Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purification of the pregnancy zone protein by means of immunoadsorbents is described. The pregnancy zone protein antibody was isolated from an absorbed rabbit antiserum and coupled with CNBr-activated sepharose. The pregnancy zone protein was isolated from pregnancy serum by the specific antibody cross-linked with sepharose. Contaminating serum proteins were eliminated by "inverse" immunoadsorption using antibodies against these proteins coupled with sepharose. An immunoelectrophoretically pure pregnancy zone protein was obtained. By means of a combination of immunoprecipitation and enzyme reaction in agar gel could be excluded that the pregnancy zone protein possesses activities of the following 11 enzymes: ceruloplasmin, leucine amino peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, carboxylic esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, acetyl cholinesterase and oxytocinase.
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PMID:[Isolation of "pregnancy-zone" proteins using immuno absorbents and study of possible enzyme activities]. 17 12

Thirty-five ovarian tumors were examined (7 granulosa-cell tumors, 2 thecomas, 4 dysgerminomas, 6 mucinous cystadenomas, 10 serous cystadenomas, 2 adenocarcinomas, 3 Krukenberg tumors and 1 early embryonic tumor). The granulosa-cell tumors showed high activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and the changed cells of their stroma--that of glucose-6 phosphate and isocitrate dehydrogenases. The activity of the latter enzymes was striking also in thecomas. Dysgerminomas showed high alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activities. The authors emphasize the role of stromal cells in the hormonal activity of ovarian neoplasms.
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PMID:Histochemistry of hormonally active ovarian tumors. 17 58

Literature on the biochemical effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) is reviewed. The effects of OCs on concentrations of mineral elements ( calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc), vitamins (ascor bic acid, folic acid, and Vitamins-B6, B12, and E), hormones, (gonadotro pins, progesterone, estrogens, androgens, corticosteroids, aldosterone, renin-angiotensin, insulin, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, catecholamines, and prolactin), amino acids and proteins (free amino acids, tryptophan, metalloproteins, hormone-binding proteins, miscellaneous serum proteins, and blood coagulation factors), carbohydra tes (glucose tolerance tests, glucose metablism and other carbohydrates) , lipids (total serum lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol), and enzymes (aminotransfereases, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamyltransferase) are reviewed. Changes induced by combined, sequential, and low-dose OCs in 116 biochemical parameters are summarized in a table.
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PMID:Biochemical effects of oral contraceptives. 18 Jul 84

The morphology, cytochemistry, metabolism, and bactericidal function of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from a patient with subacute myelogenous leukemia were evaluated. The patient's mature PMN were deficient in granules and staining reactivity for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alkaline phosphatase (LAP). These cells killed Staphylococcus aureus in an abnormal pattern when they were challenged with various increasing multiples of bacteria per neutrophil. At a low ratio of challenge (1.25 bacteria per neutrophil) the MPO-LAP-deficient PMN killed only 18 +/- 6 per cent (mean +/- 1 S.D.) (normal, 79 +/- 7) of the initial bacterial inoculum. As the PMN were challenged with higher ratios of bacteria per cell, the bactericidal effectiveness of the hypogranular PMN improved. At a 50:1 ratio the patient's cells killed within the normal range (28 +/- 10 per cent vs. normal of 48 +/- [mean +/- 1 S.D.]). Although rates of glucose oxidation and oxygen consumption by patient or control PMN stimulated with comparable ratios of heat-killed bacteria were the same, only minimal metabolic enhancement was produced in the MPO-LAP-deficient PMN by lower ratios. In contrast, higher ratios produced a marked increase in both of these metabolic activities indicating a major metabolic response to multiple ingestions by the patient's PMN. These observations may reflect the activation of compensatory microbicidal mechanisms available to the MPO-LAP-deficient PMN only when challenged by large multiples of bacteria.
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PMID:Abnormal pattern of bactericidal activity of neutrophils deficient in granules, myeloperoxidase, and alkaline phosphatase. 18 7

A survey of Salmonella typhimurium enzymes possessing phosphatase or phosphodiesterase activity was made using several different growth conditions. These studies revealed the presence of three major enzymes, all of which were subsequently purified: a cyclic 2' ,3'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.d), an acid hexose phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), and a nonspecific acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2). A fourth enzyme hydrolyzed bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate but none of the other substrates tested. No evidence was found for the existence of an alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) or a specific 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) in S. typhimurium LT2. All three phosphatases could be measured efficiently in intact cells, which suggested a periplasmic location; however, they were not readily released by osmotic shock procedures. The nonspecific acid phosphatase, which was purified to apparent homogeneity, yielded a single polypeptide band on both sodium dodecyl sulfate and acidic urea gel electrophoretic systems.
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PMID:Resolution and purification of three periplasmic phosphatases of Salmonella typhimurium. 19 12

The regulation of three Salmonella typhimurium phosphatases in reponse to different nutritional limitations has been studied. Two enzymes, an acid hexose phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) and a cyclic phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.d), appear to be regulated by the cyclic adenosine 3' ,5'-monophosphate (AMP) catabolite repression system. Levels of these enzymes increased in cells grown on poor carbon sources but not in cells grown on poor nitrogen or phosphorus sources. Mutants lacking adenyl cyclase did not produce elevated levels of these enzymes in response to carbon limitation unless cyclic AMP was supplied. Mutants lacking the cyclic AMP receptor protein did not produce elevated levels of these enzymes in response to carbon limitation regardless of the presence of cyclic AMP. Since no specific induction of either enzyme could be demonstrated, these enzymes appear to be controlled solely by the cyclic AMP system. Nonspecific acid phsphatase activity (EC 3.1.3.2) increased in response to carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur limitation. The extent of the increase depended on growth rate, with slower growth rates favoring greater increases, and on the type of limitation. Limitation for either carbon or phosphorus resulted in maximum increases, whereas severe limitation of Mg2+ caused only a slight increase. The increase in nonspecific acid phosphatase during carbon limitation was apparently not mediated by the catabolite repression system since mutants lacking adenyl cyclase or the cyclic AMP receptor protein still produced elevated levels of this enzyme during carbon starvation. Nor did the increase during phosphorus limitation appear to be mediated by the alkaline phosphatase regulatory system. A strain of Salmonella bearing a chromosomal mutation, which caused constitutive production of alkaline phosphatase (introduced by an episome from Escherichia coli), did not have constitutive levels of nonspecific acid phosphatase.
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PMID:Regulation of two phosphatases and a cyclic phosphodiesterase of Salmonella typhimurium. 19 13

Various enzyme activities involved in the active transport system, glycolysis, and digestion were assayed in various parts of the gastrointestinal tracts of germfree, conventional, and gnotobiotic rats associated with indigenous bacteria. The activity levels of alkaline phosphatase, glucose 6-phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and disaccharidases in the upper small intestine were highest in all parts of the gastrointestinal tracts of various kinds of gnotobiotic, conventional, and germfree rats. Alkaline phosphatase, glucose 6-phosphatase, and adenosine triphosphatase activities in the upper small intestine of germfree rats were, respectively, 2.3-, 2.9-, and 1.7-fold higher than those in conventional rats. Similar to the results of these enzymes, sucrase, maltase, trehalase, and lactase activities in the upper small intestine of germfree rats were, respectively, 1.6-, 1.5-, 2.3-, and 1.8-fold higher than those in conventional rats. In various gnotobiotic rats, enzyme activity levels were intermediate between those in germfree and conventional rats. These findings suggest that those enzymatic activities are strongly depressed by the association with the indigenous microorganisms in the epithelial mucosa of the upper small intestine of rats. The levels of pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were highest, respectively, in the stomach, cecum, and the upper small intestine and cecum in all parts of the gastrointestinal tracts in various kinds of gnotobiotic, conventional, and germfree rats. It was also shown that six kinds of gastrointestinal bacteria, including lactobacilli, significantly depressed the enzyme activity levels to levels between those of the germfree and conventional rats in the upper small intestine of gnotobiotic rats.
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PMID:Intestinal enzyme activities in germfree, conventional, and gnotobiotic rats associated with indigenous microorganisms. 20 6

The protective and curative effects of dietary iron and ascorbic acid on chronic (180 days) cadmium toxicity in rats were examined. Growth retardation and anemia were observed in rats fed a diet containing 50 ppm of cadmium for 180 days; during this period the contents of iron in the liver, kidney, spleen, testis, intestine, and tibia decreased and the zinc contents of the liver and kidney increased, but the calcium content of bone did not change. Addition of 400 ppm of iron and 1% of ascorbic acid to the cadmium-containing diet overcame the growth retardation and anemia due to cadmium toxicity and reduced the tissue levels of cadmium; however, it did not restore the zinc contents in the liver, kidney, and bone to normal. Similar effects were observed when these compounds were added to cadmium containing diet for 90 days after feeding the cadmium diet alone for 90 days. The glutamic-pyruvic transminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transminase activities in the plasma of rats fed the cadmium diet increased significantly and these increases were prevented by supplementing the diet with iron and ascorbic acid. Glucose, urea, and alkaline phosphatase in the plasma and glycogen in the liver were not changed by feeding the cadmium diet for 180 days. These results indicate the long-term effectiveness of supplementing the diet with iron and ascorbic-acid for preventing and curing dietary cadmium toxicity in rats.
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PMID:Long-term effectiveness of dietary iron and ascorbic acid in the prevention and cure of cadmium toxicity in rats. 21 Jun 49

The effect of in vivo exposure of a sublethal concentration (0.01 mg/l) of endrin on the activities of acid, alkaline and glucose-6-phosphatases in the liver and kidney of Ophiccephalus punctatus was studied. The period of exposure was twenty days. In the liver, alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities were decreased but acid phosphatase was stimulated. Kidney showed stimulation in the activity of all the three phosphatases.
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PMID:The effect of in vivo exposure of endrin on the activities of acid, alkaline and glucose-6-phosphatases in liver and kidney of Ophiocephalus (Channa) punctatus. 21 92

Xenopus laevis (Daudin) adult specimens were submitted to hypophysectomy. Although the operation resulted subtotal, it served the purpose of removing the prolactin-producing cells, whereby the involvement of endogenous prolactin in osmoregulation phenomena was excluded. In the operated animals treated with ovine prolactin the following metabolic parameters, which are closely dependent upon interrenal activity, were estimated: 1) intestine alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity (E.C. 3.1.3.1); 2) liver glycogen level; 3) glucose-6-phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.9.) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (E.C. 4.1.1.32.) in the liver; 4) blood glucose level; 5) blood ammonia and urea levels; 6) carbamoylphosphate synthetase activity in the liver (E.C. 2.7.2.a); 7) muscle sodium and potassium levels. The above metabolic parameters were found to be pressed by subtotal hypophysectomy and after subsequent prolactin treatment showed the tendency to go back to values similar to those of control animals.
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PMID:Biochemical data on subtotally hypophysectomized Xenopus laevis (Daudin) adult specimens treated or not with prolactin. 21 25


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