Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate phosphomonoesterase was isolated and partially purified from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Selkirk) leaves. The enzyme had KNADP value of 1.4 X 10(-4) M and a pH optimum of 5.9. In vitro activity of this enzyme was unaffected by precursors of NAD (nicotinamide and nicotinic acid) or cytokinins (kinetin and benzimidazole). However, when detached wheat leaves were treated with solutions of these compounds, the precursors lowered the specific activity while the cytokinins enhanced the activity. It is suggested that spatial separation and compartmentation of the enzyme and its substrate NADP account for the similar effect of benzimidazole on both.
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PMID:Effect of benzimidazole on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate phosphomonoesterase activity in wheat leaves. 0 13

The sum of the amounts of NAD + NADH was determined from the same acid tissue extract with the aid of a highly specific radioimmunoassay for 5'-AMP. NAD was converted to 5'-AMP via ADP-ribose by alkaline treatment while NADH was converted first to ADP-ribose by incubation of the acid extract at 25 degrees C followed by alkaline conversion to 5'-AMP. Removal of phosphate groups in NADP and NADPH by treatment of the extracts with alkaline phosphatase extended the procedure to the quantification of NADP(H). When combined with enzymic analyses of the oxidized coenzyme forms, NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH ratios could also be obtained from the same extracts. The sensitivity of the test allows quantification of pyridine nucleotides in the range of 0.1--10 pmol.
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PMID:Determination by radioimmunoassay of the sum of oxidized and reduced forms of NAD and NADP in picomole quantities from the same acid extract. 4 Jul 93

Ovarian cycle in albino rats was applied to ascertain the problem of the relationship between the salivary and endocrine glands, and also of the extent of participation of individual components of the salivary glands with different functional orientation in the endocrine regulation of individual components of the salivary glands. The content of protein, mucopolysaccharides, DNA, and RNA, the activity of NAD- and NADP-diaphorase, alkaline phosphatase, malate and isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-leucine-aminopeptidase was studied. Cytospectrophotometric analysis showed that synchronous changes in the activity of the enzymes under study occurred in all the portions of the salivary glands, depending on the ovarian cycle phases. Of the four successive phases of the cycle the greatest activity of the enzymes and of the protein and mucopolysaccharide content was noted during the proestrus and metaestrus. Different metabolic processes were observed in the salivary ducts in comparison with other parts of the gland; this was apparently connected with peculiarities of the secretion and hormone production.
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PMID:[Quantitative histoenzymologic characteristics of the submaxillary salivary glands of white rats during an ovarian cycle]. 14 76

Experiments were conducted on young rabbits by the histochemical methods; the activity of NAD-, NADP-diaphorases, cytochromoxidase and alkaline phosphatase was studied in the osteoblasts 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after combined radiation trauma. It appeared that a bone fracture led to an increase in the level of metabolic and energic processes in the osteoblasts as soon as in 12 hours. Irradiation of the animals depressed the activation (caused by the fracture) of all the enzymes investigated.
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PMID:[Enzymatic activity in the osteoblasts of rabbits following combined trauma]. 17 42

The enzyme histochemical characteristics of osteoclasts in imprints of the metaphyseal regions of femurs, from male kittens aged approximately 18 weeks, were investigated. A selected number of enzymes representative of a variety of metabolic pathways were studied. The enzyme profile, time for the first appearance of detectable reaction product, intensity of the reactions, and localization of the reaction products were noted. Osteoclasts are rich in enzymes, and metabolic pathways are well developed in respect of the utilization of the reduced coenzymes NADP and NADPH, succinic, malic, lactic, and isocitric acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose-6-phosphate, the reactions being mediated by the diaphorases and dehydrogenases. The activities of acid and neutral phosphatases, non-specific esterases, and leucine naphthylamidase were high in these cells. However, little or no activity was demonstrated in respect of glutamate and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases or of aryl sulphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical properties of kitten osteoclasts in bone imprint preparations. 21 79

Improved histochemical techniques for the demonstration of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in tissue sections are described. With these techniques a semipermeable membrane is interposed between the incubating solutions and the tissue sections preventing diffusion of enzymes into the medium during incubation. In the histochemical system the NADP+-dependent enzymes catalyze the electron transfer from threo-Ds-isocitrate or L-malate into NADP+. Phenazine methosulphate and menadione serve as intermediate electron acceptors between reduced coenzyme and nitro-BT. Sodium-azide and amytal are incorporated into the incubating-medium to block electron transfer to the cytochromes. For demonstrating enzyme activities in sections containing non-specific alkaline phosphatase, a phosphatase inhibitor is added into the incubation media. Problems involved in the histochemical demonstration of both enzymes are discussed.
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PMID:Semipermeable membranes for improving the histochemical demonstration of enzyme activities in tissue sections. V. Isocitrate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) and malate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating). 23 22

1. Rate sedimentation and isopycnic centrifugation were used to analyse the subcellular sites of enzymes in homogenates of goldfish intestinal mucosa. 2. The results allowed the following allocations to be made: carnitine acetyl transferase-mitochondrial and peroxisomal, xanthine dehydrogenase and NAD: alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase soluble phase, NADP: isocitrate dehydrogenase soluble phase and mitochondrial, and 2-naphthyl laurate hydrolase microsomal and/or brush border. 3. Histochemistry confirmed the use of alkaline phosphatase and 1-naphthyl acetate esterase as brush border and microsome markers respectively. 4. Urate oxidase, allantoinase, allantoicase, xanthine oxidase and glycollate/lactate oxidase, activities were undetectable, and 1-naphthyl palmitate hydrolase was present only as a contaminant from pancreas.
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PMID:Intestinal peroxisomes of goldfish (Carassius auratus)--examination for hydrolase, dehydrogenase and carnitine acetyltransferase activities. 31 95

Enzyme histochemical techniques were applied to frozen sheep uteri from different stages of the oestrous cycle. The localization and activities of succinate, lactate, glucose-6-phosphate, and isocitrate (NADP+) dehydrogenases and acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied in the luminal and glandular epithelia, caruncle and myometrium. Enzyme activity in the sections was scored on a scale of 0--5. In general the enzyme activity in the uterine caruncles and epithelia was higher than in the myometrium. The myometrium did not show any alkaline phosphatase activity and isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity was negligible. The low activities of acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and the moderate levels of glucose-6-phosphate and succinate dehydrogenases in the myometrium were constant. The caruncular tissue showed high levels of phosphatases and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, moderate levels of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, and low levels of isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) throughout the oestrous cycle. Much lower phosphatase and isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) levels were found in the epithelium of deep glands compared with superficial glands. The high activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the luminal epithelium and the superficial glands was constant from mid-cycle to ovulation, but a significant decrease was observed immediately after ovulation. The level of dehydrogenases in epithelia was generally high and did not change during the oestrous cycle.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry of the sheep uterus during the oestrous cycle. 54 17

A histochemical study has been made of the postovulatory follicles of fowl (Gallus domesticus) during their various stages of development and degeneration. The lumen of postovulatory follicle shows granulosa cells at their initial formative stages and both thecal and stromal cells at the later regressive stages. The granulosa and thecal cells develop diffuse lipoproteins, cholesterol-positive lipids and various enzyme activities (delta5-3beta-HSDH, NAD-NADP-diaphorases and alkaline phosphatase), which are indicative of steroidogenesis.
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PMID:Histophysiological studies on the postovulatory follicles of the fowl ovary. 67 57

In the cells of RH, SPEV and HEp-2 lines irradiated with 6.5 mm radiowaves of 1 mW/cm2 flux density the following phenomena were established: activation of succinate dehydrogenase and ATPase; reduction of cytochrome oxidase, NAD- and NADP-diaphorase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities; repression of 3H-thymidine incorporation in DNA and of 3H-uridine incorporation in RNA; violation of ultrastructure; suppression of cellular proliferation; decrease of mitotic activity; occurrence of pathological forms of mitosis.
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PMID:[Biological oxidation in cells exposed to microwaves in the millimeter range]. 68 31


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