Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of vitamin C deficiency on various enzymes of the intestinal epithelium has been studied in guinea pigs. Brush border sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were considerably enhanced (p less than 0.001), but leucine aminopeptidase levels were reduced in scorbutic animals compared to the control group. There was essentially no change in the activity of maltase under these conditions. Kinetic studies with sucrase and alkaline phosphatase in control and scorbutic animals revealed that augmentation of the enzyme activities in scurvy is due to enhanced enzyme contents. Lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase and Mg+2 ATPase also exhibited reduced activities in the intestine of vitamin-C-deficient animals. Observed alterations in the activities of intestinal enzymes in scurvy were restored to control levels upon feeding of vitamin C to scorbutic guinea pigs.
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PMID:Alterations in the activities of intestinal enzymes in vitamin-C-deficient guinea pigs. 627 90

Isozyme patterns of 23 different enzymes were compared in normal, benign, and malignant breast tissues; in MCF-7 cells; and in organoids of normal human breast tissue. Benign lesions generally showed isozyme patterns similar to those of normal tissues. Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme 5 was significantly increased in malignant tumors; MCF-7 cells had only lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate:NAD oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.27). The mitochondrial form of malate dehydrogenase was also significantly increased in human malignant tumors; this was especially evident when comparing tumor and apparently uninvolved breast tissue from the same patient. The K4 isozyme of pyruvate kinase was the major form in most malignant breast tumors, but in only 41% of normal tissues, 30% of fibrocystic disease specimens, and 46% of fibroadenomas. A more anodal band of pyruvate kinase, probably a K3M or K3Kpm hybrid, predominated in most normal and benign tissues, but in only 63% of primary and 56% of secondary tumors. All specimens had predominantly creatine kinase BB, aldolase A4, and hexokinase I. Traces of aldolase A3C and of hexokinase II were observed in some tumors. None of the tumors had the Regan variant of alkaline phosphatase. The isozymes of lactate and malate dehydrogenases and of pyruvate kinase appear to be the most promising as putative tumor markers.
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PMID:Isozyme patterns of normal, benign, and malignant human breast tissues. 664 May 38

Serum biochemical analyses were done on F344 rats in the early and late stages of mononuclear cell leukemia. There were marked increases in serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Increases in these parameters generally were more severe in the late stages of leukemia. Both direct and indirect-reacting bilirubin were increased with the unconjugated form predominating early and the conjugated form predominating late in the course of the disease. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme determination correlated with histological examination indicated that liver damage was responsible for the observed changes. Urinalysis revealed marked hemoglobinuria, bilirubinuria and increased urine urobilinogen. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed marked reductions in the alpha globulin fractions.
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PMID:Pathology of the mononuclear cell leukemia of Fischer rats. III. Clinical chemistry. 664 40

The following investigation was undertaken to study the location in the dental plaque and calculus of certain enzyme activities and to compare the patterns obtained with those of the normal hard tissue formation. Supragingival and subgingival calculus attached to the root surfaces of 30 extracted teeth was studied. The root with its deposits was frozen rapidly in a mixture of hexane and solid CO2 (-75 degrees C). From the frozen block, sections were cut and incubated for histochemical demonstration of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. The plaque seemed to be stratified with regard to enzyme activity. Three different layers could be identified. In the basal layer, approximately 100 microns thick, enzyme activity was low. Lactate dehydrogenase activity could be identified in some sections, but no phosphatase activity. In the middle layer lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities were found in most of the sections. The superficial layer usually showed lactate dehydrogenase but not always acid or alkaline phosphatase activities. The results of the present investigation may suggest that the mineralization of the dental plaque is not only a passive mineralization of dead bacteria, but also an active process promoted by enzymes in the covering bacterial layers.
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PMID:An enzyme histochemical study of dental plaque and calculus. 696 68

For the purpose of describing early chondrogenic metabolic and structural events, measurements were made of oxidative and other enzymatic activities at various stages in the morphologic development of chondrocytes over a period of 18 to 20 days in continuous cell culture. Comparisons were also made between cells grown in 20% O2 and in 35% O2. These cultures exhibited rapid confluence (within 24 hours), early development of cartilaginous nodules by Day 2 to 3 and metachromatic staining of the chondrocyte matrix by Day 3 to 4. Under 35% O2, cell sheets were thicker and there was increased pleomorphism of chondrocyte and fibroblast cell types, with a relative increase of fibroblast components and reduction in chondroblasts and chondrocyte aggregates. Using the von Kossa staining procedure, calcium salt deposition was observed by Day 9. There was no apparent difference in mineralization of cultures grown under the low and high O2 tensions. Under normoxic conditions cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities increased rapidly for the first three to four days and then remained essentially constant. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased continuously over the life of the culture. Acid phosphatase increased rapidly until about Day 13 after which it remained constant, whereas alkaline phosphatase showed a bimodal activity profile. Under hyperoxic conditions, cytochrome oxidase, MDH and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly inhibited. LDH and acid phosphatase activities were markedly inhibited initially but with time showed a degree of recovery.
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PMID:Development of chick limb bud chondrocytes in cell culture: morphologic and oxidative metabolic observations. 701 57

During a long-term study in the rat some enzyme activities were determined in plasma, lung, spleen and skeletal muscle. Twelve rats of each sex were investigated every 49 days from 35 until 1115 days of life. Lactate dehydrogenase in lung and spleen decreases; in muscle and plasma, however, the activity varies considerably. Malate dehydrogenase in the tissues remains nearly unchanged apart from distinct peaks in the first year of life; in plasma the activity takes an M-shaped course. In contrast to the changes of glutamate dehydrogenase in the tissues with a tendency to diminish, this enzyme increases in plasma during the lifetime. Aspartate aminotransferase activity in the tissues, except muscle, varies with a rhythmical behaviour, and in plasma shows a gradual increase. Alanine aminotransferase in lung and spleen has two activity peaks. In muscle this enzyme varies only slightly after a steep initial decrease. In plasma the activity has a tendency to rise. Creatine kinase in the tissues reveals several activity peaks. In plasma the activity course is U-shaped. Adenylate kinase in spleen and lung rises, whereas in muscle the activity varies considerably. The nearly identical decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity in the tissues during ageing is also reflected by a concomitant behaviour in plasma. Leucine arylamidase in lung and muscle both have a U-shaped characteristic, whereas in spleen the activity changes in a shorter period. In plasma, a rhythmical behaviour is apparent. Aldolase in plasma tripled during the observation period. Except for lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase, distinct sex-differences are observed in plasma. With progressive age the animals suffer increasingly from characteristic diseases, which beside experimental components have influenced the enzyme pattern. Enzyme activities in plasma and tissues show a complex pattern and are only of limited importance in understanding the ageing process.
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PMID:Long-term observation of plasma and tissue enzyme activities in the rat. 720 25

"Declamping shock" is observed after aortic crossclamping, with hypovolemia, hypotension, and metabolic acidemia invariably present. We hypothesized that oxidants derived from xanthine oxidase influence the resuscitative interventions required to maintain baseline hemodynamic and acid-base status after aortic occlusion and reperfusion in rabbits. We also hypothesized that inactivation of xanthine oxidase with sodium tungstate could reduce systemic injury as assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. To test these hypotheses, we established aortic occlusion in rabbits (n = 10, standard diet; n = 8, tungstate diet) for 40 minutes by inflation of a 4F Fogarty catheter in the descending thoracic aorta followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Sham-operated rabbits (n = 10, standard diet; n = 9, tungstate diet) served as controls. Tungstate-pretreated rabbits required significantly less Ringer's solution (28%), phenylephrine (68%), and sodium bicarbonate (30%) during reperfusion (p < 0.005). Lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase release during reperfusion was significantly attenuated by tungstate pretreatment (p < 0.05). Tungstate pretreatment resulted in plasma xanthine oxidase activities significantly lower than those in the sham group administered a standard diet (p = 0.007). Resuscitation requirements and systemic injury were reduced by inactivation of xanthine oxidase in a rabbit model that simulates the situation of human thoracic aorta operations.
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PMID:Xanthine oxidase inactivation attenuates postocclusion shock after descending thoracic aorta occlusion and reperfusion in rabbits. 756 38

Enzymes of blood serum with regard to length of work were studied in poultry farmers with exogenous allergic alveolitis (EAA). The results demonstrated decrease of alkaline phosphatase and creatine phosphokinase in patients with length of work ranging from 1 to 20 years. Lactate dehydrogenase level was increased in patients who had been working at the farm for 1-5 and 11-15 years while activities of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase were found to be raised in patients with 11-15 and 16-20-year history of service respectively. Study of non-specific physiological reactivity of the body, namely of enzymes, in poultry farmers with EEA evidences development of metabolic disorders consisting in alterative and protective mechanisms and dysfermentosis.
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PMID:[The enzyme activity in the blood serum of poultry farmers with extrinsic allergic alveolitis]. 806 23

Rats were tested in the forced swim test to evaluate the effects of duration of exposure (0, 5, 15, or 25 min), and water temperature (0, 35, 30, 25, or 20 degrees C), on a variety of physiological measures. Serum corticosterone, glucose, lactate, phosphorus levels, and the anion gap (a measure of acid-base status) were increased significantly, whereas carbon dioxide and potassium levels were consistently decreased by testing, as was the potassium/phosphorus ratio; creatinine, triglycerides, and magnesium were not altered significantly in any study. Effects on prolactin, amylase, lipase, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, and chloride were inconsistent. Levels of serum corticosterone were increased at each duration of testing, and the increments were significantly higher than the previous duration. Corticosterone levels were also increased in proportion to decreasing water temperature, but the increments were not significantly different from the previous or following temperatures. Glucose levels were increased at every duration and at every water temperature with the exception of the coldest water temperature. Lactate and phosphorus levels and the anion gap were all increased, whereas carbon dioxide levels decreased after 5 min of immersion. Potassium levels did not decrease until some time after 5 min of testing. Immobility times were marginally correlated with corticosterone levels (r = -0.38) but were highly correlated with serum carbon dioxide (r = 0.59), potassium (r = 0.67), and phosphorus levels (r = -0.73); the correlation between immobility times and the ratio of potassium/phosphorus was 0.82. The potassium/phosphorus ratio accounted for 67% of the variance in immobility. These high correlations were interpreted in terms of acid-base changes associated with testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Physiological correlates of the forced swim test in rats. 837 26

Assisted circulation in severe cardiogenic shock was evaluated using a reservoir and a single pump without an oxygenator in 88 dogs. Study groups included: no treatment, substrates only (cysteine, ribose), nitroprusside, left ventricular (LV) + right atrial (RA) bypass + substrates, LV + RA bypass, left atrial (LA) + RA bypass, LA bypass, LV bypass, LV + RA + fluosol. Metabolic studies of O2 consumption, acid and alkaline phosphatase, lactate, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), myocardial depressant factor (MDF), and tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were done in the course of 4-hour treatment periods followed by 2-hour observation periods. Best survival at 4-hour and 6-hour levels were achieved in LV + RA bypass. Cysteine and ribose reduced survival when added to the pump supported (LV + RA bypass) group. Cysteine/ribose improved survival over the no treatment group. O2 consumption increased significantly in the groups with best survival but remained unchanged from control or shock levels when cysteine/ribose were added. Unusually high levels of CPK, acid and alkaline phosphatase, and MDF occurred in both groups receiving cysteine/ribose, indicating significant organ damage correlating with poor survival. Lactate levels were less predictive. Heart tissue ATP levels were higher in groups with good survival. Liver ATP levels were lower in high survival groups. Lung ATP did not differ between groups.
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PMID:Circulatory assist techniques in cardiogenic shock: metabolic aspects. 850 74


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