Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vitamin D nutrition in pregnancy was investigated in 115 Asian women living in London, and in 50 of their newborn infants. Mean serum 25-hydroxy cholecalciferal (25-OHD) concentration at the beginning of the last trimester was 20.2 nmol/l, and fell to 16.0 nmol/1 post partum. Thirty-six per cent of the women post partum and 32 per cent of the infants had undetectable 25-OHD concentrations (less than 3 nmol/l). Such low values are commonly associated with osteomalacia and rickets. The bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 20 per cent of the women post partum, and in 50 per cent of the infants, indicating the presence of sub-clinical bone disease. Five infants had symptomatic hypocalcaemia. Vitamin D deficiency was most likely to occur in Pakistanis, Hindu Indians and East African Asians, and in vegetarians. All British Asians should receive supplementary Vitamin D during pregnancy.
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PMID:Observations on the vitamin D state of pregnant Asian women in London. 745 87

Vitamin D dependent rickets type II is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the vitamin D defective receptor. More than 200 patients with different types of lower limb deformities were detected in a rural area of the Cauca department in the southwest part of Colombia. Patients were well nourished and in good physical condition in spite of their deformities. None of them presented alopecia, myopathy, seizures or aminoaciduria. Serum analysis showed significantly lower serum calcium as compared to normal relatives, though in the normal low range, normal phosphorus, high alkaline phosphatase, normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and high 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, indicating target organ resistance. The cDNA analysis showed normal nucleotide sequence. We suggest that our patients represent a distinct form of receptor-positive resistance to vitamin D. This report is the first extensive study on this class of patients.
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PMID:Vitamin D dependent rickets type II and normal vitamin D receptor cDNA sequence. A cluster in a rural area of Cauca, Colombia, with more than 200 affected children. 758 52

The effect of low dose prednisone on calcium and bone metabolism was evaluated in 8 healthy, young, male volunteers. Sodium and calcium intake were kept stable during the whole study period of 7 weeks. Week 0 was the baseline period; during week 1, 3 and 5 prednisone (10 mg/day) was given, during week 3 together with 500 mg elementary calcium and during week 5 with 4000 IU vitamin D on alternate days. During week 2, 4 and 6 no medication was given. No changes occurred in fasting urinary excretion of calcium or hydroxyproline, nor in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, 25-Vitamin D, PTH, creatinine and inorganic phosphorus. A rapid decrease of serum osteocalcin during prednisone intake was found (p<0.01). This dip also occurred during prednisone and vitamin D treatment, but did not occur when calcium was added to prednisone, although the baseline value was lower at the start of combined treatment with prednisone and calcium. Serum calcium decreased during prednisone (p<0.05), but when prednisone was given together with calcium, an increase of serum calcium was found (p< 0.05). It is concluded that 10 mg prednisone/day decreases bone formation, as shown by its effect on osteocalcin, while no influence is seen on bone resorption. Thus, prednisone, even when used in low doses, influences bone metabolism by uncoupling bone formation (decreased) and bone resorption (unchanged). These data suggest that the Cs-associated decrease in serum osteocalcin and in serum calcium does not occur during calcium suppletion.
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PMID:Changes in calcium and bone metabolism during treatment with low dose prednisone in young, healthy, male volunteers. 758 78

To assess the long-term effect of vitamin D or calcium supplementation on the skeletal metabolism of aging laboratory rodents, 1.5-month-old female Wistar rats were fed with diets containing twice the concentration of vitamin D (group 2) and of calcium (group 3) as in the usual rat chow. Follow-up to 24 months of age did not show significant differences between the enriched-diet groups and the controls (group 1) in terms of the vertebral body weight and protein content. Significantly higher bone mineral contents were found in groups 2 and 3 than were found in controls, as revealed by an increased bone mineral density (BMD: +62%, group 2; +48%, group 3) and vertebral calcium content (+73%, group 2; +84%, group 3). The vertebral alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity was significantly lower in the enriched diet groups than in controls (-47%, group 2; -45%, group 3). The ratio alkaline phosphatase/acid phosphatase activity was markedly reduced in groups 2 and 3 (-57% and -59%, respectively), which might indicate a diminished rate of bone turnover. The trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) decreased in all groups during senescence, being significantly elevated in group 3 as compared to controls. Vitamin D and calcium dietary supplementations increase the axial mineral bone content in laboratory rats and might reduce the bone turnover. Their influence on the trabecular bone volume has yet to be examined.
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PMID:Calcium and vitamin D enriched diets increase and preserve vertebral mineral content in aging laboratory rats. 765 72

The bone histology of renal osteodystrophy is classified into osteitis fibrosa, osteomalacia, those of mixed, osteoporosis and low turnover bone. Osteitis fibrosa is the most frequent skeletal abnormality and is caused by various degrees of hyperparathyroidism. The main factors inducing hyperparathyroidism which is a well known complication in patients with renal failure include (a) phosphorus retention: 1) hypocalcemia and 2) decreased levels of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2 Vitamin D3, (b) reduced number of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2 Vitamin D3 receptors in parathyroid tissue, (c) skeletal resistance to set-point for calcium-regulated parathyroid hormone secretion. Serum or plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase are measured to evaluate hyperparathyroidism and metabolic bone disease. Dietary phosphorus restriction in chronic renal insufficiency prevents secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy. Other treatment of phosphorus binders, Vitamin D metabolites or analogues, carcitonin and bisphosphonate are useful for the management of renal bone disease.
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PMID:[Secondary hyperparathyroidism and tertiary hyperparathyroidism chronic renal failure, uremia]. 775 92

Immunocytochemistry using a specific monoclonal antibody 9A7 gamma was used to identify receptors for calcitriol (1,25 (OH)2 D3), the active metabolite of vitamin D, in sections of duodenal mucosa. Specific staining for vitamin D receptors was largely restricted to nuclei of enterocytes lining crypts in duodenal biopsy specimens from normal mucosa. Vitamin D receptors were also abundant in crypts from duodenal mucosa in coeliac disease patients with mucosal damage and villous atrophy. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase, a vitamin D regulated protein, was absent from crypts but present on brush borders of normal villi, and on surface enterocytes in coeliac disease. Oestrogen receptor could not be identified in duodenal mucosa. These findings suggest that calcium malabsorption in coeliac disease does not result from the absence of vitamin D receptors, but rather from reduction in vitamin D regulated proteins and functions essential for active calcium absorption that are located in the enterocytes of the villi.
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PMID:Localisation of vitamin D receptor in normal human duodenum and in patients with coeliac disease. 795 27

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is associated with osteopenia. However, the individual variation in recovery in bone mass after surgery is large. Therefore, modes of prediction of the increase in bone mass after parathyroid surgery were investigated. Preoperatively and at one year after surgery bone mineral content (BMC) in the distal radius was measured with single photon absorptiometry technique in 40 patients with pHPT. Serum levels of calcium, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and Vitamin D metabolites were also determined. Preoperatively, Z-score of BMC was -0.85 +/- 1.20 SD below the normal mean. There was a modest association between BMC and serum levels of osteocalcin (r = -0.34; P < 0.05), and dihydroxycholecalciferol (r = -0.35; P < 0.05). At one year after surgery, mean BMC increased by 2% (P < 0.05), but with a wide dispersion. Preoperative Z-score of BMC correlated with the relative change in BMC (r = -0.33; P < 0.05). An increase in BMC with 95% confidence was evident in 10 of the patients. None of these patients had a preoperative Z-score of BMC above the mean expected for age and sex. We conclude that the increase in bone mass after surgery for pHPT is small and evident only in a portion (approximately 25%) of patients. Hence, a decrease in bone mass should not be a major indication for surgery in pHPT.
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PMID:Prediction of changes in bone density after operation for primary hyperparathyroidism. 812 72

The osteoporotic syndrome is characterized by a reduction in quantity (osteopenia) and damage of the quality (microarchitecture) of bone mineralization. These are heterogeneous disturbances caused by multiple not well known metabolic causes. It is diagnosed by the presence of bone deformations or non-traumatic fractures. The early detection of osteopenia is important and it is considered that individuals whose bone mineral density (BMD) is lower than 80% of the normal value, are more exposed to fractures. Serum alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyproline and urinary pyridolines are biochemical markers. Nutritional aspects and physical movements are emphasized to obtain a larger bone mass, specially during the growing period. It is absolutely necessary to ingest enough quantity of calcium and in the southern regions of the country consumption of Vitamin D must be increased. Therapeutical resources tend to prevent osteopenia more effectively. Estrogens are greatly used in postmenopausic women for the prevention but not for the treatment of osteoporosis once established. They are effective but there still exist some doubts about the innocuousness of long term treatments. Calcitonines increase vertebral mineralization temporarily and may be used as alternatives of replacement hormonal therapies. Bisphosponates present different mechanisms, for example, pamidronate is not cytotoxic and for this reason does not interfere in the remodelling process, which is absolutely necessary to maintain or improve the architectural quality of the bone. The effect of bisphosphonates on mineralization is lasting. As they are new drugs, they have not yet been definitely approved in every country. Fluorine salts have always produced controversial results, some favourable initial effects do not prevent adverse consequences in a long treatment. Vitamin D, gallium nitrate and ipriflavone produce fairly good results, which must still be compared with those of the more active agents. The use of other drugs (tamoxifeno, parathormone, growth factors, thiazide and inhibitors of the proton pump) is still under development. It is concluded that osteoporosis is a pathologic process of ageing, for which there are pharmaceutical products available, specially to prevent osteopenia and bone damage.
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PMID:[Osteoporosis. Detection, prevention, and treatment]. 824 34

Vitamin D-deficiency has been observed among immigrant children with rickets and osteomalacia in Western Europe. So vitamin D-status in 34 children and juveniles (17 girls, 17 boys) of African and Asian diplomats staying in West Germany only for a certain time is examined. During summer 1989 plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is measured. According to their native country the subjects are divided into three groups: I North Africa (n = 7), II Central Africa (n = 18), III Asia (n = 9). No clinical signs of rickets or osteomalacia are detected. All plasma levels of calcium and phosphate are in the normal range so as most of the values of the alkaline phosphatase. In Group I 85.7% (n = 6), group II 77.8% (n = 14) and group III 44.4% (n = 4) have decreased values of 25-OHD whereas most strikingly elevated amounts of 1,25-OH2D are measured in 57.1% (n = 4) of the subjects in group I, 66.7% (n = 12) in group II and 11.1% (n = 1) in group III. Normal values for both 25-OHD and 1,25-OH2D are rare: one case (11.1%) in group I, no case in group II, four cases (44.4%) in group III. The influence of the time staying in West Germany on vitamin D-status, a possible dietary lack due to inadequate nutrition, the role of skin pigmentation and a potential genetic abnormality of vitamin D-metabolism is discussed to explain the results.
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PMID:[Vitamin D status of children and adolescents of African and Asian diplomats in Germany]. 830 4

Persistent hypercalcemia attributable to parathyroid gland hyperplasia was identified in 6 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism. Clinical signs included polydipsia (n = 4), polyuria (n = 4), and signs caused by cystic calculi (n = 3). Abnormal clinical pathologic findings included hypercalcemia (mean, 13.6 mg/dl; range, 12.6 to 14.7 mg/dl; n = 6), hypophosphatemia (mean, 2.2 mg/dl; range, 1.4 to 2.9 mg/dl; n = 6), high serum alkaline phosphatase activity (mean, 222 IU/L; range, 161 to 286 IU/L; n = 3), and isosthenuria (mean, 1.012; range, 1.006 to 1.017; n = 6). Serum parathyroid hormone concentration was within the reference range or high (mean, 23 pmol/L; range, 7 to 119 pmol/L; reference range, 1.5 to 13 pmol/L) in all dogs. At surgery, the number of large parathyroid glands was variable, being limited to 1 gland in 3 dogs, 2 glands in 2 dogs, and 4 glands in 1 dog. All visibly large parathyroid glands were surgically removed from each dog. Serum calcium concentration decreased into or below the reference range within 72 hours of surgery in all dogs, confirming the diagnosis of primary parathyroid disease. Multiple nodules of adenomatous hyperplasia were identified in each dog. All 6 dogs were treated with vitamin D and calcium carbonate following surgery. The dog from which all 4 parathyroid glands were removed has remained eucalcemic for more than 1 year with vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D and calcium administration was discontinued within 4 to 12 weeks of surgery in the remaining 5 dogs. These dogs remained eucalcemic without vitamin D supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Primary parathyroid gland hyperplasia in dogs: six cases (1982-1991). 847 30


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