Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Asteracantha longifolia Linn (Acanthaceae) plant extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and paracetamol-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice. Hepatotoxicity was induced by the administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of CCl4 (0.5 mL kg(-1) CCl4 in olive oil) in one model and in the other by administration of paracetamol (300 mg kg(-1) in saline) orally, after a 16-h fast. An aqueous extract of the whole plant (0.9 g kg(-1)) was used on a pre- and post-treatment basis. Asteracantha reduced the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level by 69.32% (P < 0.001) and increased the liver reduced glutathione level by 64.65% (P < 0.001) in the pre-treated group, 4 days after the administration of CCl4. A similar pattern was observed in the pre-treated group 4 h after the administration of paracetamol with a reduction in serum levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes by 65.04, 55.79 and 45.75% respectively (P < 0.001). Plant extract also increased the glutathione concentration of the liver significantly (P < 0.001). Histopathological studies also provided supportive evidence for results from the biochemical analysis with marked improvement in liver architecture being observed in the Asteracantha-treated groups. Pre-treatment showed better results than post-treatment in both hepatotoxic models. Overall results indicate that the aqueous extract of Asteracantha longifolia possesses hepatoprotective effects on CCl4- and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
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PMID:Protective effect of Asteracantha longifolia extract in mouse liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol. 1460 24

Amalkadi Ghrita (AG), a polyherbal formulation, was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in rats. The hepatoprotective activity of AG was evaluated by measuring levels of serum marker enzymes like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and acid phosphatase (ACP). The serum levels of total proteins and bilirubin were also estimated. The histological studies were also carried out to support the above parameters. Silymarin was used as standard drug. Administration of AG (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) markedly prevented CCl4-induced elevation of levels of serum GPT, GOT, ACP, ALP, and bilirubin. The decreased level of total proteins due to hepatic damage induced by CCl4 was found to be increased in AG-treated group. The results are comparable to that of silymarin. A comparative histopathological study of liver exhibited almost normal architecture, as compared to CCl4-treated group. Hepatoprotective effect of AG is probably due to combined action of all ingredients.
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PMID:Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Amalkadi Ghrita against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. 1501 85

Hepatoprotective efficacy of Kamilari, a polyherbal preparation was studied in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver dysfunction in albino rats by determining different biochemical parameters in serum and tissues. In serum, the activities of enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the concentrations of protein and bilirubin were evaluated. The concentrations of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids were studied in serum and different tissues. Here, a dose-dependent study was conducted and oral administration of Kamilari at a dose of 750 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the toxic effects of CCl4. From the observations, the conclusion drawn is that Kamilari stabilized the hepatic frame against the toxicity of CCl4.
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PMID:Preliminary evaluation of the antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari, a polyherbal formulation. 1503 76

The effect of Himoliv (HV) was evaluated in carbon tetrachloride or paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Liver necrosis was produced by administering single dose of either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 1 ml/kg, 50% v/v with olive oil, s.c.) or paracetamol (PC, 1 g/kg, p.o.). The liver damage was evidenced by elevated levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). HV pretreatment (0.5 and 1.0 ml/kg, p.o.) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced CCl4 or PC-induced elevations of the levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP and TBARS, while the reduced concentration of SOD due to CCl4 or PC was reversed. Silymarin (25 mg/ kg, p.o.), a known hepatoprotective drug showed similar results.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective effect of Himoliv, a polyherbal formulation in rats. 1526 56

In the present study, protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) have been evaluated on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided in three groups. Group I was used as control. Rats in group II were injected every other day with CCl4 for 1 month, whereas rats in group III were injected every other day with CCl4 and CAPE for 1 month. At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed by decapitation and blood samples were obtained. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and conjugated bilirubin levels and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined. For histopathological evaluation, livers of all rats were removed and processed for light microscopy. All biochemical parameters in serum and the hepatic MDA content were significantly higher in animals treated with CCl4 than in the controls. Rats treated with CCl4 and CAPE showed a significant reduction in biochemical parameters in serum and hepatic MDA content. Livers of rats treated with CCl4 showed classic histology of cirrhosis, whereas the histopathological changes were reduced after administration of CCl4 and CAPE. A normal lobular appearance was observed in livers in this group except for fatty degeneration. The results of our study indicate that CAPE treatment prevents CCl4-induced liver damage in rats.
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PMID:Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. 1535 Aug 11

The aim of this study was to examine the protective effects of melatonin against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group I was used as a control. Rats in group II were injected every other day with CCl4 for 1 month, whereas rats in group III were injected every other day with CCl4 and melatonin for 1 month. At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed by decapitation and blood samples were obtained. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total and conjugated bilirubin levels were determined. For histopathological evaluation, livers of all rats were removed and processed for light microscopy. All serum biochemical parameters were significantly higher in animals treated with CCl4 than in the controls. When rats injected with CCl4 were treated with melatonin, significantly reduced elevations in serum biochemical parameters were found. In liver sections of the CCl4-injected group, necrosis, fibrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, haemorrhage, fatty degeneration and formation of regenerative nodules were observed. Additionally, apoptotic figures, microvesicular steatosis and hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes were seen in this group. In contrast, the histopathological changes observed after administration of CCl4 were lost from rats treated with CCl4 and melatonin. Except for mild hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes, a normal lobular appearance was seen in the livers of this group. The results of our study indicate that melatonin treatment prevents CCl4-induced liver damage in rats.
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PMID:Protective effects of melatonin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: a light microscopic and biochemical study. 1538 34

Ethanolic extract of propolis was administered to rats intoxicated by carbon tetrachloride. Administration of bolus dose of CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, ip) resulted in elevation of serum transaminases and serum alkaline phosphatase activities. Levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation were significantly increased. On the contrary, there was significant decrease in hepatic reduced glutathione level. The propolis extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, po) exhibited recoupment in both pre- and post-treatment (prophylactic and curative studies) of biochemical changes induced by CCl4. The post treatment of 200 mg/kg, po extract showed most significant hepatoprotective effect. Histopathological studies showed damage in hepatocytes and disturbed chord arrangement after toxicant administration. Propolis extract (200 mg/kg, po) was found to be more effective in restoring CCl4 induced histopathological alterations.
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PMID:Effect of propolis extract on acute carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. 1551 Oct 3

The most important antioxidant aspect of selenium is its function in the active site of selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase not only allows the removal of the toxic radicals but also permits the regeneration of lipid molecules through reacylation in the cellular membrane. Thus, GSHPx may prevent the harmful effects of free radicals and may reduce the formation of the reactive metabolites of carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride is a hepatotoxic agent which generates haloalkane radicals during its biotransformation in the liver and is widely used to make the experimental model of hepatic damage. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the possible protective role of selenium on the experimental liver cirrhosis and some enzyme activities in blood plasma from rats. While the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), gamma-glutamyle transferase (GGT) activity was not statistically affected (p < 0.05) with carbon tetrachloride-injection. The levels of AST, ALT and GGT in carbon tetrachloride-group decreased to nearly the enzyme values in control-group after the selenium-injection but the ALP was increased (p<0.01). On the other hand, it was noticed that selenium significantly decreased the hepatic injury. In conclusion, our results showed that carbon tetrachloride caused an increase in the activities of liver enzymes in plasma and selenium application decreased the hepatic injury. Plasma levels of the liver enzymes were decreased after selenium-injections. Based upon these results, selenium may play an important role in the preventive indication of hepatic cellular injury inducted by carbon tetrachloride.
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PMID:Effects of selenium on histopathological and enzymatic changes in experimental liver injury of rats. 1558 Dec 76

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a volatile organic chemical, which causes tissue damage, especially to the liver and kidney. In experimental animals it has been shown to be carcinogenic. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of exogenous melatonin administration on the CCl4-induced changes of some biochemical parameters in rat blood. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: Control, CCl4 and CCl4 plus melatonin (CCl4+MEL). Rats in CCl4 group were injected subcutaneously with CCl4 0.5 ml/kg in olive oil while rats in CCl4+MEL group were injected with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) plus melatonin (25 mg/kg in 10% ethanol) every other day for one month. Control rats were treated with olive oil. Serum urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total and conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), total iron, and magnesium levels were determined. Serum AST, ALT, total and conjugated bilirubin, ALP, gamma-GT, and total iron levels were significantly higher in CCl4-treated rats than in the controls, while urea, total protein, and albumin levels were significantly lower. Melatonin treatment did not cause a significantly change in serum urea, total protein, and albumin levels. However, the elevations in AST, ALT, total and conjugated bilirubin, ALP, gamma-GT, and total iron levels induced by CCl4 injections were significantly reduced by melatonin. On the other hand, melatonin administration significantly decreased serum magnesium levels. These results indicate that melatonin could be a protective agent against the CCl4 toxicity in rats, most likely through its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects.
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PMID:Effects of melatonin on carbon tetrachloride-induced changes in rat serum. 1570 Jul 67

The hepatoprotective activity of an ethanolic extract of Commiphora opobalsamum ("Balessan") was investigated in rats by inducing hepatotoxicity with carbon tetrachloride:liquid paraffin (1:1). This extract has been shown to possess significant protective effect by lowering serum transaminase levels (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase), alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Pretreatment with an extract of Balessan prevented the prolongation of the barbiturate sleeping time associated with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. On the other hand, CCl4-induced low-level nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration in the liver was replenished by the Balessan extract. These data suggest that the plant C. opobalsamum may act as an antioxidant agent and may have a hepatoprotective effect.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective properties of Commiphora opobalsamum ("Balessan"), a traditional medicinal plant of Saudi Arabia. 1570 14


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