Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Calciferol therapy for 12 months in white, Asian, and West Indian schoolchildren resulted in a highly significant increase in height and weight when compared with schoolchildren not so treated. The rate of fall of serum alkaline phosphatase was similar in both the treated and untreated schoolchildren and in other children treated in hospital for rickets. Dietary studies on 9% of the total survey by weighed inventory methods showed a low average intake of vitamin D, while random estimates of 25-hydroxycalciferol levels on 6% of the children were less than 3.8 ng/ml in 40% of those studied (principally Asian). It was concluded that there was a significant problem of vitamin D deficiency among Asian and West Indian teenagers and that white children were also affected to a less degree.
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PMID:Rickets, growth, and alkaline phosphatase in urban adolescents. 454 74

A study of the frequency of admitted cases of femoral neck fractures to Riyadh Central Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, showed admission of 95 patients over 40 years of age in a period of one year. The male to female ratio was 64% males to 36% females. Vitamin D nutritional status of patients with fractures of the neck of the femur expressed as 25-(OH)D3 was significantly lower (5.9 +/- 2.9 ng/ml) than of controls (9.7 +/- 4.7 ng/ml). Comparison of the housing types of both patients and controls showed that those living in traditional mud houses have significantly lower levels of 25-(OH)D3 than those occupying villas or flats. A third group of patients with low stores of vitamin D were exposed to natural ultraviolet light for a short period. This resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum 25-(OH)D3 and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity. It is concluded that low levels of serum 25-(OH)D3 may play a role in the pathogenesis of femoral neck fractures in elderly Saudis and this may be due to minimal exposure to natural ultraviolet irradiation.
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PMID:Is avoidance of sunlight a cause of fractures of the femoral neck in elderly Saudis? 650 7

The effect of prolonged breast-feeding on the serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase was studied longitudinally in 7 infants from Northern Norway. They were exclusively breast-fed for a median of 7 1/2 months. Three of the mothers were supplemented with vitamin D throughout lactation. All but one of the infants had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels in the rachitic range (less than 20 nmol/l) on at least one occasion. Vitamin D supplementation of the mother had no apparent effect on the infants' 25-OHD levels, but the values increased during summer. The infant who had the lowest 25-OHD levels also had decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) concentrations, while the others maintained 1,25-(OH)2D levels within normal limits. 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations were undetectable when the 25-OHD levels were below 35 nmol/l, but the two metabolites were closely correlated for higher values of 25-OHD. Low 25-OHD levels were associated with decreased phosphate concentrations at 6 months. The calcium levels were normal throughout the study period of one year, as were all but two of the alkaline phosphatase values. Although none of the infants had clinical or biochemical evidence of rickets, the results suggest that the vitamin D supply from human milk is inadequate, and that routine vitamin D supplementation is advisable for breast-fed infants who are deprived of sunlight exposure.
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PMID:Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in exclusively breast-fed infants at 70 degrees north. 654 35

The author reports on the effects of different doses of retinol acetate on ovarian steroidogenesis. Two groups of CBA/C57BL mice with a mean body weight of 18-20 g received 3.44% oily retinol acetate per os in daily doses of 50 000 and 80 000 IU for 10 days. After completion of the experiments the quick-frozen sections of the ovaries were subjected to a histochemical assay for the content of 3-beta-ol-steroid dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Administration of 50 000 IU vitamin A was found to stimulate ovarian steroidogenesis. The effect of vitamin A was the most demonstrable in the interstitial tissue, atretic corpora, and, in the internal theca of the follicles. Administration of 80 000 IU retinol acetate inhibited ovarian steroidogenesis. The estrous cycle in animals ceased. Administration of vitamin A (80 000) primarily affected the follicular apparatus of the ovaries, namely the epithelium of the follicles and yellow bodies. At the same time secretory function of atretic corpora and interstitial tissue remained within normal, which was regarded as a compensatory-adaptive mechanism under toxic hypervitaminosis A.
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PMID:[Effect of high doses of retinol acetate on the 3-beta-ol-steroid dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase content in mouse ovaries]. 657 18

Osteocalcin is a vitamin K-dependent protein, synthesized in bone, which can be detected in serum. We have measured circulating osteocalcin levels in 10 patients with x-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and in 6 patients with autosomal recessive vitamin D dependence (ARVDD) who started 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] therapy. Patients with XLH were studied before and after 7-12 months of therapy that included 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10-72 ng/kg x day) and oral phosphate. Serum osteocalcin rose from 28 +/- 12 to 52 +/- 12 ng/ml (mean +/- SE; P less than 0.01) in concert with improvements in biochemical status and bone mineralization. Vitamin D therapy was withdrawn for 2 weeks from patients with ARVDD. The vitamin D-deplete status was evidenced by low 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels (12 +/- 2 pg/ml; n = 6). After 1 week of therapy with 1,25-(OH)2D3, serum calcium rose from 9.03 +/- 0.21 to 9.67 +/- 0.25 mg/dl (P less than 0.002), while serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase remained unchanged. Serum osteocalcin rose from 35 +/- 7 to 83 +/- 32 ng/ml (P less than 0.05). At 3 weeks, serum calcium remained elevated (9.63 +/- 0.18 ng/dl) over control levels (P less than 0.01); phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were still unchanged. Serum osteocalcin rose to 114 +/- 42 ng/ml, significantly greater than values at 1 week (P less than 0.05). Thus, serum osteocalcin increases after 1,25-(OH)2D3 therapy in both ARVDD and XLH.
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PMID:Serum osteocalcin in the treatment of inherited rickets with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 660 Nov 11

Physiological and clinical aspects are discussed in this review on calcium-phosphate metabolism in pre-term infants. Calcium accumulation in the bone mass of the foetus is related to the gestational age, and mainly occurs during the last weeks of gestation. Therefore, after birth, hypocalcemia is more frequent in pre-term than term infants. However, clinical symptoms of hypocalcemia, e.g. attacks of apnea, hyperexcitability and hypotonia, are rarely observed. Such symptoms depend upon the serum concentration of ionized calcium and this concentration is influenced by various metabolic factors. During the first two weeks of life phosphate is elevated in comparison to later periods. In spite of sufficient vitamin D supplementation low serum phosphate levels occur due to insufficient supply of phosphate. This correlates with evidence of rickets. An increased alkaline phosphatase activity can be considered an early and sensitive indicator. Pre-term infants develop rickets more frequently than term infants due to calcium-phosphate deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation alone is insufficient and should be combined with phosphate, as had been stated previously.
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PMID:[Calcium-phosphate metabolism in pre-term infants]. 685 46

A case of advanced idiopathic arterial calcification occurred in a macerated male fetus, 29 weeks' gestational age, delivered of a 22-year-old primigravida. The aortic valve, aorta, coronary arteries, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary, mesenteric, periadrenal, and renal arteries were calcified and were detected on postmortem roentgenogram. Myocardial calcification and endocardial fibroelastosis were also present. The mother's calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels were normal. Vitamin D intake was not excessive. A maternal febrile illness at 18 to 19 weeks' gestation was the only untoward event during pregnancy.
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PMID:Idiopathic arterial calcification in infancy. Report of a case in a premature fetus. 689 36

Twenty-nine patients with chronic liver disease, nine of whom had symptoms suggesting bone disease, were studied by bone histology. Nine had osteomalacia; six associated with cholestatic liver disease and three with primarily hepatocellular disease. Two of these had clinical and biochemical features of cholestasis for at least a year and the other had alcoholic cirrhosis associated with severe malnutrition. Excluding the latter patient, histological osteomalacia was significantly associated with presence and duration of cholestasis. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was low and fasting urine hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio was high in all patients with osteomalacia but were abnormal also in some patients who did not have histological osteomalacia. Serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D-binding protein and radiology were unhelpful in many patients with osteomalacia. Vitamin D-deficiency correlated significantly with deficiency of other fat-soluble vitamins and those patients with rachitic levels of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D showed no seasonal variation, suggesting a combination of malabsorption of vitamin D and reduced sunlight exposure. We suggest that patients with chronic liver disease with cholestasis for at least a year are at risk from osteomalacia and that those likely to have this complication may be identified by plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and/or fasting urine hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio measurements. The diagnosis can only be made with certainty by bone biopsy.
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PMID:Osteomalacia, vitamin D deficiency and cholestasis in chronic liver disease. 698 Nov 20

The vitamin D status in a group of healthy free-living elderly people was determined by measuring dietary and supplemental vitamin D intakes and the plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD). Median dietary intake was 88 IU for Vitamin D, with 26% of the population taking a median supplement of 400 IU. Plasma 25-OHD was significantly lower in the elderly (15.5 ng/ml) compared to a younger control (29.1 ng/ml) population. Within the elderly population, the plasma 25-OHD demonstrated a seasonal influence (nadir in January, zenith in September) and was consistently higher for men compared to women. People taking vitamin D supplements had higher plasma 25-OHD concentrations regardless of seasonal influence. Plasma alkaline phosphatase, an index for bone loss, was inversely related to the plasma 25-OHD concentration. Inadequate dietary vitamin D intake and inadequate sunlight exposure appeared to be contributory to the observed low vitamin D status. It is suggested that American elderly consider using a combination of moderate vitamin D supplementation and increased sunlight exposure in order to improve their vitamin D nutriture.
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PMID:Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: vitamin D. 714 41

The initial rates of phosphate accumulation by isolated chick intestinal epithelial cells have been examined. At high concentrations of phosphate (1.5 mM), phosphate uptake is relatively independent of sodium and demonstrates a pH optimum of 8.0. At pH 8.0, 56% of the uptake is dependent on the presence of Ca in the uptake medium compared to 28% at pH 6.8. Membranes prepared from these same intestinal epithelial cells contain a Ca-dependent phosphatase that can be distinguished from the more abundant Mg-dependent alkaline phosphatase. The Ca-dependent phosphatase has a pH optimum between 8.5 and 9.0 and, compared to the Mg-dependent activity, is more readily inactivated at 58 degrees C and is relatively resistant to L-phenylalanine inhibition but more sensitive to ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP). Both activities are distributed in a constant proportion between the brush border and basal lateral membranes and at various segments along the intestine. Vitamin D in vivo and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in vitro stimulated both activities. In vitro, utilizing the isolated intestinal cells, the stimulation of phosphate uptake paralleled the increase in Ca-dependent alkaline phosphatase activity. The role of alkaline phosphatase in intestinal phosphate transport is discussed.
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PMID:Intestinal phosphate transport and alkaline phosphatase activity in the chick. 722 82


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