Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypothyroidism (surgical thyroidectomy) inhibited the activities of acid phosphatase and Mg(2+)-ATPase in seminal vesicular tissue and fluid and that of Ca(2+)- and Na+/K(+)-ATPases in fluid alone, and T4 supplementation restored normalcy in all, except acid phosphatase. Hyperthyroidism (T4 25 micrograms/100g body weight/day for 60 days, im) enhanced the activities of alkaline phosphatase and ATPases in seminal vesicular tissue and fluid, and decreased acid phosphatase activity in tissue alone. Withdrawal of T4 treatment from hyperthyroid rats (after 30 days) augmented the activity of ATPases in tissue and impaired the same in fluid, while phosphomonoesterases remained at hyperthyroid level. The results suggest specific responses of various seminal vesicular phosphatases to altered thyroid hormone status. Modification in the specific threshold of androgen/estrogen action on different phosphatases in seminal vesicles appears to be the plausible mechanism underlying these changes in hypo- and hyperthyroid conditions.
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PMID:Specific activities of seminal vesicular phosphomonoesterases and Mg2+-,Ca2+- and Na+/K(+)-adenosine triphosphatases in hypo- and hyperthyroid albino rats. 822 13

A preliminary investigation of enzymes functioning at the cell surface indicates that when Walker 256 carcinoma cells growing ascitically are induced to grow as a solid tumour there is a marked increase in the activities of Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase, 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase I; 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase being particularly affected. These enzyme changes occur in the absence of any major alteration in the protein composition of the plasma membrane.
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PMID:Protein and enzyme content of plasma membranes derived from Walker 256 carcinoma cells grown as ascitic or solid tumours. 838 3

Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and is a natural contaminant of moldly food. Ochratoxin A has a number of toxic effects, some of which may be related to the changes in the cell membrane. We measured the activities of 5 pancreatic, membrane bound enzymes in female Fisher rats that were given low oral doses of ochratoxin A (120 micrograms/kg body weight per day) during 20-35 days. The amount of toxin corresponds to 1.5 mg/kg in the feed, daily. These doses are in the range of natural contamination found in feed. The enzymes studied were alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, ecto-Ca2+/Mg(2+)-ATPase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase. Treatment lasting 20 days caused a strong decrease in the activity of alanine aminopeptidase, Ca2+/Mg(2+)-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase to 0.76 +/- 0.04, 0.53 +/- 0.03 and 0.30 +/- 0.02 of the control values, respectively (p < 0.05). No significant changes in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase and 5'-nucleotidase were observed. However, activity of alanine aminopeptidase returned to normal values after 35 days of treatment, suggesting an adaptation of the organism, or a substitution of a released enzyme. Activities of alkaline phosphatase and Ca2+/Mg(2+)-ATPase remained significantly reduced to 0.42 +/- 0.03 and 0.52 +/- 0.04, respectively (p < 0.01). We conclude that treatment of rats with low doses of ochratoxin A resulted in reduction of the activities of the membrane bound enzymes, most probably by inducing their release, as a result of the impairment of the functional integrity of cell membranes.
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PMID:Ochratoxin A impairs activity of the membrane bound enzymes in rat pancreas. 860 90

Muscle ATPase activity did not show much change with any of the treatments, while hepatic total and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase activities were decreased with low dose of dexamethasone (DXM(L) and enzyme activity in general was increased with both high dose of DXM(H) and corticosterone. Total and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPases were increased in testis of corticosterone treated chicks. Acid phosphatase activity of testis was increased with DXM(H) and decreased with DXM(L) while the enzyme activity in all the three tissues was increased with corticosterone. Muscle alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased with DXM treatments while that of testis was decreased with both DXM(H) and corticosterone treatments. Hepatic PDE activity was decreased with DXM and increased with corticosterone while muscle PDE activity was decreased under both DXM(H) and corticosterone treatments. The results suggest that both hypo. and hypercorticalism can induce tissue specific differential alterations in phosphomonoesterases, ATPases and PDE during early phases of post-natal development of chicks.
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PMID:Effect of dexamethasone and corticosterone on activity levels of ATPase, phosphomonoesterases and phosphodiesterase in liver, muscle and testis of post-hatched White Leghorn chicks. 947 79

Sexually mature female Wistar rats were given daily intragastric doses of ethinylestradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LE) used normally in women: (1) 0.03 mg EE and 0.05 mg LE; (2) 0.04 mg EE and 0.075 mg LE; (3) 0.03 mg EE and 0.125 mg LE. All groups were treated for 6 months in 5-day cycles (four-day treatment with a one-day break), i.e. for 36 sexual cycles. In rat kidneys, the activity of succinic dehydrogenase, NADPH-tetrazolium reductase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased, while those of lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were enhanced. We have found a correlation between enzymatic changes and ultrastructural changes in epithelial renal cells. These changes may reflect: (1) inhibited oxidative processes associated with the mitochondrial and microsomal systems of electron transport; (2) a compensatory increase in anaerobic processes; (3) increased glyconeogenesis; (4) inhibited transport processes and increased cellular catabolism. The kidney cortex and medulla did not show any significant morphological changes after 6 months of treatment. The study has shown that EE/LE combinations produce histochemical and ultrastructural changes in the kidney, which are dependent on the doses of gestagens.
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PMID:Effects of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel on morphology, ultrastructure and histoenzymatic activity of rat kidney. 980 70

Clinical use of diclofenac is associated with a small but significant incidence of hepatotoxicity. It has been reported that in vivo diclofenac treatment results in decreased activity of the extracellular canalicular membrane protein dipeptidylpeptidase IV in rats as a consequence of protein adduct formation by its electrophilic metabolite diclofenac acyl glucuronide. The present study has investigated the effects of in vivo diclofenac treatment (15 mg/kg/day for 7 days) on the activity of an another four rat extracellular canalicular membrane proteins. Animals administered diclofenac (n = 6) had 47.9, 60.4, and 51.6% lower (p < 0.05) canalicular activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase, Mg(2+)-ATPase, and leucine aminopeptidase, respectively, compared with controls (n = 6), but there was no difference in alkaline phosphatase activity. In general, protein adduct formation by acyl glucuronides has been associated with decreased protein function, and the lower canalicular enzyme activities in diclofenac-treated rats may suggest that gamma-glutamyltransferase, Mg(2+)-ATPase, and leucine aminopeptidase are also targets of adduct formation by acyl glucuronide metabolites of diclofenac. However, intracellular redistribution and/or decreased synthesis of these enzymes would also be consistent with our results. The ability of diclofenac acyl glucuronide (200 microg/ml) to form covalently bound adducts with gamma-glutamyltransferase (10 mg/ml) was demonstrated following in vitro incubations (16 h, pH 7.4, and 37 degrees C) in which 20.7 +/- 2.1 ng of diclofenac were covalently bound per milligram of protein. In these in vitro studies, the low concentration of protein adducts formed was not associated with any significant change in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.
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PMID:In vivo perturbation of rat hepatocyte canalicular membrane function by diclofenac. 1171 71

Nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the regulation of intracellular and extracellular nucleotide levels. We studied ATPase activity in the nervous ganglia of Phyllocaulis soleiformis, a terrestrial slug. The ATPase was divalent cation-dependent, with a maximal rate for ATP hydrolysis at pH 6.0 and 7.2 in the presence of Ca(2+) (5 mM). Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was only 26% of the activity observed in the presence of Ca(2+) (5 mM). ZnCl2 (10 mM) produced a significant inhibition of 70%. Ca(2+)-ATPase activity was insensitive to the classical ATPase inhibitors ouabain, N-ethylmaleimide, orthovanadate and sodium azide. Levamisole, an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase, was ineffective. Among nucleotides, ATP was the best substrate. The apparent K(m) ((ATP)) for Ca(2+)-ATPase was 348+/-84 microM ATP and the V(max) was 829+/-114 nmol Pi min(-1) mg(-1) protein. The P. soleiformis ganglial ATPase does not appear to fit clearly into any of the previously described types of Ca(2+)-ATPases.
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PMID:Unique Ca(2+)-activated ATPase in the nervous ganglia of Phyllocaulis soleiformis (Mollusca). 1174 58

Hepatic injury elicits intracellular stress that leads to peroxidation of membrane lipids accompanied by alteration of structural and functional characteristics of the membrane, which affects the activity of membrane-bound ATPases. We have explored the effect of leptin on hepatic marker enzyme and membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatases in ethanol-induced liver toxicity in mice. The experimental groups were control, leptin (230 microg kg(-1), i.p. every alternate day for last 15 days), alcohol (6.32 g kg(-1), by intragastric intubation for 45 days), and alcohol plus leptin. Ethanol feeding to mice significantly (P < 0.05) elevated the plasma leptin, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and hepatic lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and plasma and hepatic total ATPases, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase. There was a significant decrease in Ca(2+)-ATPase and reduced glutathione (GSH). Leptin injections to ethanol-fed animals further elevated the levels of hepatic LOOH, plasma and hepatic total ATPases, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase, while the Ca(2)-ATPase and GSH were decreased significantly. In addition, leptin administration was found to increase the plasma levels of leptin, ALT, ALP, GGT, Na(+) and inorganic phosphorous, and decrease the levels of K(+) and Ca(2+) in ethanol-fed mice. These findings were consistent with our histological observations, confirming that leptin enhanced liver ailments in ethanol-supplemented mice.
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PMID:Effect of leptin administration on membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase activity in ethanol-induced experimental liver toxicity. 1687 59

Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for the premature development of coronary heart disease and it has been shown to increase the incidence of myocardial ischemia and cardiac events. Pentacyclic triterpenes possess antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. To study the effect of plant derived triterpene, lupeol and its ester lupeol linoleate, on lipid status and biochemical changes on heart tissue, male albino Wistar rats were fed high-cholesterol diet (normal rat chow supplemented with 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid; HCD) for 30 days. There was a significant (p<0.001) increase in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids along with augmented activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the heart tissue. Triterpenes treatment reduced the above alterations produced in hypercholesterolemic rats. The transmembrane enzymes, namely Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase showed a decrease in their activities. Triterpenes treatment reversed these levels, prevented the hypertrophic cardiac histology and restored the normal ultrastructural architecture. In conclusion, lupeol and lupeol linoleate intervention minimized the lipid abnormalities and abnormal biochemical changes induced by HCD fed rats. This shows that triterpenes possess cardioprotective effects which will be beneficial in hypercholesterolemic condition. Out of these two triterpenes tested, lupeol linoleate appeared to be even more effective than lupeol.
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PMID:Protective effect of lupeol and its ester on cardiac abnormalities in experimental hypercholesterolemia. 1733 64

The electron microscopical changes in the glial lacunar network that surrounds the large neurons of meso- and metacerebrum of land snail cerebral ganglia were considered, in order to get an insight into the functional role of this peculiar structure in invertebrates. Compared with snails during the active period, in the hibernating animals the extension of glial processes was reduced and the glial processes appeared more regular and stacked around neurons. Moreover, they did not form deep, long interdigitations with neuronal infoldings as during the active period. In particular, data on the ultracytochemical detection of alkaline phosphatase and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase enzyme activities, point to a correlation between the extension of the glial system and its function in the regulation of the extracellular environment. In fact, in hibernating snails, lower reactivity was found on the glial membranes, including those of the trophospongium.
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PMID:Perineuronal glial system in the cerebral ganglion of active and hibernating Helix aspersa. 1862 30


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