Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the mechanism of biological calcification in vitro, a model system consisting of an acrylamide gel block (1 x 3 x 3 mm) and fetal bovine serum was developed. Mineral deposition was induced in gel blocks which were immersed in 300 microliters of fetal bovine serum at 37 degrees C for 7 days in a CO2 incubator. X-ray diffraction indicated that the mineral was hydroxyapatite with low crystallinity. Effects of the concentration of acrylamide gel, the partial pressure of CO2 and matrix proteins within the gel on the mineral formation were investigated. In the gel concentration range of 10-60%, the largest amount of crystal grew in 40% acrylamide gel, where the serum protein did not penetrate. With an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 the Ca content in the gel block increased, reached the highest level at about 3.5% CO2 and then began to decrease. In 40% gel and at 5% CO2, the mineral formation was enhanced by phosvitin, phosphophoryn, demineralized dentin powder and alkaline phosphatase. Mineral deposition occurred around the collagen fibers immobilized in 40% acrylamide gel. These results indicate that 1) a putatively serum-derived inhibitor of calcification with high-molecular weight was prevented from penetrating into the 40% acrylamide gels, 2) immobilized polyanionic proteins and alkaline phosphatase were able to increase mineral deposition and 3) the partial pressure of CO2 greatly influenced the mineral deposition. It was concluded that this gel system is useful to investigate the mechanism of biological calcification in vitro.
...
PMID:A new method for in vitro calcification using acrylamide gel and bovine serum. 755 52

Beagle serum proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and the electrophoretograms were examined by one- and two-dimensional analyses with a laser densitometer. In order from the anodic side of the PAGE pattern, pre-albumin, hexokinase, tyrosinase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, and aldehyde dehydrogenase were assumed to be present based on Rf and Mw. Serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, and catalase appeared to be present based on a comparison of their electrophoretic mobility with that of protein standards of known Mw. Verification of beagle serum protein fractions by immunofixation electrophoresis and western blotting electrophoresis, with rabbit anti-human serum, indicated alpha 1-antitrypsin, albumin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, C3c complement, IgG, and IgA. Serum protein fraction values (%) obtained by one- and two-dimensional analyses were similar.
...
PMID:Analysis of a polyacrylamide gel electrophoretogram of beagle serum protein by laser densitometer. 765 Sep 2

The effects of fortification of preterm human milk were evaluated by comparing two groups of very low birth weight infants (birth weight < or = 1300 g, gestational age < or = 30 weeks): six fed preterm human milk fortified with a commercially available protein-mineral supplement (protein 0.7 g/dl, calcium 90 mg/dl, phosphorus 45 mg/dl) and seven fed unfortified preterm human milk. Nitrogen and energy balance studies were performed at an average age of 56 postnatal days. Nitrogen retention in the fortified group (348.2 +/- 70.5 mg/kg/day) was significantly greater than that in the unfortified group (196.0 +/- 50.0 mg/kg/day) and similar to that of fetuses of comparable gestational age. Energy stored by the two groups did not differ. At age 8 weeks, the infants in the fortified group had higher serum protein, higher serum albumin, and better mineral status (higher serum calcium and phosphorus and lower alkaline phosphatase and renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate). The bone density and width of the distal third radius, as measured by X-ray microdensitometry, were greater in the fortified group than in the unfortified group 12 weeks after birth. These results suggest that the supplement corrects any nutritional inadequacies of preterm human milk for very low birth weight infants.
...
PMID:Nutrient balance, metabolic response, and bone growth in VLBW infants fed fortified human milk. 784 42

A literature of 74 scientific papers addressing the occurrence of "wavy ribs" in fetuses of small rodents has been collected with the support of a computer-assisted search on MEDLINE, TOXLINE, BIOSIS and EXCERPTA MEDICA systems (1982-1993) and has been critically examined. Numerous compounds of a large variation in chemical structure and biological activity, if given to pregnant rats during the later period of organogenesis, are known to cause "wavy ribs" in their fetuses, a reversible pathologic finding which is rarely observed in untreated controls. According to literature, causative factors, like delayed development of alkaline phosphatase, decreased fetal protein, dietary contents, maternal toxicity, renal loop diuretics, myometrial constriction, endocrine disturbances and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation or blocking have been observed and discussed, but, a general explanation for the lesions is still missing. Therefore, the following hypothesis may be added: the high doses used in reproductive toxicology may induce maternal and placental circulatory disturbances leading to reductions in fetal serum proteins, with delayed development of osteoblast progenitors and low fetal serum alkaline phosphatase in the day 17-20 fetus. Normalization of the neonate's homeostasis (serum protein) leads to enhanced ossification and concomitant bone repair until weaning.
...
PMID:"Wavy ribs". A reversible pathologic finding in rat fetuses. 800 Feb 40

CI-986 (5-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)- thione-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium salt) is a novel anti-inflammatory compound classified as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase. Studies were undertaken to characterize the preclinical toxicology of the compound. CI-986 was administered to rats for 2 weeks (0, 50, 250, 750, and 1500 mg/kg) or 13 weeks (0, 20, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg), dogs for 2 weeks (0, 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg) or 13 weeks (0, 20, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and to monkeys for 2 weeks (0, 50, 250, and 1000 mg/kg). No drug-related deaths resulted. Mild clinical signs of toxicity were noted in rats given doses of 250 mg/kg and above. Drug-related emesis and diarrhea were absent at the low dose in the dog and monkey but increased in incidence and severity at higher doses. Severe clinical signs in monkeys (emesis and diarrhea) necessitated the lowering of the top dose to 500 mg/kg/day (administered b.i.d.) during the second week of the monkey study. Slight decreases (< 23%) in serum protein and/or albumin were noted in all studies at the higher doses. A dose-related increase in alkaline phosphatase was noted in both dog studies, with no other drug-related effect on clinical pathology parameters. A gastric ulcer occurred in one rat administered 500 mg/kg CI-986 for 13 weeks. Gastrointestinal ulcers were not noted at any other dose in rats or at any dose in dogs or monkeys. A dose-related eosinophilia of glandular stomach submucosa was noted in rats after 2 and 13 weeks of drug administration but not in dogs or monkeys. In the 2-week rat study, mean combined sex plasma drug concentrations monitored 2 hr after dose on Day 14 were 0.59, 1.10, 2.64, and 3.43 micrograms/ml for the 50, 250, 750, and 1,500 mg/kg dose groups, respectively. In the 2-week dog studies, maximum plasma drug concentrations on Day 10 or Day 11 were achieved within 2 hr of dose with mean combined sex Cmax values of 0.73, 2.05, and 2.62 micrograms/ml for the 50, 250, and 750 mg/kg groups, respectively. Hepatic microsomal induction characterized by increased microsomal protein, increased microsomal cytochrome P450 content, and increased p-nitroanisole O-demethylation activity was noted in dogs and monkeys but not rats. CI-986 was well tolerated in rats and dogs at the doses employed and in monkeys at doses up to 500 mg/kg (b.i.d.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Subacute and subchronic toxicology studies of CI-986, a novel anti-inflammatory compound. 831 60

Whole curry leaf and mustard fed to rats at doses equal to normal human intake did not cause any adverse effect on food efficiency ratio (FER), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), total count, differential counts or on the levels of blood constituents, like serum electrolytes, blood urea, haemoglobin, total serum protein, albumin-globulin ratio, fibrin level, glycosylated haemoglobin and the activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in serum. No histopathological changes were observed in the liver of rats administered curry leaf and mustard.
...
PMID:Haematological & histological studies after curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) & mustard (Brassica juncea) feeding in rats. 854 64

A prospective study of 277 patients with benign (n = 212) and malignant (n = 65) hepatopancreatobiliary disease was carried out to evaluate the value of six serum tumour markers (CEA, CA 50, CA 242, TPA, TPS, TATI) and 16 conventional laboratory tests in the distinction between benign and malignant diseases. In univariate analysis, all tumour marker tests except TATI showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher serum values in the patients with malignant disease than in the patients with benign disease. Among the conventional laboratory tests serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase showed significantly. (p < 0.001) higher values in the patients with malignant disease, whereas serum protein and amylase levels were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the patients with benign disease. In a multivariate analysis, serum bilirubin (p < 0.001), antithrombin III (p < 0.01) and blood hemoglobin (p < 0.05) were the most significant independent predictors of hepatopancreatobiliary malignancy. To sum up the contributions of the best tests a diagnostic score (DS) was developed. The sensitivity of DS in detecting malignancy was 73% with a specificity of 82% and an efficiency of 79%. In conclusion, our results speak against the use of multiple tumour marker tests, and rather suggest the use of a relatively limited amount of conventional laboratory tests in the distinction between benign and malignant hepatopancreatobiliary disease.
...
PMID:Multivariate analysis of six serum tumor markers (CEA, CA 50, CA 242, TPA, TPS, TATI) and conventional laboratory tests in the diagnosis of hepatopancreatobiliary malignancy. 866 55

In a prospective study 50 children with new onset epilepsy were investigated. Routine screening for complete blood count, serum protein, albumin, gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, and coagulation studies before, 3, 6 and 9 weeks after commencement of antiepileptic therapy with valproate were carried out. Serum B12 and folate levels were also determined in 29 patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of VPA on these laboratory findings. We found a significant reduction of red blood count and platelet count, whereas MCV showed a significant upward trend. Vitamin B12 levels were elevated after starting VPA therapy. We found no elevations of liver enzymes, but a significant transient reduction of ALT after 3 and 6 weeks and significantly reduced serum protein and albumin after 3, 6 and 9 weeks. Coagulation studies revealed a significant downward trend in serum fibrinogen and upward trend in thrombin time. The other parameters showed no significant changes after onset of VPA treatment. We think that reduced red blood cell and platelet counts, and elevated MCV indicate a direct toxic effect on a hematopoietic precursor or stem cell in patients treated with VPA. Furthermore, reduced protein, albumin and fibrinogen indicate an impaired liver synthetic function in asymptomatic children treated with VPA monotherapy.
...
PMID:Hematologic manifestations and impaired liver synthetic function during valproate monotherapy. 873 99

A study of field turkeys was undertaken in order to determine the involvement of relative immunological differences in the etiology of turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC). Lame and normal turkeys were sampled from commercial flocks just prior to processing in two separate trials. After testing for functions of both humoral and cellular immunity, the turkeys were necropsied and examined for lesions of TOC. There were significantly higher relative spleen and over weights and significantly lower body weights and relative bursal weights in birds with TOC. The birds with TOC had lower response to phytohemagglutinin-P in both in vivo and in vitro tests as well as lower circulating lymphocyte counts and higher monocyte, heterophil, and total white blood cell counts. There was a significantly higher antibody response to sheep red blood cells in turkeys with TOC, whereas antibody response to Salmonella pullorum antigen was not different. There were no significant differences in the percentages of mononuclear cells or heterophils able to phagocytize bacteria or latex particles, or kill bacteria; however, the heterophils from turkeys with TOC lesions did phagocytize significantly fewer latex particles per cell than did those of the healthy turkeys. Total serum protein, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen levels were higher in birds with TOC, whereas hemoglobin, iron, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl-transferase levels were lower. Although many of the differences in birds with TOC could be caused by the normal host reaction to infection, further study may reveal innate differences that contribute to susceptibility to TOC.
...
PMID:Immune and physiological responses of turkeys with green-liver osteomyelitis complex. 905 7

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of alkali ion release, pH control and buffer capacity on the expression of the osteoblastic phenotype. In addition we determined the importance of modifications of the surface of porous bioactive glass (BG) on the activity of rat calvaria osteoblasts in vitro. We found that at a low tissue culture medium (TCM) volume to BG surface area (Vol/SA) ratio, the products of glass corrosion elevated the pH of the TCM to a value that adversely affected cellular activity; thus, the matrix synthesized by the cells was non-mineralized. On the other hand, when the Vol/SA was high and the buffer capacity of the medium was not exceeded, the cells generated a mineralized extracellular matrix. Addressing the second issue, we observed that modification of the composition of the BG surface markedly influenced osteoblast activity. BG that was coated with either a calcium phosphate-rich layer only or a serum protein layer changed the phenotypic characteristics of the osteoblasts. The presence of either of these surfaces lowered the alkaline phosphatase activity of the attached cells; this finding indicated that the osteoblast phenotype was not conserved. However, when the BG was coated with a bilayer of calcium phosphate and serum proteins, the alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was elevated and the extracellular matrix contained characteristic bone markers. Our findings indicate that the calcium phosphate-rich layer promotes adsorption and concentration of proteins from the TCM, and it is utilized by the osteoblasts to form the mineralized extracellular matrix.
...
PMID:Formation of surface reaction products on bioactive glass and their effects on the expression of the osteoblastic phenotype and the deposition of mineralized extracellular matrix. 906 90


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---