Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antiinflammatory, antioxidant activity of taurine and niacin against cyclophosphamide-induced early lung injury in rats was investigated. A single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide markedly altered the levels of several biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: total protein, albumin, angiotensin converting enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lipid peroxidation product were significantly elevated. In contrast, decreased levels of total reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid were observed. Cyclophosphamide significantly increased malondialdehyde levels in serum and lung. Significant increases in lung content of lipid hydroperoxides were seen that paralleled the decreased levels of total reduced glutathione and total sulfhydryl groups. Pretreatment of rats with daily intraperitoneal injection of taurine plus niacin 7 days prior to and 2 days after cyclophosphamide insult significantly inhibited the development of lung injury, prevented the alterations in lavage fluid biomarkers associated with inflammatory reactions, with less lipid peroxidation and restoration of antioxidants. In conclusion, our results suggest that taurine and niacin in combination is efficient in blunting cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary damage.
...
PMID:In vivo administration of taurine and niacin modulate cyclophosphamide-induced lung injury. 786 92

Cyclophosphamide, and antineoplastic drug, and vitamin E, the common antioxidant present in the diet, were administered in separate dosages and in combination to animals (rats) with fibrosarcoma, metastatic tumor of the connective tissues, induced. The anticancer drug (20 mg/kg body weight) and the vitamin-E (400 mg/kg body weight) was administered for a period of 28 days from the day of tumor transplantation. The individual and the combined effects of these two substances were investigated by checking the growth of the tumor. Tumor markers like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamate pyruvate transminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase were analyzed for the changes in their concentration in serum, liver, and kidney to assess the success of the therapy. The increased level of the enzymes in the fibrosarcoma-suffering rats (GPII) was reduced by cyclophosphamide treatment (GP III) and vitamin E administration (GP IV). Among the treated groups, the combination therapy (GP V) showed greater efficacy in the treatment of fibrosarcoma than did individual administration, as there was more reduction in the levels of enzymes in Group V than those in to Groups III and IV. The enzyme levels were brought to near the normal level.
...
PMID:Effect of administering cyclophosphamide and vitamin E on the levels of tumor-marker enzymes in rats with experimentally induced fibrosarcoma. 853 10

Changes of bone turnover with aging are responsible for bone loss and play a major role in osteoporosis. Although an increase of bone turnover has been documented at the time of menopause, the subsequent abnormalities of bone resorption and formation and their potential role in determining bone mass in the elderly have not been investigated. To address this issue, we have measured a battery of new sensitive and specific markers of bone turnover in a population-based study of 653 healthy women analyzed cross-sectionally, including 432 women postmenopausal from 1 to 40 years, and the data were correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at different skeletal sites. Bone formation was assessed by serum osteocalcin (OC), serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), serum C-propeptide of type I collagen (PICP), and bone resorption by the urinary excretion of two pyridinoline cross-linked peptides (NTX and CTX). Bone turnover increased in perimenopausal women with both irregular menses and elevated serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Menopause induced a 37-52% and 79-97% increase in the bone formation and bone resorption marker levels, respectively (p < 0.0001 except for PICP). In postmenopausal women, bone formation markers did not decrease with age. When resorption markers were corrected by whole body bone mineral content (BMC), the fraction of bone resorbed per day was not correlated with age in postmenopausal women and remained elevated for up to 40 years after menopause. In premenopausal women, the bone turnover rate accounted for only 0-10% of the variation in whole body BMC, total hip, distal radius, and lumbar spine BMD. With increasing time after menopause, the importance of the bone turnover rate as a determinant of bone mass increased at all sites and accounted for up to 52% of the BMD variance in elderly women. Thus, in women 20 years or more postmenopause, bone turnover was higher in those in the lowest quartile than in those in the highest quartile of BMD. In elderly women, 20 years since menopause and over, but not in younger ones, serum PTH was negatively correlated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r = -0.22, p < 0.05) and explained only 5-8% of the bone turnover variance (p < 0.01-0.001). These data indicate that the overall rates of both bone formation and bone resorption remain high in elderly women. The rate of bone turnover appears to play an increasing role as a determinant of bone mass with increasing time since menopause with a high bone turnover rate being associated with a low bone mass. Thus assessing bone marker levels may be useful in the evaluation of osteoporosis risk. In elderly women, secondary hyperparathyroidism caused in part by reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D appears to be a marginal determinant of an increased bone turnover rate.
...
PMID:Increased bone turnover in late postmenopausal women is a major determinant of osteoporosis. 885 44

In Paget's disease of bone, the normal lamellar bone is replaced by a woven structure with an irregular arrangement of collagen fibers. In this study, we investigated whether the degree of beta-isomerization within C-telopeptide of alpha 1 chain of type I collagen was altered in Paget's disease compared with other bone diseases with no alteration of bone structure. In Paget's disease (n = 26), but not in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 6) or hyperthyroidism (n = 17), the urinary excretion of nonisomerized (alpha) fragments derived from degradation of type I collagen C-telopeptide (CTX) was markedly increased compared with beta-isomerized CTX (+ 13-fold vs. + 3.5-fold over controls) resulting in an urinary alpha CTX/beta CTX ratio 3-fold higher than in controls (2.6 +/- 1.0 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.3, p < 0.001). In five pagetic patients in complete remission, as demonstrated by normal total alkaline phosphatase activity, the alpha CTX/beta CTX ratio was normal. The immunohistochemistry of normal and pagetic human bone sections showed a preferential distribution of alpha CTX within woven structure, while lamellar bone was intensely stained with an anti-beta CTX antibody, suggesting a lower degree of beta-isomerization of type I collagen in the woven pagetic bone. In collagenase digest of human bone specimens, we found a lower proportion of beta-isomerized type I collagen molecules in pagetic bone (40% of beta CTX) than in normal bone taken from trabecular (68%) and cortical compartments (71%). In conclusion, we found that in Paget's disease the alpha CTX/beta CTX ratio in bone and in urine is markedly increased. This altered beta isomerization can be accurately detected in vivo by measuring urinary degradation products arising from bone resorption.
...
PMID:Decreased beta-isomerization of the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen alpha 1 chain in Paget's disease of bone. 928 56

The effect of exercise training, particularly relatively brief periods, on bone turnover markers in adolescents has been poorly studied. Thirty-eight healthy males (16+/-0.7 years) participated in a 5-week summer school program in which 20 subjects were randomly assigned to a training group consisting of 2 h/day, 5 days/week of endurance exercise, and 18 subjects were assigned to a control group. Bone formation was assessed by measurements of circulating osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), and the C-terminal procollagen peptide (PICP). Bone resorption was assessed by urinary levels of free deoxypyridinoline cross-links (dPYR) and the C-(CTX) and N-terminal (NTX) telopeptide cross-links. Prior to training, there was a weak positive correlation between fitness and PICP (r = 0.27, p < 0.05), but no correlations were observed between fitness and either the other markers of bone formation or bone resorption. Training led to a significant increase in (1) osteocalcin (15+/-4%, p < 0.03), (2) BSAP (21+/-6%, p < 0.02), and (3) PICP (30+/-11%, p < 0.03) and to a significant decrease in NTX (-21 +/- 3%, p < 0.05). These bone turnover markers did not change in the control subjects (osteocalcin, 0+/-4%; BSAP, 2+/-4%; PICP, -4 +/- 6%; NTX, -6 +/- 4%). There was no change in urinary dPYR and CTX in either control or trained subjects. Fitness is only weakly, if at all, correlated with bone formation, but a relatively brief period of endurance training leads to a substantial increase in bone formation markers in adolescent males. School-based, short-term exercise training programs could play a role in enhancing bone formation in adolescents.
...
PMID:Evidence for increased bone formation following a brief endurance-type training intervention in adolescent males. 933 32

Effect of cyclophosphamide administration (100 mg/kg body weight, ip, for 5 consecutive days) was studied on albino rat testis and epididymidis after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. Cyclophosphamide decreased testis and cauda epididymidal weights, sperm count, motile and viable spermatozoa and increased percentage of abnormal spermatozoa. The biochemical changes observed in the testis include increase in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities and decrease in proteins and activity of lactate dehydrogenase. The levels of lipids and total cholesterol were not affected. In the epididymidis cyclophosphamide caused decrease in the tubular diameter and increase in its epithelial height. It is concluded that cyclophosphamide brings about structural and biochemical changes in the testis and epididymidis.
...
PMID:Cyclophosphamide-induced structural and biochemical changes in testis and epididymidis of rats. 941 79

Aqueous extracts from various crude drugs showing a selective inhibition on the induction or effector phase of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction were applied to the new model of liver injury induced in mice by picryl chloride(PCl)-induced DTH. The inhibiting drugs to the induction phase of DTH, Fructus Triburi (FT) and Er-Miao-San (EMS), showed a remarkable improvement against the elevation in serum transaminase levels as well as in histopathological changes when given during this phase. The administration in the effector phase by Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) and Cortex Dictamni (CD), selectively inhibiting the phase of DTH, also significantly improved the liver damage. In addition, RSG and CD showed an almost complete recovery of serum alkaline phosphatase from a persistent decrease in the sustaining process of liver injury when given consecutively for 4 weeks after the elicitation of liver injury. Cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive agent, significantly inhibited the enzymatic elevation given in either phase, while it did not affect the ability to sustain liver injury. When the above extracts were given in a combined manner to the same mouse during these two phases, respectively, FT with RSG and EMS with CD showed a distinct synergism against the liver injury. RSG or CD also enhanced the activity of prednisolone in suppressing PCl-induced ear contact sensitivity. These findings suggest that this immunological liver injury may be regulated by a set of selective suppressants to DTH reaction and the suitable application of such agents may pave the way for a new strategy in treating liver damage.
...
PMID:A new strategy for regulating the immunological liver injury--effectiveness of DTH-inhibiting agents on DTH-induced liver injury to picryl chloride. 944 32

To evaluate the clinical utility of recently developed biochemical markers in the assessment of bone metabolism during GnRH agonist (GnRHa) treatment, we compared five bone resorption markers [C-telopeptide (CTX) and N-telopeptide (NTX) of type I collagen, hydroxyproline (Hpr), pyridinoline (Pyr), and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr)] and two bone formation markers [total alkaline phosphatase (Alp) and osteocalcin (OC)]. Sixty-eight normally menstruating women were injected with a long-acting GnRHa once a month for 24 weeks for the treatment of endometriosis or leiomyoma. The mean percentage bone loss at the lumbar spine was 3.79% at the end of treatment. Although levels of all markers increased significantly as the treatment progressed, CTX and NTX exhibited the highest correlation coefficients between bone loss at 24 weeks and the seven markers measured at 0, 4, 12, 16, and 24 weeks of treatment. Serum estradiol levels were similarly suppressed during the treatment in both fast losers (whose bone loss was more than the mean) and slow losers (whose bone loss was less than the mean). However, significantly higher z-scores of bone resorption markers, but not of bone formation markers, were observed in the fast losers at 24 weeks of treatment, suggesting a more accelerated bone resorption in this group. Whereas the three highest z-scores at 24 weeks of treatment were CTX, NTX, and Dpyr (in that order), the highest z-score (P < 0.05) was observed for CTX in the fast losers. The subjects in the highest quartile of CTX, the highest, and second highest quartiles of NTX at 24 weeks of treatment experienced 2.1, 2.2, and 1.7 times more bone loss (P < 0.001), respectively, than those in the lowest quartiles. Furthermore, the subjects in the highest quartile of both CTX and NTX experienced 3.6 times more bone loss (P < 0.001) than those in the lowest quartile of both markers. These results indicate that both CTX and NTX are useful and sensitive markers for bone resorption in a hypoestrogenic state induced by GnRHa.
...
PMID:The effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on type I collagen C-telopeptide and N-telopeptide: the predictive value of biochemical markers of bone turnover. 946 36

Long-term spaceflights induce bone loss as a result of profound modifications of bone remodeling, the modalities of which remain unknown in humans. We measured intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium; for bone formation, serum concentrations of bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), intact osteocalcin (iBGP), and type 1 procollagen propeptide (PICP); for resorption, urinary concentrations (normalized by creatinine) of procollagen C-telopeptide (CTX), free and bound deoxypyridinoline (F and B D-Pyr), and Pyr in a 36-year-old cosmonaut (RTO), before (days -180, -60, and -15), during (from days 10 to 178, n = 12), and after (days +7, +15, +25, and +90) a 180-day spaceflight, in another cosmonaut (ASW) before and after the flight. Flight PTH tended to decrease by 48% and postflight PTH increased by 98%. During the flight, BAP, iBGP, and PICP decreased by 27%, 38%, and 28% respectively in CM1, and increased by 54%, 35%, and 78% after the flight. F D-Pyr and CTX increased by 54% and 78% during the flight and decreased by 29% and 40% after the flight, respectively. We showed for the first time in humans that microgravity induced an uncoupling of bone remodeling between formation and resorption that could account for bone loss.
...
PMID:Bone formation and resorption biological markers in cosmonauts during and after a 180-day space flight (Euromir 95). 951 Aug 65

To determine the mechanism of bone loss after cardiac transplantation (CTX), we studied 50 men 0.5-47 months after CTX (ages 18-64 years) who received prednisolone and cyclosporin to prevent rejection, and 40 healthy men as controls (ages 20-70 years). We measured bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone resorption using urinary cross-linked N-terminal telopepides of type I collagen (NTx), and bone formation using osteocalcin (BGP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP). The results from the controls were used to calculate z scores. BMD was significantly decreased at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total body, and bone turnover was significantly increased as assessed by NTx/creatinine, BGP, and BAP as compared with controls (p < 0.01 for all measurements). To evaluate the cause of the increased bone turnover we measured serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) by IRMA, and this was also elevated (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between serum PTH and BGP (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). To evaluate the cause of the increase in PTH, we measured serum calcium and it was decreased (p < 0.001), serum phosphorus was increased (p < 0.001), serum creatinine was increased (p < 0.001), and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D, RIA] was decreased (p = 0.03). Serum PTH correlated weakly with serum calcium (r = -0.41, p < 0.003) and with serum creatinine (r = 0.35, p = 0.01). There was a weak, but significant, correlation between serum creatinine and 1,25(OH)2D3 (r = 0.33, p = 0.03). Serum levels of testosterone and dehydroapiandrosterone sulfate were decreased after CTX but did not correlate with any other parameters. There was a weak negative correlation between prednisolone daily dose and serum BGP level (r = 0.29, p = 0.06) in those patients whose prednisolone current dose was >7.5 mg/day. We conclude that: (1) the low BMD found after CTX is associated with increased bone turnover which results, in turn, from renal impairment; (2) prednisolone is involved in rapid bone loss, whereas mild secondary hyperparathyroidism may be a major contributor to disorder of bone remodeling after this rapid loss; and (3) decreased androgen levels may not be a major factor resulting in bone loss in men after CTX.
...
PMID:Mechanisms of bone loss after cardiac transplantation. 951 19


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---