Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum chemistry test results were correlated with discharge diagnoses of 4,295 persons admitted to an acute care general hospital in a seven-month period. The diagnostic value of the test results, separately and in combinations of up to 12 tests, were calculated at each of ten levels as measured from the mean of normal in standard deviations. All patients had a serum profile consisting of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels. Analysis by manual and computer technics is illustrated. Computerized analysis of a chemistry profile is reported as a list of diagnostic possibilities in ranking order, with the calculated probability for each. In this preliminary report individual diseases are replaced by categories of disease taken from The International Classification of Diseases, Adapted (ICDA).
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PMID:Diagnostic value of a chemistry test profile. 101 35

Because of the difficulties in drawing blood for clinical chemistry in small laboratory animals there exist many methods for sampling blood and the preparation of serum, none of which is generally accepted or well standardised. It was the aim of this study to investigate the effects of sampling techniques on normal values of enzyme activities in the serum of rat and mouse. The activities of the following enzymes were determined: sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase, myokinase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase. In addition plasmaproteins, urea and inorganic phosphorus were measured. In rats blood was obtained from the following sites: retroorbital venous plexus, jugular vein, heart and ventral aorta. In mice blood was sampled from the jugular vein and the ventral aorta. Shifts of water from the interstitial to the intravascular space due to hypovolemia occurring during the experimental procedure were followed up by measuring the hematocrit and the distribution of radioiodide labelled albumin. In rats the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase and myokinase found in blood serum obtained from the retroorbital venous plexus and the ventral aorta were too high compared to the other sampling sites. Activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase were slightly elevated when blood was sampled from the punctured retroorbital venous plexus. Small differences in plasmaproteins and hematocrit values were found to be due to acute shifts of water within the extracellular space. In mice the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and myokinase were found to be too high in blood serum obtained from the ventral aorta. Efflux of enzymes from damaged cells and the interstitial space ive caused erroneous results too, but only to a minor extent. The most reliable method for blood sampling in rat and mouse is the cannulation of the jugular vein. The heart puncture can be recommended too. Attention should be paid, however, to the possibility of aspirating disrupted muscle cells through the inserted needle.
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PMID:[Effects of blood sampling on enzyme activities in the serum of small laboratory animals (author's transl)]. 108 84

The serum alkaline phosphatase was fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 317 patients with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity. In 253 patients the source of the elevation was the isoenzyme of presumed liver origin, band L. In 87 of these patients, there was either no obvious liver disease or the alkaline phosphatase elevation was inappropriately high. In 19 of the 87, liver disease was further excluded by liver biopsy or by laparotomy. Because of this, biochemical studies were done to verify the hepatic origin of band L. Band L and alkaline phosphatase extracted from human liver migrated together on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before and after digestion with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. They had identical pH optima, sedimentation coefficients, Michaelis constants, and rates of inactivation at 55.5 degrees C. They had different rates of inactivation in 3 M urea. Over-all, the data indicate that band L is of liver origin, and that elevation of the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme may be a nonspecific finding in certain patients.
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PMID:Significance of elevated liver alkaline phosphatase in serum. 109 21

ASSAY CURVES, USING A DISK DIFFUSION METHOD FOR THE ANTIBIOTICS GENTAMICIN AND CEFAZOLIN, WERE PREPARED WITH: saline, saline plus 10% serum, and ascitic, synovial, cerebrospinal, and pleural fluids. The curves were compared with a standard curve prepared with pooled human serum. The pH, total protein, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, chloride, CO(2) content, uric acid, cholesterol, bilirubin, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, CPK, LDH, and alkaline phosphatase were determined and compared for all fluids. Measurements for cefazolin levels were falsely elevated in those fluids with low protein content when serum was used as a reference standard. There was a linear inverse relationship between the protein content of the fluids and the cefazolin level with serum as the standard for the assay of this highly protein-bound antibiotic. No discrepancies were observed in the assay curves for gentamicin, an antibiotic known not to be bound by serum proteins.
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PMID:Effect of protein concentration and binding on antibiotic assays. 109 4

The effects of lynestrenol, administered continuously in the dose of .5 mg/day, were studied in 50 women during 1146 menstrual cycles. 45 patients completed 24 cycles each. Before treatment and every 6 cycles all patients were subjected to questioning, physical examination, cytological, blood and urea nitrogen tests and urinalysis. 50% were also subjected to hepatic function tests (sulfobromophtalein excretion, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cephalin-cholesterol flocculation) and endometrial biopsies every 6 cycles. Subjective side effects were absent and weight and blood pressure remained unchanged. Laboratory tests and cytological studies showed normal results. Only 14% of the biopsies performed showed interferen ce with the normal hormonal transformation of the endometrium. The average duration of menstruation was 4-5 days; 7% of all cycles were shortened by 5-10 days and .2% by 11-14 days. 7% of the cycles were prolonged by 5-10 days and .8% by 11-20 days. Amenorrhea was present in .4% of the cycles. Irregular bleeding (either spotting or breakthrough bleeding) was present in 14% of the cycles. 6 patients (12%) stopped the treatment for this reason. It is concluded that the preparation studied is effective and very well tolerated. Patients must be advised regarding the possibility of irregularities in the menstrual cycle, the efficacy of the drug and the absence of other unwanted side effects, to decrease the dropout rate.
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PMID:[Effects of lynestrenol used singly in low doses, as a contraceptive]. 110 Apr 81

Ultramicro procedures requiring 5-10 mul of serum or blood per analysis were used in determining blood constituents of healthy full-term newborns during the first four days of life. The resulting values appeared to be influenced by age, sex, and race. Values for total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, and uric acid in serum decreased with time; serum inorganic phosphorus and whole-blood aldosaccharoses increased. Serum from females had higher values than that from males for total proteins, albumin, and inorganic phosphorus. The values for serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase were consistently higher in Negro than in white infants; values for uric acid were higher in the latter.
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PMID:Ultramicroscale determination of clinical chemical values for blood during the first four days of postnatal life. 112 19

The development of toxicity to 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-9-(4,6,-O-thenylidene-beta-glucopyranoside) an epipodophyllotoxin with oncolytic activity, was characterized in mice treated three times at 3-day intervals with 10 mg of drug i.p. per kg of body weight. Changes in organ function and general metabolism were determined by measuring 18 constituents of blood for up to 10 weeks after drug administration. The results indicate three distinct phases of toxicity to 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-2-thenylidene-beta-glucopyranoside). Acute toxicity developed within the first 10 days and was expressed by a depressed hematocrit and elevated plasma levels of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, amylase, lipase, and uric acid. By 4 weeks, levels ahd returned to normal. The acute phase was followed by a chronic phase, which was characterized by progressive decreases in plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, albumin, and total protein. Finally, about 7 weeks after treatment, a terminal phase indicated by correlated increases in glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen became apparent. Plasma levels of creatine phosphokinase, calcium, inorganic phosphate, total bilirubin, ketones, and alkaline phosphatase did not change. Although the pancreas liver and marrow were all affected during acute toxicity, boserved changes in blood components during the chronic and terminal phases correlate best with continued hepatotoxicity. The present evidence on delayed toxicity to 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-o-2-thenylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) is most compatible with irreversible hepatotoxocity which leads to metabolic deficiencies and terminates in death of mice.
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PMID:Acute, chronic and terminal toxicity to 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin thenylidene glucoside (VM26) in mice. 113 30

In 17 anaesthetized dogs effects on blood pressure, respiration and biochemical changes in blood, i.e. serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk.Pase), and urea, after intravenous administration of pyridine at various dose levels of 88 to 880 mg/kg body weight (LD5 to LD50) are reported. Commonly observed toxicity signs and symptoms are due to action of pyridine on the nervous system. There is no direct evidence of lowering of blood pressure. Lowering of blood pressure is noticed only at lethal doses and is accompanied by marked tachycardia. Death is due to respiratory failure. The significant biochemical changes are increase in SGOT and blood urea (p less than 0.01) and decrease in serum Alk,Pase (p less than 0.01).
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PMID:Toxicological effects of intravenous administration of pyridine in anaesthetized dogs. 115 21

Doping with tranquilizers has appeared recently in horse-back riding sports. In this paper we study the effects of acepromazine, one of the main tranquilizers used, on various physiological and biochemical aspects of muscular activity (cardiac and respiratory rhythms, seric rates of glucose, urea, protein, creatine phosphokinase, glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase). A low dose (0.02 mg/kg) of acepromazine is injected; the evolution of the variables is studied before and after a standardized effort. After the effort and during recuperation, acepromazine administration causes: -- a decrease of respiratory rhythm and seric protein rats, -- an increase of creatine phosphokinase rate. A discussion of these results suggests that acepromazine depresses the respiratory centers and has a possible toxic effect on the muscle cell.
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PMID:[Effect of tranquilizer doping on the muscular activity on the sport horse. I. -- Acepromazine (author's transl)]. 116 57

The intra-subject correlations of three clinically meaningful combinations of serum constituents--(a) potassium, calcium, and albumin; (b) urea, creatinine, and uric acid; and (c) aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase--were studied in 11 healthy men. Duplicate serum samples were obtained at 800 h, 1100 h, and 1400 h on five different days. All assays were performed on the AutoChemist Multichannel Analyzer. Correlation coefficients differed significantly among the subjects for the following six pairs of serum constituents: urea and creatinine, urea and uric acid, creatinine and uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Nonbiological positive correlation between analytical errors (i.e., errors of two different assays performed on the same specimen) was demonstrated for two of the pairs: potassium and calcium, and aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. The error correlations of these two pairs of constituents comprised a significant component of the observed intra-subject correlations. Probable reasons for these analytical error correlations are discussed.
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PMID:Correlation of selected serum constituents: 1. Inter-individual variation and analytical error. 116 87


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