Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The composition of a vesicular cell-membrane fraction from leucocytes has been studied. The bulk of the mass is accounted for as protein and lipid. A small amount of carbohydrate, including some N-acetylneuraminic acid, is present. The phospholipid/cholesterol molar ratio is 1.4 and differs from that for the whole cell. 2. Labile phosphorus groups are present in the membrane but the analysis is complicated by the presence of phosphorus occluded in the membrane vesicles. 3. Leucocidin does not change the gross composition of the membranes or alter the amount or reactivity of the phosphorus compounds. 4. The cell-membrane fraction has considerable avidity for an impurity present in commercial [(32)P]orthophosphate. When this is removed [(32)P]orthophosphate or [(32)P]ATP does not label the membrane. 5. The presence of an NADH(2)-cytochrome c oxidoreductase and an alkaline phosphatase is described. The adenosine-triphosphatase activity of the membrane has not been found to depend on the presence of Na(+) or K(+).
...
PMID:Composition and properties of a cell-membrane fraction from the polymorphonuclear leucocyte. 428 73

A study was made of the enzyme content of the isolated cell walls and of a plasma-membrane preparation obtained by centrifugation after enzymic digestion of the cell walls of baker's yeast. The isolated cell walls showed no hexokinase, alkaline phosphatase, esterase or NADH oxidase activity. It was concluded that these enzymes exist only in the interior of the cell. Further, only a negligible activity of deamidase was detectable in the cell walls. Noticeable amounts of saccharase, phosphatases hydrolysing p-nitrophenyl phosphate, ATP, ADP, thiamin pyrophosphate and PP(i), with optimum activity at pH3-4, and an activity of Mg(2+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase at neutral pH, were found in the isolated cell walls. During enzymic digestion, the other activities appearing in the cell walls were mostly released into the medium, but the bulk of the Mg(2+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase remained in the plasma-membrane preparation. Accordingly, it may be assumed that the enzymes released into the medium during digestion are located in the cell wall outside the plasma membrane, whereas the Mg(2+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase is an enzyme of the plasma membrane. This enzyme differs from the phosphatases with pH optima in the range pH3-4 with regard to location, pH optimum, substrate specificity and different requirement of activators.
...
PMID:The enzymic composition of the isolated cell wall and plasma membrane of baker's yeast. 431 24

1. The inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by NAD(+), NADH, adenosine and nicotinamide was studied. 2. All of these substances except NAD(+) act as uncompetitive inhibitors, i.e. double-reciprocal plots are parallel. NAD(+), however, is a ;mixed' inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase and is less potent than NADH. 3. Inhibition studies with pairs of the inhibitors suggest that, in spite of the difference in type of inhibition, NAD(+) and NADH bind to alkaline phosphatase at a common site. Adenosine and nicotinamide also seem to bind at the NAD site and the binding of adenosine is facilitated by nicotinamide, and vice versa. 4. The facilitation may indicate the occurrence of an induced fit for NAD(+) and NADH. Attempts to desensitize alkaline phosphatase to NAD(+) and NADH inhibition by partial denaturation were unsuccessful. 5. The results are discussed in terms of a two-site model in which separate, but interacting, regions exist on the enzyme to accommodate the adenosine and nicotinamide moieties of NAD, and a single-site model in which the adenosine part of the molecule is bound preferentially and this interacts with the nicotinamide fraction. 6. The activity of alkaline phosphatase can be changed fourfold by alteration of the NAD(+)/NADH ratio. This sensitivity to the redox state of the coenzyme could be a means of controlling phosphatase activity.
...
PMID:The inhibition of pig kidney alkaline phosphatase by oxidized or reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and related compounds. 435 11

Isopycnic equilibration and sedimentation rate studies of rat liver microsomes led previously to the assignment of microsomal constituents into group a1 (monoamine oxidase), group a2 (5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphodiesterase I, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol), group a3 (galactosyltransferase), group b (NADH cytochrome c reductase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine demethylase, cytochrome b(5) and P 450), and group c (glucose 6-phosphatase, esterase, nucleoside diphosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and glucuronyltransferase). Confirmation and extension of the assignment into groups has been obtained by studying the differential effect of the reagents digitonin, EDTA, and PPi. Digitonin specifically affected the equilibrium density only of the group a2 and (to a lesser extent) group a3, and not of groups b and c under conditions which preserved the structure-linked latency of nucleoside diphosphatase and galactosyltransferase. Within experimental error the rate of sedimentation of all microsomal constituents was unaffected. The morphological appearance under the electron microscope was indistinguishable from that of nondigitonin-treated microsomes, except that a few smooth membranes (< 10%) exhibited broken-looking profiles. Treatment of microsomes with EDTA or PPi detached a substantial part of RNA and released protein in excess over the amount accountable for by detachment of ribosome constituents. This detachment was confirmed by electron microscopy. EDTA and PPi decreased markedly the equilibrium density and the density dispersion of groups b and c, due mainly to the uncoating of rough elements. EDTA and PPi shifted slightly the distribution profiles of groups a towards lower densities, possibly as a result of the release of adsorbed proteins. The combination of EDTA and digitonin, used subsequently, rendered the average equilibrium density of group a2 higher than that of groups b and c. Dense subfractions were thus enriched in constituents of group a2 and showed mainly broken-looking vesicles under the electron microscope. The import of our results on the biochemical and enzymic properties of the subcellular components of the microsome fractions is discussed.
...
PMID:Analytical study of microsomes and isolated subcellular membranes from rat liver. IV. Biochemical, physical, and morphological modifications of microsomal components induced by digitonin, EDTA, and pyrophosphate. 436 10

A 52 yr old Caucasian female (F. E.) had hemolytic anemia, a leukemoid reaction, and fatal sepsis due to Escherichia coli. Her leukocytes ingested bacteria normally but did not kill catalase positive Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens. An H(2)O(2)-producing bacterium, Streptococcus faecalis, was killed normally. Granule myeloperoxidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, and beta glucuronidase activities were normal, and these enzymes shifted normally to the phagocyte vacuole (light and electron microscopy). Intravacuolar reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium did not occur. Moreover, only minimal quantities of H(2)O(2) were generated, and the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) was not stimulated during phagocytosis. These observations suggested the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. However, in contrast to control and chronic granulomatous disease leukocytes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was completely absent in F. E. leukocytes whereas NADH oxidase and NADPH oxidase activities were both normal. Unlike chronic granulomatous disease, methylene blue did not stimulate the hexose monophosphate shunt in F. E. cells. Thus, F. E. and chronic granulomatous disease leukocytes appear to share certain metabolic and bactericidal defects, but the metabolic basis of the abnormality differs. Chronic granulomatous disease cells lack oxidase activity which produces H(2)O(2); F. E. cells had normal levels of oxidase activity but failed to produce NADPH due to complete glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. These data indicate that a complete absence of leukocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with defective hexose monophosphate shunt activity is associated with low H(2)O(2) production and inadequate bactericidal activity, and further suggest an important role for NADPH in the production of H(2)O(2) in human granulocytes.
...
PMID:Complete deficiency of leukocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with defective bactericidal activity. 440 Dec 71

1. During the course of growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis in chemically defined media, measurements were made of 16 different parameters, including the specific activities of nine intracellular enzymes. 2. Towards the end of exponential growth, proteolytic activity increased and reached a maximum soon after growth ceased. 3. In the presence of an excess of phosphate the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase increased fivefold at the end of exponential growth. 4. The specific activity of malate dehydrogenase remained at a high constant level throughout sporulation, but the specific activity of fumarase showed a two- to three-fold increase 5-9hr. after the end of exponential growth. 5. Aconitase activity was barely detectable during exponential growth in a glucose-glutamate medium, but increased rapidly when glutamate was replaced by citrate or when the glucose in the medium was exhausted. 6. The specific activity of alanine dehydrogenase increased threefold 1-5hr. after the end of exponential growth. 7. The specific activity of soluble NADH oxidase doubled 4-6hr. after the end of exponential growth. 8. Glucose dehydrogenase was undetectable until 4hr. after the end of exponential growth, but its specific activity increased 20-fold over the next 3-4hr. 9. The onset of refractility, the synthesis of 2,6-dipicolinic acid and the appearance of heat-resistance occurred in this order some 6-12hr. after the end of exponential growth. 10. The significance of these changes is discussed in relation to the morphological development of the spore.
...
PMID:Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Biochemical changes. 497 55

The enzyme pattern of 13 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and 11 cases of myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), a malignant myxomatous soft tissue tumor of fibroblastic histiocytic origin, has been studied. 6 of the 13 MFHs were analyzed enzyme histochemically at the light microscopic level and 7 on the ultrastructural level; of the 11 MFSs 9 were analyzed enzyme histochemically at the light microscopic level and 2 on the ultrastructural level. Differences were observed in the subjectively estimated enzyme activity between low grade MFS and high grade MFS and MFH, and also between histiocyte-like and fibroblast-like tumor cells. Generally a strong reaction of oxidoreductase enzymes (NADH2-diaphorase, NADPH2-diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and hydrolytic enzymes (acid phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase) was found in the high grade tumors and was usually higher in the histiocyte-like than in the fibroblast-like cells. Ultrastructurally acid phosphatase occurred predominantly in primary and secondary lysosomes and Golgi zones of the histiocyte-like cells. A strong reaction of alkaline phosphatase was found light microscopically in 2 of 5 MFHs and 5 of 9 MFSs. Ultrastructurally alkaline phosphatase was located along the cytoplasmic membrane of predominantly fibroblast-like cells in 3 of 7 MFHs and 1 of 2 MFSs. The results agree with the concept of two main cell types in MFH and MFS, fibroblasts and histiocytes.
...
PMID:Enzyme histochemistry of malignant fibroblastic histiocytic tumors. A light and electron microscopic analysis. 608 56

1. Proteins of fat-globule membrane from bovine milk were solubilized with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 in the presence of protease inhibitors. Approximately 25% of the total membrane protein was solubilized and the extracts were shown to contain a sample of most of the major membrane proteins and glycoproteins. 2. The solubilized proteins were separated in flat-beds of Ultrodex by electrofocusing and the pI values for the major proteins, glycoproteins and certain enzymes determined. Several of the proteins displayed marked heterogeneity indicating the existence of protein variants and isoenzymes. Principal pI values for the enzymes assayed were as follows: xanthine oxidase, 7.35--7.55; NADH2: iodonitrotetrazolium reductase, less than 4.5; 5'-nucleotidase, 7.15--7.4; alkaline phosphatase, 5.4--5.7; phosphodiesterase, 4.6--4.8; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, 4.4--4.55. 3. Fractions after electrofocusing were analyzed by 'fused rocket' immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis after separation in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate. Major antigens of the membrane include xanthine oxidase and glycoproteins of apparent molecular weights 67 000, 49 500 and 46 000. The latter two components share common antigenic determinants and could not be separated by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, lectin-affinity chromatography or preparative electrofocusing.
...
PMID:Separation of the proteins of bovine milk-fat-globule membrane by electrofocusing with retention of enzymatic and immunological activity. 610 13

Administration of lindane at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight/day for 15 days to male rats brought about marked growth retardation. Succinic dehydrogenase, Mg2+-ATPase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities were inhibited in different fractions of liver tissues. Mg2+-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase and NADH-dehydrogenase activities were also inhibited in the liver plasma membranes of the lindane treated animals. Stimulation of 5'-nucleotidase activity in liver plasma membrane was observed under lindane intoxication. Supplementation of L-ascorbic acid by separate oral administration to the lindane intoxicated rats neutralized the growth retardation and maintained almost normal values of all the enzymes studied.
...
PMID:Protective effect of L-ascorbic acid in lindane intoxicated rats. 618 53

The reliability of the stainability by Trypan Blue (TB) to detect membrane damage in hepatocyte suspensions of different TB stainability and in freshly isolated cells exposed to 50 microM cadmium (Cd) for 60 min was assessed by comparison with the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and NADH-oxidation. The cellular nitrophenyl-phosphate (NPP) uptake and the digitonin-induced fluorescence of 8-anilinonaphthalene-sulfonate-1 (dig-ANS-F) were introduced as integrity parameters of hepatocytes and compared with TB stainability. Cd was without effect on all these parameters. LDH-leakage was a poor criterion, whereas NADH-oxidation and dig-ANS-F were as sensitive as TB stainability. The NPP-uptake was more sensitive than TB stainability to indicate toxic Cd-effects when the plasma membrane still seemed to be intact. Because of the enhanced extracellular NPP-degradation, which resulted from the release of alkaline phosphatase, NPP-uptake was useful as a measure of Cd-induced damage only under certain conditions. These results confirm TB stainability as a simple and reliable criterion for plasma membrane integrity and therefore viability of hepatocytes also in Cd-toxicity.
...
PMID:Differential sensitivity of integrity criteria as indicators of cadmium-induced cell damage. 620 25


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---