Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The physiological and genetic controls operating on phosphate-regulated promoters were studied in greater detail. This was done by defining the control for three phosphate-regulated genes: phoA, psiE, and psiO. Each is highly inducible by phosphate starvation. Individually, these phosphate-starvation-inducible, psi, genes at the same time show common and differing features in their molecular control. The phoA gene, encoding alkaline phosphatase, is specifically induced by phosphate starvation. It is negatively controlled by phoR as well as by the phosphate-specific transport (PST) system in Escherichia coli. phoA induction is positively controlled by the phoB, M, and R products; it is unaffected by the cAMP and CAP system. The psiE and psiO genes were studied by using strains with lacZ fused to their respective promoters. psiE-lacZ is induced by phosphate-, carbon- or nitrogen-limited growth. Genetically, psiE-lacZ induction is partially phoB and phoR-dependent. However, its expression is phoM-independent. This implies that phoB/phoR coupled control differs from phoB/phoM coupled control. Repression of psiE-lacZ is substantially altered in only some PST mutants, such as phoT. In addition, psiE-lacZ is negatively controlled by the cAMP and CAP system. psiO-lacZ is induced by phosphate-, carbon- or nitrogen-limited growth or by anaerobiosis. Its expression is unaffected by any pho mutation that has been previously described. A cell density-dependent induction of psiO-lacZ is observed in lon mutants. Also, psiO-lacZ is negatively controlled by the cAMP-CAP system. In summary, these results demonstrate that co-ordinately regulated promoters can have some common regulatory elements while, at the same time, not sharing other controlling factors.
...
PMID:Overlapping and separate controls on the phosphate regulon in Escherichia coli K12. 630 24

Low dosages of chloramphenicol (25-50 micrograms/ml) brought about a 2-4-fold stimulation of acid phosphatase activity in 48 h-germinated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) embryos. However, at high concentrations of chloramphenicol (100-1000 micrograms/ml), there was a progressive decline in enzyme activity. The stimulatory effect of the drug on acid phosphatase activity was relatively specific, since no significant stimulation of activities of proteinase, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, o-diphenolase and peroxidase was observed in germinating cotton embryos. Chloramphenicol, however, did promote the activities of isocitric lyase and alkaline phosphatase. Sephadex G-200 chromatography of the enzyme fraction revealed high (230 000)- and low (106 000)-molecular-weight multiple forms of acid phosphatase in the chloramphenicol-treated embryos, in contrast with a single molecular form (mol.wt. 106 000) in the untreated embryos. Thus the treatment of cotton embryos with chloramphenicol induced both a qualitative and a quantitative change in the acid phosphatase activity. Chloramphenicol-stimulated acid phosphatase activity was strongly inhibited when Pi was included in the germination medium. However, the control embryos showed less pronounced inhibition of enzyme activity in presence of Pi ions.
...
PMID:Chloramphenicol stimulates acid phosphatase activity in germinating cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) embryos. 687 Aug 57

Three sets of interrelated specimens containing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed: CAP 1977 Enzyme Survey serum, human serum supplemental with calf intestinal ALP, and human serum with increased human liver ALP. Five quite distinct ALP methods were used. In addition, fresh serum from volunteer blood donors and serum from patients with increased serum ALP activities were examined by each of these five methods. Conversion factors for the five different methods based on results from calf-intestine-supplemented interrelated specimens could not be used to interconvert results for fresh human serum. However, the interrelated specimens with increased human liver ALP made interconversion of results for fresh human serum possible.
...
PMID:Intralaboratory survey of alkaline phosphatase methods. 728 42

The Kallestad technique for measurement of total IgE is based on a "sandwich" technique that uses a solid phase (wells in a sensitised microplate) as a separator. The samples that contain the IgE and monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies (AcM anti-IgE) are incubated in the wells sensitised with goat anti-mouse IgE. The AcM anti-IgE binds the IgG and the complex is then bound to the wells by the anti-mouse IgG. After washing, anti IgE marked with alkaline phosphatase is added and this binds to the previously linked IgE. The intensity of colouration is directly proportional to the concentration of IgE in the sample and is measured by spectrophotometry. The Kallestad technique has very great sensitivity (> 1 KUI/L) for a serum sample of 20 microliter. The measurement is quick, with 2 h incubation. There was good intra-assay reproducibility for values 2 to 1100 KUI/L with CV of 7.6. This good reproducibility was also found in inter-assays for values between 2 and 10 KUI/L. The Kallestad technique was evaluated firstly against the CAP RIA System of Pharmacia and secondly, for values against the kit RIA Ultra. For a population labelled "all comers" with values between 2 to 1100 KUI/L the statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two techniques. The statistical analysis of the study of low values, made with the RIA Ultra kit showed that there was a significant difference between the two techniques. Exchange of standards between the two methods showed a certain over-evaluation of the values of Pharmacia whilst measurements with the Kallestad standards showed a relative under-evaluation. It should be noted that the comparison has been made between a RIA (Pharmacia) technique and one of EIA (Kallestad).
...
PMID:[Total serum IgE levels. Comparative study of the Kallestad and Pharmacia techniques]. 770 27

In the peripheral nervous system, nodes of Ranvier are formed by interactions between myelinating Schwann cells and axons. Nodes have an intricate ultrastructure, and their molecular architecture is similarly complex. A growing list of molecules have been found that are selectively localized to different parts of the nodes. Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), L1/Ng-CAM, and tenascin/cytotactin are enriched in the nodal basal lamina; hyaluronic acid, versican/hyaluronectin, N-CAM, L1/Ng-CAM, tenascin/cytotactin, and the ganglioside GM1 are enriched in the nodal gap; myelin-associated glycorprotein, oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein, connexin32, E-cadherin, actin, the gangliosides GQ1b and GD1b, the potassium channel KV1.5, and alkaline phosphatase are enriched in the paranodal region of the Schwann cell; voltage-dependent sodium channels and the cytoskeletal proteins spectrin and ankyrin are enriched in the nodal axolemma. Many of these molecules are probably essential for the proper functioning and stability of nodes.
...
PMID:Molecular specializations at nodes and paranodes in peripheral nerve. 883 21

Escherichia coli grown in high or low phosphate medium was inoculated into a lake water starvation medium. The viable count decreased at 37 degrees C but not at the lower temperatures over 70 d. Alkaline phosphatase was monitored using a colorimetric assay with pNPP as the substrate. Derepression of the enzyme occurred in cultures starved for > 30 d in the lake water and within 5 d in lake water microcosms supplemented with carbon and nitrogen sources where there was rarely an increase in viable count. Chloramphenicol prevented the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase suggesting that, even under starvation conditions, de novo synthesis of the enzyme occurs.
...
PMID:Alkaline phosphatase activity of Escherichia coli starved in sterile lake water microcosms. 885 72

The collapsin and semaphorin family of extracellular proteins contributes to axonal path finding by repulsing axons and collapsing growth cones. To explore the mechanism of collapsin-1 action, we expressed and purified a truncated collapsin-1-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein (CAP-4). This protein retains biological activity as a DRG growth cone collapsing agent and saturably binds to DRG neurons with low nanomolar affinity. Specific CAP-4 binding sites are present on DRG neurons, sympathetic neurons, and motoneurons, but not on retinal, cortical, or brainstem neurons. Outside the nervous system, high levels of CAP-4 binding sites are present in the mesenchyme surrounding major blood vessels and developing bone and in lung. These sites provide a substrate for the collapsin-1-dependent patterning of non-neuronal tissues perturbed in sema III (-/-) mice. The staining patterns for mouse semaphorin D/III and chick collapsin-1 fusion proteins are indistinguishable from one another but quite separate from that for semaphorin B and M-semaphorin F fusion proteins. These data imply that a family of high-affinity semaphorin binding sites similar in complexity to the semaphorin ligand family exists.
...
PMID:Neuronal and non-neuronal collapsin-1 binding sites in developing chick are distinct from other semaphorin binding sites. 936 65

The incidence of allergy to airborne proteins derived from tree and grass pollen, feces of mites, spores of molds, and pet dander has been increasing over the last decades. Since precise diagnosis is a prerequisite for successful immunotherapy, there is a rising demand for rapid, reliable, and inexpensive screening methods such as dipstick assays. With the purified recombinant major birch-pollen allergen rBet v 1a as model protein, crystalline bacterial cell-surface layers (S-layers) were tested for their applicability as an immobilization matrix for dipstick development. For this purpose, S-layers were deposited on a mechanically stable microporous support, cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, and free carboxylic acid groups of the S-layer protein were activated with carbodiimide. In the present test system, rBet v 1a was immobilized via the monoclonal mouse antibody BIP 1, which, unlike the allergen, is too large to enter the pores of the S-layer lattice, and which therefore formed a closed monolayer on the outermost surface of the crystal lattice. Moreover, BIP 1 is known to modulate IgE binding to the allergen. After incubation of the dipsticks in serum, washing of the reaction zone under tap water, and binding of an anti-IgE alkaline phosphatase conjugate, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium was used as substrate, forming an IgE concentration-dependent colored precipitate on the S-layer surface. The investigation of patient sera previously tested with the CAP system confirmed the specificity of the S-layer-based dipstick assay. Since the dipstick is easy to handle and the whole test procedure takes only 90 min, this test system should be applicable for rapid determination of specific IgE and for first screening in the doctor's practice.
...
PMID:A novel dipstick developed for rapid Bet v 1-specific IgE detection: recombinant allergen immobilized via a monoclonal antibody to crystalline bacterial cell-surface layers. 972 28

A phage-displayed combinatorial peptide library was used to define the specificity of one of the three Src homology 3 (SH3) domains in a novel cytoskeletal protein, named CAP, for Cbl Associated Protein. The C-terminal SH3 domain was used to affinity select peptides with the consensus, PXPPXRXSSL, from a library of X6PXXPX6 peptides. Peptide sequences resembling this consensus were identified in two signal transduction proteins, c-Cbl and son-on-sevenless (Sos), previously shown to interact with the C-terminal SH3 domain of CAP. Genetic fusion of 16 and 14 amino acid segments of c-Cbl and Sos, respectively, to bacterial alkaline phosphatase confirmed that these segments were potential ligand sites for the C-terminal SH3 domain of CAP. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the c-Cbl peptide ligand confirmed that most of the residues, which were conserved among the peptide ligands selected from the combinatorial peptide library, contributed to binding to the C-terminal SH3 domain of CAP.
...
PMID:Molecular recognition properties of the C-terminal Sh3 domain of the Cbl associated protein, Cap. 989 38

We report four cases of Leydig cell tumor of the testis with a microcystic pattern that mimicked yolk sac tumor. The patients ranged in age from 27 to 35 years and, except for one tumor that was discovered incidentally, presented with testicular masses. All tumors were intratesticular, and three were well circumscribed by a rim of fibrous tissue, whereas one showed minor, focal extension into the adjacent testis. The tumors typically had a vaguely lobular architecture subdivided by fibrous bands. Three of the cases had a complex microcystic appearance caused by individually vacuolated cells and coalescent cystic spaces; this pattern accounted for the majority of two tumors. Another case had focal collections of Leydig cells with prominent cytoplasmic vacuoles but lacked the coalescent spaces. The microcyst contents ranged from optically clear to eosinophilic or lightly basophilic, with the latter having the staining qualities of acid mucopolysaccharide. Three tumors had uniform, bland nuclei and low mitotic rates (<1 mitotic figure per 10 high power fields), but one had marked, random nuclear pleomorphism and an average mitotic rate of five mitotic figures per 10 high power fields. By immunohistochemistry, all were diffusely positive for vimentin; two of three were positive for inhibin, and one showed focal positivity for cytokeratin (CAM 5.2). All were negative for alpha-fetoprotein and placentalike alkaline phosphatase and, apart from having microcystic and solid areas, lacked other features typical of yolk sac tumor. Clinical follow-up ranged from 2 months to 2 years with no patient having recurrence or metastasis. The distinction of Leydig cell tumor from yolk sac tumor has important clinical implications because patients with the former usually receive only clinical follow-up, but the latter often requires chemotherapy.
...
PMID:Microcystic Leydig cell tumors mimicking yolk sac tumor: a report of four cases. 1032 86


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>

---