzymes.
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PMID:Serum enzyme levels in alcoholism and drug dependency. 23 23

In serial studies of hepatic function in rats after 70% partial hepatectomy, quantitative changes were found in several of the serum components used clinically to assess liver status. The activities of the following enzymes were found to increase: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and lactic dehydrogenase were maximal 6 h postoperatively, while glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase reached peak values at 24 and 48 h respectively. Albumin levels were found to be relatively constant during the study; however, total protein concentration was lowest 6--12 h postoperatively, paralleling a decrease in globulin concentration. Bilirubin levels were elevated to 4x normal within 12 h after surgery. After partial hepatectomy calcium and phosphorus concentrations were significantly decreased at 24 and 12 h respectively. With the exception of alkaline phosphatase, the activities of all serum components measured returned to normal levels by 1 week after surgery; the alkaline phosphatase concentration continued to be elevated 2 weeks postoperatively.
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PMID:The evaluation of liver function after partial hepatectomy in the rat: serum changes. 51 14

A patient with cavernous transformation of the portal vein and a suspected hepatic mass lesion underwent an ultrasound-guided aspiration of the liver with a skinny needle. Two days later he became acutely ill. Bilirubin level peaked at 1375 mumol/L (80.4 mg/dL), and alkaline phosphatase level was 2290 IU/mL. There was no evidence of biliary obstruction. A biliary-vascular fistula was diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, and nasobiliary drainage was placed, leading to resolution of the symptoms and jaundice. A pressure gradient between the biliary tree and a venous collateral probably led to flow of bile into a blood vessel. Nasobiliary drainage should be considered as a potential therapy for acute biliary-vascular fistula.
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PMID:Acute biliary-vascular fistula following needle aspiration of the liver. 195 38

We describe the clinical features, liver histology, and ultrastructure in reversible diclofenac-induced hepatitis and review previous reports of this entity. Although rarely reported, diclofenac hepatitis may be severe, and even fatal. Symptoms, which develop from 1 week to 11 months after starting the drug, include jaundice, pruritus, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and rash. Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase are mildly elevated, transaminases often markedly so. The nature of the idiosyncratic injury appears variable, some cases having features of a hypersensitivity reaction, most being more suggestive of a toxic metabolic effect. Light microscopy shows a nonspecific hepatitis with portal and lobular activity, and focal hepatocellular injury that may progress to zonal or massive necrosis. The ultrastructural features in our case are typical of drug or toxin injury. This may be of value in distinguishing this entity from other forms of hepatitis, which is important in view of the frequent reversibility of this potentially lethal form of injury.
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PMID:Reversible hepatitis associated with diclofenac. 203 30

In order to assess the metabolic value of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) in severely stressed intensive care unit patients, two fat emulsions containing either long-chain triglycerides (LCT), or a mixture of 50% MCT and 50% LCT were compared in 24 head trauma patients over a 10 day period. Variations of serum triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid, glycerol and phospholipid concentrations remained comparable after both lipid infusions. Bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and transaminase plasma levels were altered in both groups without any significant differences or clinical consequences. Cumulative nitrogen balance remained negative (-10 g N. day-1 i.e. -100 g N. 10 days-1) and comparable in both groups. However, thyroxin-binding prealbumin concentrations increased significantly in patients receiving the MCT/LCT mixture. It is concluded that MCT might have a beneficial effect on visceral protein metabolism after trauma.
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PMID:Long-chain versus medium and long-chain triglyceride-based fat emulsion in parental nutrition of severe head trauma patients. 212 44

A number of morphological and functional changes on liver cells were reported during experimental cholestasis. Some specific metabolic pathways catalyzed by "membrane bound" enzymes were described to be altered by lipid microenvironment changes. The purpose of he present study is to establish Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronyltransferase activity--a microsomal integral enzyme responsible for bilirubin conjugation--and microsomal phospholipid profile in cholestatic and normal patients. Surgical liver biopsies were taken fron five patients suffering prolonged extrahepatic cholestasis, and five patients submitted to abdominal surgery excluding hepato-biliary diseases that were considered as controls. The following biochemical parameters were determined in both groups: bilirubin concentration, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, oxalacetic and pyruvic transaminases, and pseudo-cholinesterase activities. Serum cholestatic markers showed significative increments in cholestatic patients (Table 1). Total Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronyltransferase activity was similar comparing normal and cholestatic individuals (1.11 +/- 0.66 and 1.93 +/- 0.82 nmol conjugated bilirubin/mg protein in 10 min. respectively). When final reaction product was analysed, the normal group showed 80% of bilirubin diglucuronide; but resulted undetectable in cholestatic patients yielding 100% of bilirubin monoglucuronide. Microsomal phospholipid analysis showed a decrease in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine contents in the cholestatic group; probably due to the action of bile acids accumulated into the hepatic cells. Simultaneously we found an increment in phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin levels in cholestatic patients compared to normals (Figure 1). This fact could be explained by the existence of special sites in the membrane for the latter phospholipids, protected against bile acids detersive action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Phospholipid composition of the hepatic microsomal membrane and its relationship to bilirubin UDP glucuronyltransferase in human cholestasis]. 213 64

The diagnostic efficacy of five serum liver function tests (aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase, and bilirubin) was investigated in 95 bone marrow transplant recipients in whom acute graft-vs-host disease was graded by the Seattle criteria. The patient population included a control group of 22 autologous transplant recipients (group I), 33 patients with no GVHD (group II), 21 patients with grades 1 and 2 GVHD (group III), 12 patients with grade 3 GVHD (group IV), and 7 patients with grade 4 GVHD (group V). Student t test analysis of the analytes among the five groups of patients showed that 5' nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase were the best discriminants among all the possible combinations of group pairs. Peak levels of 5' nucleotidase within each group of patients correlated well with those of alkaline phosphatase in all the allogeneic transplant groups (II-V; r = 0.59), but the correlation of these with bilirubin was less frequent. Also, 5' nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase showed significant discrimination (P less than 0.05) even between groups I and II, suggesting that they are more sensitive than the Seattle criteria in the diagnosis of GVHD. They also showed the best overall discriminatory ability by one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA; P = 0.0001 as compared with 0.002, 0.009, and 0.04 for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin, respectively). Receiver-operating curves of the five analytes again revealed that 5' nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase were by far the best discriminators among the five groups of patients. Bilirubin was relatively insensitive because it was a good discriminator only between the control group and groups IV and V. The hepatocellular enzymes, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, correlated well (r = 0.80) but discriminated poorly among the four groups of allogeneic transplant recipients (II-V), suggesting that all four groups had some measure of hepatocellular damage that was independent of the severity of GVHD.
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PMID:Serum 5'nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase--highly predictive liver function tests for the diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant recipients. 255 45

To establish the prevalence of liver enzyme alterations in the course of serious infections of diverse origin, 112 patients were studied retrospectively for the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH, GGT, alkaline phosphatase (FA) and bilirubin (BIL). Cases in which the values might be altered due to causes other than the infectious process were previously excluded. The prevalence of affectation of each of the parameters was the following: GGT, 39.1%; LDH, 33.3%; FAL, 30.1%; GOT, 29.5%; GPT, 24.8%; BIL, 18.3%. Seventy percent had at least one of these values changed. No significant differences were found in the incidence or intensity of the analytic alterations in function of the origin of the of infection, which suggests that these modification are nonspecific. Bilirubin levels were found to be significantly higher in the patients who died. On realizing the linear correlation analysis between the diverse parameters studied, a good correlation was found between them, suggesting a common pathogenetic mechanism.
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PMID:[Changes of liver enzymes during severe infections]. 257 Apr 47

Toxin produced by Pasteurella multocida type D was investigated for its effect on serum complement and serum biochemistry in rats. Rats were given a sublethal single subcutaneous injection of D toxin equivalent to 0.2 microgram/kg of body weight. Serum obtained 1, 3, 5 and 7 days post-treatment was tested for complement activity, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Serum complement titers were significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) at all times after injection of toxin compared to rats injected with diluent and tested at the same intervals. Bilirubin was decreased but both control and D toxin-treated rats had low concentrations of bilirubin in their sera. The other biochemical constituents measured had no consistent pattern that would indicate liver damage in the rats.
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PMID:Serum complement activity and serum enzymes in rats after a subcutaneous injection of toxin prepared from Pasteurella multocida type D. 262 1


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