Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors examined 2 groups of patients treated in the Department of Dermatology in Lublin: I--acne phlegmonosa patients, II--alopecia areata patients. In the I group the zinc content was examined in hair using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method (ASA). The results obtained with this method were analysed in comparison with the zinc content in serum measured indirectly by the alkaline phosphatase activity. In the II group the zinc levels were determined in serum using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method and next the results were compared with the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum in these patients. The correlation was stated between both the zinc level in hair, in serum and the alkaline phosphatase activity in serum.
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PMID:[Study of the zinc content of hair and serum in selected skin diseases]. 167 26

A rapid and convenient chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus has been developed which uses low cost equipment. Assays were carried out on transparent microtitre plates and used an anti-human IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Bound peroxidase was detected chemiluminescently using a p-iodophenol-luminol-peroxide reagent. Light emission from the wells of the microtitre plate was detected on instant photographic film (ASA 20,000) held in a specially designed shutter type camera. The semi-quantitative technique was tested in a routine laboratory for a period of 7 wk and the results obtained compared well (95.3% agreement) with those obtained by a conventional colorimetric ELISA using an alkaline phosphatase label.
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PMID:A rapid chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G antibodies using instant photographic film. 300 16

The role of extracellular matrix as a determinant of intestinal cell maturation was explored by growing a normal, but immature, rat small intestinal cell line (IEC-6) on basement membrane extract from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma cells (ECM). Grown on plastic or glass, these cells are relatively immature and proliferate rapidly. In contrast, cells on ECM attached more rapidly, stopped proliferating, and rapidly organized into multicellular complex structures. Ultrastructurally, cells grown on ECM displayed significantly more mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, apical microvilli, and complex golgi apparatus, consistent with greater maturity and synthetic activity. By indirect immunofluorescence, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellular apolipoprotein B were present in cells grown on ECM only. In contrast to cells grown on glass, these cells also demonstrated Na-dependent glucose absorption, a function unique to mature villus cells (7). We conclude that the basement membrane may be a key determinant of intestinal epithelial cell maturation. The development of a mature villuslike intestinal cell in vitro may have wide application for future studies of induction and regulation of intestinal maturation and function.
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PMID:Differentiation of rat small intestinal epithelial cells by extracellular matrix. 334 2

Interference by some commonly used analgesic and antirheumatic drugs in the spectrophotometric and colorimetric assays of serum enzymes was examined. None of the investigated methods was significantly influenced by caffeine, phenacetin, ibuprofen or indomethacin. Acetylsalicylic acid affected the continuous assays of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (with pyruvate as substrate), and the colorimetric assay of alanine aminotransferase. Aminophenazone interfered with the colorimetric method for determination of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, while phenobarbital interfered only with the continuous method for lactate dehydrogenase (with L-lactate as substrate). Ketoprofen interfered with the colorimetric assays of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase, while diclofenac affected the continuous assay of aspartate aminotransferase. None of the tested drugs interfered with the continuous methods for the determination of alkaline phosphatase and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.
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PMID:Effects on analgesic and antirheumatic drugs on the assay of serum enzymes. 649 17

110 patients with various arthropathies, mostly rheumatoid arthritis, treated with salicylates, were investigated for the presence of signs of liver disease attributable to this drug. An increased serum alkaline phosphatase level was observed in 9 of 96 ASA-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, this alteration could not be related to the use of salicylates, nor to the ingestion of any other antirheumatic drug. The hyperphosphatasemia persisted during a three-year follow-up in five of the nine patients.
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PMID:Prevalence of liver disease in patients taking salicylates for arthropathy. 720 70

A general anaesthetic drug that fulfils requirements for use under difficult circumstances is the inhalation agent halothane-diethyl-ether (HE) azeotrope. Although both halothane and diethyl ether have been described in detail, their effect on the liver when given together as an azeotrope has not been systematically characterised. The effect on liver function was evaluated and compared with the effects of halothane anaesthesia (H) and spinal anaesthesia with tetracaine (S), the last named serving as controls. The series consisted of 33 healthy men (ASA 1-2) receiving no medication and scheduled for inguinal hernia repair. The patients were randomly allocated to receive HE, H or S. The following parameters were estimated the day before surgery and on the first postoperative day: liver cell metabolism (bile acids, unconjugated bilirubin), cell integrity (aminotransferases), synthesizing capacity (Prothrombin complex), cholestasis (conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase), and global liver function (chenodeoxycholic load test). No major differences emerged between the groups. Unconjugated bilirubin was increased in all groups. Prothrombin complex activity was reduced in all groups. Conjugated bilirubin was increased in the H group. The oral bile acid load test and the fasting bile acid were unaltered by anaesthesia in all groups. No major impact on liver cell function was seen in the early post-operative period after HE azeotrope anaesthesia. The findings support our view that HE azeotrope could be considered as an alternative anaesthetic agent under field conditions.
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PMID:Liver function and halothane-diethyl-ether azeotrope anaesthesia. Re-evaluation of an obsolete drug with special reference to early postoperative effects. 772 82

5-Aminosalicylic acid-O-sulfate (5-ASA sulfate), a new agent for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the large intestine, was investigated for its pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties, following local and systemic application. 5-ASA sulfate can be considered as a non-toxic agent after single oral intake in rats (14-day LD50 > 6000 mg/kg b.w.). Oral application of 2500 mg 5-ASA sulfate/kg b.w./d for 28 days to rats resulted in significantly increased body weight gain and food and water consumption. Alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase values were elevated in high-dosed (2500 mg/kg b.w./d p.o.) males. Relative liver weights were significantly increased in high-dosed males and females and the macroscopical inspection revealed thickened liver margins. The no-effect level following 28 days of oral application to rats was determined as 500 mg 5-ASA sulfate/kg b.w./d. In acute local tolerance studies in rabbits, 5-ASA sulfate is rated as non-irritant to the skin and the eye. After a single oral administration of 1800 mg 5-ASA sulfate to 5 healthy human test subjects, 5-ASA sulfate was almost completely metabolized by all test subjects within 3 days; mean urinary and faecal excretion of unchanged 5-ASA sulfate amounted to only 6.7% of the administered dose. A high faecal excretion of the active metabolite 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) (21.2% of the administered dose) and a low urinary excretion (1.4% of the administered dose) were observed.
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PMID:Experimental studies on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of 5-aminosalicylic acid-O-sulfate following local and systemic application. 774 89

The aim of this study was to determine the role of ECM components of bone in regulating the differentiation and function of cells of the osteoblast lineage. Rat UMR 201 cells, phenotypically preosteoblast, were plated onto plastic tissue culture dishes or dishes coated with gelled type I collagen or reconstituted basement membrane (matrigel). Acute cell attachment assays showed that cells adhered to substrates in the following order: collagen > matrigel >> plastic. Proliferation rate up to 96 hr were similar on each substrate. However, if cells were treated with 10(-6) M retinoic acid (RA), proliferation rates were reduced compared with control for cells grown on collagen and matrigel but not on plastic. Morphological changes were matrix-specific; in subconfluent cultures, long thin processes were seen with cells grown on collagen and a pattern of interconnecting cell processes formed when cells were plated on matrigel. Striking differences were observed in the constitutive or RA-induced gene expression of cells grown on the different substrates. When cells plated on collagen were treated with RA, induction of mRNA for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as ALP enzyme activity were much less than with cells grown on plastic. In contrast, RA treatment induced osteopontin (OP) mRNA expression more strongly in cells plated on collagen compared with plastic within 24 hr and this was maintained for 72 hr. RA treatment produced a two fold increase of pro-alpha 1(I) collagen mRNA in cells grown on plastic and matrigel but not in cells grown on collagen. Growth on collagen produced changes in the way UMR 201 cells responded to RA from which they did not fully recover in subsequent 48-hr growth periods on plastic. These results indicate that ECM components regulate the function of and are capable of modulating RA-induced differentiation of preosteoblasts.
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PMID:Cell substratum modulates responses of preosteoblasts to retinoic acid. 822 57

Transdifferentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes into osteogenic cells was induced in 14 day chick embryo femurs by cutting through the region of hypertrophic cartilage. The process was studied in organ culture, using electron microscopy, staining for alkaline phosphatase, immunocytochemistry of collagen type I and proliferative cell nuclear antigen, and in situ localization of DNA strand-breaks. In addition, DNA and RNA synthesis were studied by 3[H]-T and 3[H]-U radioautography. Loss of ECM components from the cut edge occurred in culture. During the 12 day period necessary for transdifferentiation we observed phenotypic instability and bi-potentiality, the death of some cells and the gradual promotion of the osteoblastic phenotype in the survivors. Transition from chondrocytic to osteoblastic phenotype progressed stepwise, through variable mosaic intermediates, and involved a few cell cycles including asymmetric (differential) divisions. Proliferating and apoptotic cells were found in close proximity. As judged by the relative proportion of apoptotic cells and composition of the surrounding intralacunar matrix, negative selection of intermediate cell types displaying chondrocytic and altered mosaic phenotypes occurred. When the osteoblastic lineage was finally established, apoptotic cells were no longer present. Our hypothesis is that after disruption of cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions and lack of growth factors certain cells are selected and channelled through proliferation into the new stable phenotype. This process is targeted by the environment through a set of pre-determined steps.
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PMID:Epigenetic selection as a possible component of transdifferentiation. Further study of the commitment of hypertrophic chondrocytes to become osteocytes. 879 45

Patients with epilepsy on long term antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy deserve special consideration not only concerning seizure control but also the effect on anaesthetic metabolism and hepatorenal functions. In the present study, we examined the effects of sevoflurane anaesthesia on plasma inorganic fluoride (F-) level and hepatorenal function in patients with and without AED therapy. Twenty-two patients (12 with AEDs = AED group, and ten without AEDs = control group = C group), ASA I, who were free of hepatorenal disease, received approximately 2-3 h sevoflurane anaesthesia. Plasma F- analysis was performed at the stages of: 1) induction of anaesthesia, 2) conclusion of anaesthesia, 3) 15 h after the conclusion of anaesthesia, using an ion-selective electrode calibrated with a standard solution of sodium fluoride. Pre- and postoperative hepatic (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin) and renal (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine) function was tested. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the average age (AED group = 9.4 and control group = 10.1 y.o.), body weight, duration of anesthesia, and MAC hours (2.6 and 2.4). The mean peak F- levels were 15.5 and 13.6 microM, in AED and C groups (not significant), respectively. No patient exhibited F- values greater than 50 microM, the hypothetical nephrotoxic threshold. The patients showed no abnormal values either in hepatic or renal function tests postoperatively. These results suggest approximately 2-3 h sevoflurane anaesthesia to be safe in patients taking AEDs.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics and biotransformation of sevoflurane in paediatric patients during antiepileptic drug therapy. 888 Aug 18


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