Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have prepared monoclonal antibodies by immunizing BALB/c mice with purified human term placental plasma membranes. The antibodies were selected to show predominant specificity for trophoblast and trophoblast derivatives. Four of these antibodies have been found to recognize the placenta-specific isozyme of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), and to cross-react with the closely related testis form of this enzyme. One antibody recognized transferrin, a serum protein with an abundant placental receptor. The specificities of the other antibodies, whose target antigens are unknown, are described. Their reactivity with some human tumour-derived epithelial cell lines suggests that they may provide useful markers of human trophectoderm differentiation, as well as for properties selected for during tumour progression.
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PMID:Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against placental alkaline phosphatase and other human trophoblast-associated determinants. 620 46

Total proteins (albumin, globulins and their fractions); carbohydrate (intravenous glucose tolerance); lipid (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids); and liver functioning (alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities in serum, bromsulfathalein retention, and serum bilirubin); were assayed in 12 Thai women who were not lactating. The tests were performed before, and 3 weeks, 3,6,9, and 12 months after the advent of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), which was injected intramuscularly in 150-mg doses every 90 days. Triglyceride concentration was unchanged overall; however, mean fasting triglyceride concentration on Day 20 decreased significantly when compared with Day -33 pretreatment control (P .025). A significant increase ( P .01) in mean fasting cholesterol was demonstrated on Day 20; this, however, was thought to be caused by the high dietary lipid intake during hospitalization rather than an effect of the DMPA. In general, serum protein and lipid levels, and liver function and glucose tolerance, remained unchanged over 1 year. There was, however, a significant and persistent increase in insulin level in all subjects after initiation of hormone treatment during the first 30 minutes of intravenous glucose load. The study concludes that DMPA does not interfere with glucose tolerance, lipid and protein metabolism, or liver function during its administration.
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PMID:Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum lipids, protein, glucose tolerance and liver function in Thai women. 644 43

The influence of acute diuresis on calcium balance induced by furosemide (FM) and azosemide (AM) was observed and compared in the human body. The treatment resulted in significant diuresis (FM: 2488 +/- 163 ml; AM: 2930 +/- 109 ml for 6 hours) and calciuresis (FM: 132.0 +/- 15.2 mg; AM: 181.0 +/- 16.6 mg for 6 hours). In spite of the urinary calcium loss, the serum calcium concentrations were elevated by both drugs. The elevation was also found even when the correction to serum protein concentrations was performed, and the magnitude of this change was less by AM than by FM. Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were slightly elevated by AM only at 6 hours, but they remained unchanged by FM. This mild elevation of PTH could not be explained sufficiently by the concentration changes of serum calcium as noted above, and might be caused by factors other than serum calcium. The alkaline phosphatase concentrations corrected by means of serum protein concentrations were unchanged in both drugs, and it was suggested that the calciuresis may not extend to bone calcium remodeling at least in such a short-term experiment.
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PMID:Influence of acute diuresis on calcium balance--a comparative study of furosemide and azosemide. 649 Feb 22

A reproducible experimental disease model in horses using Streptococcus zooepidemicus was developed. An intravenous challenge dose of 1 X 10(10) colony-forming units (CFU), followed 24 h later with another challenge of 1 X 10(8) CFU of Strep. zooepidemicus produced the desired disease model. The disease was characterized by depression, pyrexia, anorexia, abnormal lung sounds, inflammation of joints, moderate to severe lameness, gradual loss of condition and emaciation. The effects of the disease on hematology, serum chemical profile and different protein fractions were studied. The disease state had no effect on serum glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus and enzymes SGOT or SGPT. However, the alkaline phosphatase showed a gradual decline. The serum iron levels dropped markedly and remained low to the last day of observations (post-infection day, PID 13). On serum protein electrophoresis, the albumin showed a gradual decrease; whereas, alpha II, beta and gamma globulin levels rose suggesting an immune response. The elevation of rectal temperatures and white blood cell counts related well with clinical observations. The serum iron levels proved very helpful in predicting the severity of clinical signs and often dropped before the onset of clinical signs and pyrexia.
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PMID:Standardization of an experimental disease model of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in the equine. 649 45

Secondary amyloidosis was diagnosed in five Rhesus monkeys with chronic indwelling venous catheters. Diagnostic enzymology demonstrated normal serum alanine aminotransferase concentration and consistently elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Serum protein electrophoresis on all five animals showed a typical pattern of decreased albumin and increased gamma globulin. Necropsy or biopsy specimens verified the presence of amyloid deposits in all animals. The diagnostic usefulness of clinical enzymology, serum protein electrophoresis and liver biopsy were demonstrated and the importance of considering amyloidosis as a differential diagnosis in monkeys with indwelling vascular catheters is emphasized.
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PMID:Secondary amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys with chronic indwelling venous catheters. 651 13

Subacute toxicity and its recovery of bestatin (NK421) was studied on both sexes of 34 Beagle dogs. At dose levels of 600, 240, 96 and 38.4 mg/kg, NK421 was administered orally to dogs for 90 successive days. The control group was treated orally with 2 g/dog of corn starch. Each group was constituted of 3 males and 3 females, and 2 males and 2 females were added to the 240 mg/kg group for the recovery test for 35 days. As general symptoms, loss of appetite, vomiting, abnormal feces (loose stool, diarrhea, mucous stool), eye mucus, decoloration of the visible mucous membrance and unkempt fur were observed slightly and almost dose-dependently in the group dosed with more than 96 mg/kg. Body weight decreased with the passage of time in the 600 and 240 mg/kg groups, but no death appeared in any group. In correlation with general signs, slight anemia was seen hematologically, and the increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the decreased albumin ratio in serum protein fraction were observed biochemically. The slight abnormal findings of bone marrow, spleen and liver were also demonstrated histopathologically. All the above findings disappeared during the recovery period. The maximum non-toxic dose of NK421 in this study is estimated to be 38.4 mg/kg in dogs.
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PMID:Toxicological studies on bestatin. II. Subacute toxicity test and recovery study in beagle dogs. 667 29

Chronic toxicity and its recovery of bestatin (NK421) was studied in both sexes of 28 Beagle dogs. At dose levels of 96, 38.4 and 15.4 mg/kg, NK421 was administered orally to dogs for 540 successive days. Control dogs were treated orally with 2 g/dog of corn starch. Each group consisted of 3 males and 3 females, and 2 males and 2 females were added to the 38.4 mg/kg group for a recovery test of 35 days. As general signs, anorexia, abnormal feces (loose stool, diarrhea, mucous stool), loss of activity, loss of lustre in fur, decoloration of the visible mucosa and emaciation were transiently observed in a early stage in 1 male and 1 female of the 96 mg/kg group. In correlation with these signs, slight anemia appeared hematologically, and the increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the decreased albumin ratio in serum protein fractions were observed biochemically. Except for the slight abnormal findings observed in the liver of the above 2 dogs, no significant changes were histopathologically noticed in any organ of all the dogs examined. The maximum non-toxic dose of NK421 in this study is estimated to be 38.4 mg/kg in dogs.
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PMID:Toxicological studies on bestatin. III. Chronic toxicity test and recovery study in beagle dogs. 667 30

Single oral doses of N-nitrosodimethylamine or olive oil were given to nonpregnant and pregnant female Holtzman rats on different days of pregnancy (days 7-18, where day 0 was considered to be the sperm positive day). Serological and histopathological studies were performed on animals killed 2 days after treatment. In comparison with the values obtained in nonpregnant controls, the following parameters in pregnant controls were significantly increased: relative liver weights (days 9-20), liver ascorbic acid concentrations (day 12), blood urea nitrogen (days 16-20), serum triglyceride (days 14-20), serum inorganic phosphorus (days 12-18), and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (days 14-20). The following parameters were decreased in pregnant rats compared with nonpregnant controls: relative organ weights (kidneys, adrenals and thyroids), serum glucose (days 12-20), total serum protein (days 9 and 16-20), and serum alkaline phosphatase (day 20). The serum cholesterol levels in pregnant rats were significantly decreased on days 9-15 of pregnancy and significantly increased on day 20. The numbers of mitotic cells in the livers of pregnant rats were greatly increased compared with nonpregnant rats on all days of pregnancy, while the adrenal cortex contained a significantly higher number of mitotic cells only on days 16 and 18. Compared with control values, NDMA given orally (15 or 20 mg/kg body weight) increased the following in both pregnant and nonpregnant rats: numbers of mitotic cells in the liver and adrenal cortex, relative adrenal weights, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. NDMA treatment decreased liver ascorbic acid and total serum protein in both pregnant and nonpregnant rats. In nonpregnant rats NDMA also increased relative liver weights (not significant) and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. NDMA increased serum alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase in pregnant rats on day 20 and decreased foetal weights (in rats treated on days 13 and 18). NDMA treatment was not lethal to nonpregnant rats or to pregnant rats up to day 16 of pregnancy, but single oral doses of 15 and 20 mg NDMA/kg killed 9.4 and 35.3%, respectively, of rats treated on day 18 of pregnancy. In general, the acute toxic effect of NDMA, as measured by changes in the above parameters, was greater in pregnant than in nonpregnant rats, especially near the end of pregnancy.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of N-nitrosodimethylamine on pregnant and nonpregnant Holtzman rats. 668 27

Day-old pigs were individually fed a low nickel (0.16 ppm) liquid milk-based diet supplemented with either 0, 5 or 25 ppm nickel on a dry matter basis for a 21-day period. At the end of the liquid feeding period, five pigs per treatment were killed, and the remaining five were fed a dried skim milk-based diet (0.12 ppm nickel) with similar levels of added nickel for an additional 28 days. Dietary nickel did not affect animal gain, liver cholesterol, serum protein concentrations or bacterial urease activity in the gastrointestinal tract. The addition of 5 ppm nickel to the basal dry diet reduced ammonia concentrations in the cecum by 33%. Pigs receiving the high level of nickel had decreased serum alkaline phosphatase and increased serum glucose at 49 days, compared to controls. Animals receiving 5 ppm nickel had higher liver iron and zinc concentrations than controls at 21 days but not at 49 days. Control pigs had lower kidney and lung nickel concentrations than animals receiving 5 ppm nickel at 21 days but not at 49 days. Increasing dietary nickel from 5 to 25 ppm resulted in increased concentrations of nickel in serum, kidney, lung, spleen and muscle. These results suggest that 0.12-0.16 ppm nickel is adequate for growth of neonatal pigs fed milk-based diets. However, additional nickel may improve the iron and zinc status of the young pig.
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PMID:Effect of dietary nickel on growth, urease activity, blood parameters and tissue mineral concentrations in the neonatal pig. 672 54

Pre- and post-prandial serum conjugates of cholic acid (SCCA) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 83 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), 14 of whom did not have steatorrhoea, and in 25 controls. Of the CF patients with steatorrhoea, 38% had fasting SCCA levels greater than 3 standard deviations above mean fasting control values, whereas no CF patient without steatorrhoea had elevated fasting SCCA levels. Steatorrhoeic patients with palpable livers had higher pre- and post-prandial SCCA levels. Post-prandial SCCA levels failed to discriminate between control and CF groups however. Other serum tests of liver function, including the aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, gamma globulin, and albumin : globulin ratio, failed to correlate with the SCCA. Changes in serum protein constituents correlated strongly with pulmonary dysfunction. The results suggest that elevation of fasting SCCA levels in CF patients is a more sensitive indicator of liver dysfunction than other tests and is a better discriminator than post-prandial SCCA levels between normal and abnormal liver function. The test is recommended for early detection of liver dysfunction in CF patients.
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PMID:Immunoassay of serum conjugates of cholic acid in cystic fibrosis. 690 34


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