Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated the in vitro effects of recombinant human (rh) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and rh granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) on neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity and the incorporation of amino acids into polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from normal individuals and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Both the NAP activity and incorporation of amino acids into PMN were enhanced by the addition of G-CSF in a dose-dependent manner. NAP activity induced by G-CSF in PMN from CML patients showed a greater increase than that in PMN from normal controls. In contrast to G-CSF, GM-CSF did not affect the NAP activity in PMN in spite of the enhanced incorporation of amino acids into PMN by GM-CSF. Interestingly, both the NAP-inducing ability of G-CSF and its enhancing ability for amino acid incorporation were suppressed by GM-CSF in a dose-dependent manner when PMN were incubated with various concentrations of GM-CSF in addition to 100 ng/ml of G-CSF. These observations suggest that G-CSF and GM-CSF act differently: G-CSF induces NAP synthesis in PMN, whereas GM-CSF negatively modulates the effect of G-CSF. Further, it is suggested that protein synthesis induced by G-CSF is negatively modulated by GM-CSF in a general fashion.
...
PMID:Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor suppresses induction of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase synthesis by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 169 Nov 3

The monocyte, monocyte conditioned media (MoCM), giant cell tumor conditioned media (GCT) and a purified colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promote granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) growth and differentiation along the neutrophil lineage and also induce alkaline phosphatase (NAP) synthesis in the neutrophilic cells of normal subjects and of patients with chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However, it is not known if granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF), macrophage-CSF (CSF-1) or other cytokines can induce NAP synthesis from the neutrophilic cells of CML patients. The objective of this study were (a) to ascertain which of the three CFU-GM CSFs would induce NAP synthesis, and (b) to test if any of the other cytokines--interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), alpha- and gamma-interferons (alpha-INF and r-INF), and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T-cell conditioned media (TCM) would induce NAP synthesis. Light density cells obtained from the blood of patients with chronic phase CML were depleted of T cells and monocytes. These cells were cultured with various amounts of G-CSF, GM-CSF, CSF-1, IL-1, IL-2, alpha-INF, r-INF, MoCM, GCT and TCM in a suspension culture system over 6-7 days. Evaluation of the cultures indicated that G-CSF, MoCM and GCT, but not the other factors or cytokines, consistently induced NAP synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Actinomycin-D and puromycin in separate cultures inhibited NAP synthesis without any significant reduction in cell counts. This indicated that NAP is not prepackaged in neutrophilic cells, and its synthesis occurs by a sequential transcription at the DNA level and translation at the ribosomal level. Our results suggest that the molecule which is responsible for promotion of CFU-GM growth and differentiation along the neutrophilic cell lineage is also responsible for derepression of NAP gene and initiation of NAP synthesis.
...
PMID:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces synthesis of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophilic granulocytes of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. 245 37

Stromal cell lines, designated MS-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -7 were established by irradiating the adherent cells in long-term bone marrow cultures with 900-rad x-rays. Two of the cell lines, MS-1 and MS-5, have the capacity to support the growth of hemopoietic stem cells (spleen colony-forming cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells) for greater than 2 months in vitro. These two cell lines were alkaline phosphatase-, peroxidase-, and factor VIII-negative and positive for periodic acid-Schiff and nonspecific esterase. Extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type I were produced by these two cell lines. Neither MS-1 cell- nor MS-5 cell-conditioned medium supported the growth of hemopoietic stem cells, and hemopoietic stem cells were found preferentially to be under and on MS-1 and MS-5 layers rather than in suspension. Close contact with the MS-1 cell layer or the MS-5 cell layer appears to be essential in maintaining hemopoiesis in vitro. Conditioned media from MS-1 cells and MS-5 cells stimulated granulocyte colony formation from murine bone marrow cells in semisolid culture.
...
PMID:Reproducible establishment of hemopoietic supportive stromal cell lines from murine bone marrow. 278 73

Studies on blood serum from mammary carcinoma (MC) hosts, which promoted gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) expression by normal rat bone marrow cells in liquid culture, were extended to various granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (CSFs). GGT concentration per cell was found to increase (without change in total cell number) by incubation for 48 h with purified CSF-2 gamma and CSF-1 (but not interleukin-3), with human giant cell elaborated GM-CSF and L-cell conditioned medium, as well as with the 3 MC preparations (host serum, MC extract and MC conditioned medium). GGT-inducing ability (per milligram protein) ranked the 7 preparations in the same order as did their proliferative effect (number of colonies per milligram protein) in the standard mouse bone marrow agar culture system. The quantitative correlation between these two kinds of activities (linear for their logarithmic values) was highly significant, r = 0.976, p less than 0.001. The alkaline phosphatase concentration of bone marrow cells in liquid culture was also increased in the presence of the same 7 preparations, and this again was proportional (r = 0.985, p less than 0.001) to their colony stimulating potential.
...
PMID:Enhancement of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase expression in bone marrow cells by colony stimulating factors. 290 68

Two types of murine marrow adherent cells derived from Dexter cultures have been characterized. Exposure of C57B1/6J, ICR, or BDF1 mice to 1000 R x-ray 24 h prior to killing and establishment of liquid marrow cultures resulted in the growth of two types of adherent cells. A macrophage-like cell was phagocytic, nonspecific esterase, and acid phosphatase, positive and alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, and factor-VIII negative. The second cell was large and epithelioid in appearance, had a subpopulation of giant fat cells, was nonphagocytic, alkaline phosphatase positive, and negative for acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, myeloperoxidase, and factor VIII. At low inoculum levels these cells formed three types of colonies within 1-3 weeks--macrophage, epithelioid, and mixed--while at higher inoculum levels they formed confluent monolayers. These radioresistant cells supported myeloid pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S) and granulocyte-macrophage stem cells (GM-CFU-C) in liquid culture of long term nonadherent marrow cells and stimulated GM-CFU-C in agar over-lays. Refeeding liquid cultures with nonadherent cells from long-term Dexter cultures revealed that myeloperoxidase-positive cells adhered predominantly to the colonies containing epithelioid cells.
...
PMID:Radioresistant murine marrow stromal cells: a morphologic and functional characterization. 620 80

In a patient with Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), the development of a localized blastoma preceding generalized blastic transformation was accompanied by a reduction of granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony forming capacity in agar of bone marrow cells as well as an increase in peripheral neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) scores. Successful transplantation of the blastoma cells into nude mice enabled extensive studies of the cell properties. The blastoma cells were double Ph1-positive cells which did not respond to human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and were similar to cells demonstrated in spleen and bone marrow at the terminal stage of the patient's illness. These observations clearly support the case for sequential studies of colony formation in vitro as a useful test for the early detection of disturbances in marrow function that may occur before generalized blastic transformation. Studies of the properties of the blastoma cells also provide some insight into possible mechanisms for the transformation event.
...
PMID:Localized blastoma preceding blastic transformation in Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia: morphological and cultural studies of the transformation event. 693 75

Osteoclasts (OCs), which form by fusion of hematopoietic precursor cells, are typically present in large numbers in giant cell tumors of bone (GCTBs). These tumors may, therefore, contain cells which secrete factors that stimulate recruitment and differentiation of OC precursors. Multinucleated cells resembling OCs also form in cultures of human cord blood monocytes (CBMs) stimulated by 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, but these cells lack the ability to form bone resorption pits, the defining functional characteristic of mature OCs. CBMs may thus require additional stimulation to form OCs; we therefore investigated whether GCTBs are a source of such a stimulus. CBMs were stimulated in long term (21 day) culture by medium conditioned by explants of GCTBs; media collected within 15 days of explant (early-CM) and after 15 days (late-CM) were employed. We also cocultured CBMs with primary GCTB-derived stromal cells as well as immortalized bone marrow stroma-derived cells. CBMs stimulated by early-CM formed resorption pits on cortical bone slices; however, stimulation by late-CM resulted in virtually no resorption. Both early-CM and late-CM increased CBM proliferation, but not the proportion of vitronectin receptor positive or multinucleated cells. Coculture of CBMs with stromal cells of GCTBs or bone marrow did not result in bone resorption, although these stromal cells (most expressing alkaline phosphatase but progressively losing parathyroid hormone receptor expression) expressed mRNA for cytokines involved in OC differentiation, including macrophage-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, IL-11, IL-6, and stem cell factor. Our results indicate that CBMs are capable of terminal OC differentiation in vitro, a process requiring 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 as well as diffusible factor(s) which can be derived from GCTB. Stromal cells of GCTB may produce such factors in vivo, but do not support OC differentiation in vitro, possibly through phenotypic instability in culture.
...
PMID:Human cord blood monocytes undergo terminal osteoclast differentiation in vitro in the presence of culture medium conditioned by giant cell tumor of bone. 881 3

The aim of this work is to describe the techniques that have been used for preparation and analysis of whole fetal liver extracts destined for in utero transplantation. Nine fetal livers between 12 and 17 weeks of gestation were prepared: cell counts and assessment of the hematopoietic cell viability were performed on cell suspensions. Hepatocytes represented 40 to 80% of the whole cell population. The remaining cells were constituted by hematopoietic cells (mainly erythroblasts), as well as by endothelial cells. The latter expressed CD34 on their surface, interfering with the assessment of CD34+ hematopoietic cells by flow cytometry. Direct visual morphologic control using alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase techniques was needed to differentiate hematopoietic from extra-hematopoietic CD34+ cells. Between 3.0 and 34.6 x 10(6) CD34+ viable hematopoietic cells were collected per fetal liver. Adequate differentiation of these cells into burst-forming units erythroid (BFU-E), colony-forming units granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), and colony-forming units granulocyte erythroid macrophage megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM) has been shown for each sample in clonogeneic cultures. In conclusion, fetal liver is a potential source of hematopoietic stem cells. Their numeration, based on the presence of CD34, is hampered by the expression of this antigen on other cells contained in the liver cell extract, in particular endothelial cells.
...
PMID:Preparation and analysis of fetal liver extracts. 1103 73

GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating fractor) is a hematopoietic growth factor. In vitro it stimulates the proliferation of myeloid progenitors and formation of granulocyte and macrophage colonies. It was found that GM-CSF in vitro also stimulates the phagocytic function of mature granulocytes. Indirect evidence of this might be the increase of the activity of granulocyte enzymes participating in phagocytosis. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo the level of GM-CSF in the plasma and activity of acid phosphatase (AcP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), peroxidase (MPO) and esterase in granulocytes of breast cancer patients. The activities of tested enzymes were measured by cytochemical methods in the blood of 14 patients before and 30 days after surgery (group A) and 15 patients before and in the course (12 week) of chemotherapy (groupB) and in 10 healthy subjects. GM-CSF concentration was measured in the plasma, using a sensitive sandwich ELISA. According to obtained results we can conclude that GM-CSF concentration in cancer patients before and after surgery compared to the control group was increased. GM-CSF concentration in patients before and in the course of chemotherapy was increased compared to the control group and patients before and after surgery. Enzyme activities participating in phagocytosis in cancer patients after surgery were increased compared to the enzyme activity in the control group. Enzyme activities in cancer patients in the course of chemotherapy were decreased when compared to the activities in the control group and when compared to the activities in cancer patients before and after surgery. The chemotherapy causes increase of GM-CSF concentration and enzyme activity.
...
PMID:[Plasma granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and activity of enzymes in granulocytes of breast cancer patients]. 1744 77

A 5-month-old boy developed splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia with elevated white cells, monocytosis and immature granulocytes in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow showed dysplasia without blastosis. Increased colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage was found in the peripheral blood, mimicking granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor hypersensitivity. These findings fulfilled the diagnosis criteria for juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), but no mutations in the CBL, NRAS, KRAS, or PTPN11 genes were detected. In addition to these findings severe hypogammaglobulinemia and elevated alkaline phosphatase were present. Bone X-ray showed dense and radiopaque bones with a bone-in-bone appearance characteristic of infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO). Genetic mutation in T-cell, immune regulator 1 (TCIRG1) was identified, confirming the diagnosis of IMO. Careful differential diagnosis including osteopetrosis, is therefore recommended in patients with clinical features and hematologic findings consistent with JMML.
...
PMID:Osteopetrosis mimicking juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. 2533 98


1

---