Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using immunoblot studies, detailed antibody patterns were performed with the sera of 10 yellow jacket allergic patients undergoing specific immunotherapy with a yellow jacket venom SQ-depot extract (ALK, Denmark). Five males and five females (age range 10-65, mean 48 years) were investigated. All patients had a history of systemic reactions after an insect sting and a positive skin-prick test at a dose of at least 100 micrograms/ml yellow jacket venom. Yellow jacket venom (ALK) was separated on a 7.5-20% SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose (NC), and then the NC-strips were incubated with the patients' sera. For detection of IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG4, an alkaline phosphatase linked 2nd antibody was used. Prior to immunotherapy, a strong IgE binding was detected at 25 kD in nine of 10 patients, representing Antigen-5 (Ag-5) as major allergen. Reactivity to this antigen was also present with the other immunoglobulin classes, although not as marked. In addition, a second frequent IgG and IgG1-binding band was seen at 35 kD (phospholipase A). Only weak or no binding to this band was found with IgE and IgG4. Binding to hyaluronidase (43 kD) was seen only in three cases. During immunotherapy, a significant increase in IgG and particularly IgG4 staining was found with Ag-5, whereas hyaluronidase induces mainly an IgG1 response and phospholipase A showed only a weak IgG response. In addition, the formation of new IgG4 binding to proteins in the region of about 70-90 kD was found in most patients. The dose necessary for the induction of this antibody formation was greater than or equal to 150.00 SQ yellow jacket venom.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 patterns in yellow jacket allergic patients during immunotherapy with a venom depot extract. 157 21

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is commonly used to provide nutrition in the seriously ill. Osteomalacia has been described with long-term TPN and the administered solutions and/or vitamin D metabolites have been blamed for the occurrence of osteomalacia. These studies however were performed on patients on long-term TPN programs. We in contrast measured the serum calcium (Ca), ionized calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (Pi), bone GLA protein (BGP), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, the iPTH (carboxyl terminal) in 25 malnourished patients just beginning TPN therapy. The patients ranged from 25 to 80 yr of age and suffered from a variety of diseases. No patient had symptoms, recent fractures, or radiographic evidence of osteomalacia. The results of our study revealed significantly lower 25(OH)D (p less than 0.001), Pi (p less than 0.01), and Ca (p less than 0.01), but higher iPTH (p less than 0.002) values when compared to normals. BGP, 1,25(OH)2D and Ca2+ and ALK-P were not significantly different. We conclude that patients requiring TPN have low serum 25(OH)D values reflecting their nutritional status with a compensatory increase in PTH secretion to maintain their serum Ca2+ levels. The normal BGP levels may indicate depressed bone formation and skeletal resistance to PTH in the very ill patient. The cause of osteomalacia in these patients may therefore be multifactorial and not only related to the TPN infusions.
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PMID:Bone and mineral status of patients beginning total parenteral nutrition. 308 83

The effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the expression of osteoblastic-related cell markers was examined. A marrow stromal osteogenic cell line, MBA-15, was analyzed by Northern blotting for the expression of bone matrix proteins. These cells constitutively express mRNA encoding for procollagen alpha 2 (I), osteonectin, osteopontin, biglycan, and alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P). Gene expression was unchanged in response to RA triggering for 24 hr. Furthermore, cell growth and enzymatic activities of ALK-P and neutral endopeptidase (CD10/NEP) were studied. These parameters were examined in MBA-15 and clonal populations representing different stages of differentiation. The cell's growth rate was unchanged, while ALK-P activity was greatly increased during the culture period under RA treatment in MBA-15 and in the clonal cell lines examined while CD10/NEP activity displayed a different pattern. MBA-15.4, a preosteoblast cell line, exhibited an inhibition in CD10/NEP activity at the beginning of the culture period, reaching basal level with time. This activity was greatly increased over control level in MBA-15.6, a mature stage of osteoblasts. Furthermore, the response of cell lines to various growth factors was tested subsequent to priming the cultures with RA. A synergistic effect was monitored for ALK-P activity in MBA-15.4 and MBA-15.6 cells under rh-bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) and purified osteogenin (BMP-3), and an antagonist effect was measured when cells were exposed to transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta). Contrarily, BMP-2 and BMP-3 inhibited the CD10/NEP activity that had remained unchanged following priming of the cell with RA. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF) did not affect either ALK-P nor CD10/NEP activities in both cloned cells. Cellular response to bone-seeking hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was monitored by activation of intracellular cAMP. Treatment with RA caused a dramatic decrease in MBA-15.6 cell responses to PTH and PGE2, but no significant effects could be observed in other clonal lines.
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PMID:Differential effects of retinoic acid and growth factors on osteoblastic markers and CD10/NEP activity in stromal-derived osteoblasts. 752 53

To clarify the role of serum vitamin D and bone remodeling markers in postmenopausal diabetic azotemics, we designed a study involving 3 different postmenopausal patient groups. Group I consisted of 20 diabetic women with renal insufficiency who were not yet on dialysis therapy. Group II consisted of 15 age-matched nondiabetic women with comparable degrees of renal insufficiency. Group III consisted of 20 age-matched women with normal renal function. We investigated the overnight fasting serum 25 (OH) vit-D, 1,25(OH)2 vit-D3, osteocalcin (OC), bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ALK-PB) and intact parathyroid hormone (I-PTH) levels in these cases. The serum I-PTH and OC levels were statistically significantly higher, whereas 1,25(OH)2vit-D3 were significantly lower in Group I and Group II patients than in Group III patients. We found no significant correlation between elevation of I-PTH and reduced 1,25(OH)2 vit-D3 levels in Group I and Group II patients. I-PTH levels correlated positively with OC in Group I and Group II patients. There was no significant difference in serum 25(OH) vit-D among these 3 groups of patients. We conclude that (1) serum OC level may serve as a good parameter in evaluating secondary hyperparathyroidism in postmenopausal azotemics with or without diabetes, (2) even in the presence of menopause, renal failure per se is the main factor in determining serum 1,25(OH)2 vit-D3 levels in diabetic azotemics.
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PMID:Serum osteocalcin and vitamin D in postmenopausal diabetic azotemics. 807 46

The clonal subtypes of cells in the osteogenic family represented by fibroblastoid MBA-15.33, preosteoblast MBA-15.4, and mature osteoblastic MBA-15.6 cells were used to study the effects of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone). The role of dexamethasone was monitored on cell attachment when plated on various protein substrata (BSA, collagen 1, and Matrigel). A 24 h exposure of the cells to 10(-6) M or 10(-7) M dexamethasone differential affects their attachment preference. MBA-15.33 and MBA-15.4 cells increased their attachment capability on collagen 1, while MBA-15.6 cells' attachment was inhibited. Pretreatment with (10(-6) M) dexamethasone caused an increase in attachment on Matrigel by MBA-15.33 cells and to less extent by MBA-15.4 cells. Additionally, measurements of two enzymatic activities were monitored; one is alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), and the second is neutral endopeptidase (CD10/NEP). MBA-15.33, MBA-15.4, and MBA-15.6 cells were exposed to dexamethasone or to various growth factors (bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2 and BMP-3), TGF beta, and IGF-1). In some experiments, pretreatment of cells by dexamethasone was followed by exposure to the growth factors. The cells' challenged cellular responses were not uniform and revealed a differential pattern when their ALK-P and CD10/NEP enzymatic activities were measured.
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PMID:Dexamethasone regulation of marrow stromal-derived osteoblastic cells. 889 93

Our aim was to study the role of various extracellular matrices (ECM) on growth and differentiation of marrow stromal cells in vitro. Morphology changes, gene expression, and enzymatic activities were monitored in stromal osteoblastic MBA-15 and adipocytic 14F1.1 cells. These stromal cells were plated on dishes precoated with different substrata, such as matrigel (basement membrane), collagen type I, and endothelial ECM, and compared with cells plated on protein-free dishes. Striking morphological differences were observed when the cells grew on these different substrata. Changes in cell shape and growth also led to differential mRNA expression and enzymatic activities. When MBA-15 cells were plated on collagen, there was a decrease in mRNA for alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), osteopontin (OP), and osteonectin (ON), and an increase in mRNA for procollagen (I). A differential effect was noted on 14F1.1 cells, the mRNA for ALK-P increased, the expressions of OP and ON lowered, and no expression for procollagen (I) was monitored. MBA-15 cells cultured on matrigel had decreased mRNA for ALK-P and OP, while they had increased ON mRNA expression and remained unchanged for procollagen I. No change in mRNA expression by 14F1.1 cells was monitored when cultured on matrigel. Functional enzymatic activities of ALK-P markedly decreased in MBA-15 cells cultured on various substrata, and increased or were unchanged in 14F1.1 cells. An additional enzyme, neutral endopeptidase (CD10/NEP), altered differentially in both cell types; this enzymatic activity increased or was unchanged when cells were cultured on these matrices. The results indicate a specific role for different ECM on various stromal cell types and their function.
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PMID:Phenotypic expression of marrow cells when grown on various substrata. 917 88

Interactive effects of gossypol and chloroquine as determined by activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-pase), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-pase) and cholesterol level were investigated in rats. Administration of gossypol for eight weeks, at a concentration of 20 mg per kg body wt. per day with or without chloroquine had no effect on the serum enzymes and glucose-6-phosphatase activities. When chloroquine at a concentration of 5 mg per kg body wt. thrice a week was administered alone, there was a marked decrease in total protein content and ALK-pose activities, while a significant increase in LDH activity was observed. Administration of either gossypol or chloroquine decreased the level of cholesterol. A greater decrease was recorded when both were given together. It is suggested that gossypol can be employed as a male contraceptive among malaria-infected populations.
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PMID:Experimental analysis of gossypol and chloroquine interaction in serum and in liver of rat. 1035 61

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a potent chemotactic and activating agent for human neutrophils and bovine IL-8 is chemotactic for bovine neutrophils; however, it is unclear whether IL-8 activates bovine neutrophils. Two isoforms of human recombinant (hr) IL-8 protein (77 and 72 amino acid) were used to stimulate bovine neutrophils in vitro. Bovine neutrophils exhibited significant migration in the presence of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0ngml(-1) hr IL-8 when incubated for 30min at 37 degrees C in a modified Boyden chamber assay. Both the 77 and 72 aa forms were equally effective in inducing migration in this assay. At the highest doses of IL-8 examined (1 and 5ngml(-1)), migration was similar to migration in the presence of 20% zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) or 12h lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated blood monocyte supernatants (CM). Significant (p<0. 05) release of alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P) (from specific granules) occurred but myeloperoxidase (MPO) release and superoxide anion production were not enhanced in bovine neutrophils by either form of hrIL-8 at any of the doses tested. Significant (p<0.05) alkaline phosphatase release was observed in the presence of 10 and 100ngml(-1) for the 72 aa form of IL-8 and only at the higher dose for the 77 aa form of IL-8. The ZAS and CM significantly enhanced neutrophil degranulation of ALK-P and MPO as well as inducing superoxide anion production. These results suggest that IL-8 may play a role in both neutrophil recruitment and activation during bovine inflammatory processes.
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PMID:Effects of human IL-8 isoforms on bovine neutrophil function in vitro. 1076 Mar 91

The biochemical and toxicological effects of occupational and dietary exposure of humans to cyanide poisoning from large-scale cassava processing and ingestion of cassava foods were investigated using spectrophotometric and enzymatic methods. Analysis of urinary and serum thiocyanate (cyanide metabolite) from workers in cassava processing industries, who were 'frequent' [those who eat cassava food(s) at least once a day] and 'infrequent' [those who eat cassava food(s) only occasionally] consumers of cassava-based diets, was carried out with the aid of questionnaries. The mean urinary thiocyanate level of the cassava processors (mean+/-S.D.; 153.50+/-25.21 micromo1/l) was 2.2 and 2.6 times higher than that of frequent (70.1+/-21.8 micromo1/l) and infrequent (mean+/-S.D.; 59.30+/-17.0 micromo1/l) cassava consumers, respectively. The mean serum thiocyanate levels rose to 126.73+/-12.4 micromo1/l for the former and 68.4+/-18.3 and 54.7+/-13.2 micromo1/l, respectively, for the latter. An increase in plasma activity by 10% above normal of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was observed in 40% of the cassava processors, whereas it was within normal range in all consumers. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALK.PHOS) were within the normal value in all cases studied. The blood glucose level of 50% of the cassava processors was 100 mg/ml or above while that of the consumers was in the range of 68-85 mg/100 ml. The total protein, serum albumin and creatinine levels were in the range for normal values for the processors and consumers. The health implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Occupational and dietary exposures of humans to cyanide poisoning from large-scale cassava processing and ingestion of cassava foods. 1206 22

In order to determine the interrelationship between dietary iron and zinc levels, the effects of dietary iron levels (2, 10, 20, and 40 microg/g) on changes in iron and zinc status and zinc enzyme activities (aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ALA-D EC 4.2.1.24 and alkaline phosphatase ALK-P EC 3.1.3.1) in male Wistar rats were investigated using adequate and marginally deficient zinc diets (25 and 5 microg/g). When rats were fed 5 microg Zn/g diets, body weight gain and food intake remained unchanged at a Fe diet intake of 20 microg/g or greater. Similar tendencies were obtained for hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma iron, and transferrin saturation. In contrast, liver, spleen, and femur iron concentrations increased gradually with increased iron intake. Feeding diets containing 25 microg Zn/g did not alter these parameters. The percentages of apparent iron absorption in both dietary zinc groups tended to increase with decreasing dietary iron and attained maximum levels at an Fe intake of 10 microg/g. However, In the case of rats fed Fe at concentrations of 2 microg/g Iron absorption decreased. Regardless of the dietary zinc level, rats fed diets with an Fe concentration of 2 microg/g had decreased zinc absorption and plasma ALK-P activity. However, ALA-D activity was not influenced by dietary iron.
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PMID:The effect of dietary iron levels on changes in iron status and zinc-dependent enzyme activities in rats fed two levels of dietary zinc. 1277 12


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