Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fresh and/or frozen bone marrow cells from five healthy individuals and seven patients with myeloid leukemia were studied using growth factors and a cytogenetic technique which allows simultaneous analysis of karotype and cell lineage. Cell lineages were identified using monoclonal antibodies in an alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase staining method. In general, cultures stimulated with a colony stimulating factor containing conditioned medium (CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO) had a higher (approximately 2-fold) mitotic index (MI) than cultures without these growth factors (maximum 7.0 vs. 3.8 after 4-day culture). The significantly higher MI in cultures with growth factors was shown to result from an increase in both erythrocytic and granulocytic-monocytic mitoses. Every culture with CSF and EPO had more erythrocytic metaphases than the identical culture without these growth factors (mean erythrocytic MI 3.1 vs. 0.3, p = 0.01 in healthy subjects; 6.9 vs. 0, p = 0.05 in leukemia). In each of the three patients showing an increased MI where lineage-specific MI was studied, the granulocytic-monocytic MI increased (mean 4.0 vs. 2.1, p = 0.05). These data suggest that growth factors increase the number of metaphases available for cytogenetic analysis from fresh or frozen marrow, and may be used to stimulate metaphases from specific lineages.
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PMID:Human bone marrow cytogenetics: growth factors stimulate metaphases for specific lineages. 265 30

Symptomatic erythrocytosis developed in a 59-year-old man with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) while he was receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Major clinical and laboratory data suggested a diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV), despite a normal serum alkaline phosphatase level and leukocyte count. Secondary erythrocytosis, related to chronic hypoxemia and increased erythropoietin production, was excluded by appropriate laboratory studies. Despite previous documentation of secondary erythrocytosis in patients receiving hemodialysis, to my knowledge, PV has not been described in this population.
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PMID:Polycystic kidney disease and polycythemia vera. Occurrence in a patient receiving hemodialysis. 661 11

The effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) treatment on parathyroid function in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) with secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is poorly understood. We compared the levels of serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the suppressibility of PTH by intravenous calcium infusion before and after 12 weeks of rHuEPO treatment in 8 HD patients with secondary HPT. The suppressibility of PTH by calcium infusion in HD patients was also compared with that of normal subjects. After rHuEPO treatment, in HD patients hematocrit and hemoglobin levels increased significantly from 20.1 +/- 1.3% and 6.65 +/- 0.46 g/dl to 28.7 +/- 1.0% and 9.68 +/- 0.39 g/dl, respectively. The serum intact PTH levels did not change significantly (541.9 +/- 65.3 pg/ml before versus 572.9 +/- 75.3 pg/ml after rHuEPO treatment), nor did serum ionized calcium, phosphate, magnesium, aluminum, alkaline phosphatase, and 1.25(OH)2D levels. Calcium infusion significantly increased serum ionized calcium and suppressed serum PTH levels. However, the increment in serum calcium levels and the percent decrement of serum PTH showed no significant differences before and after rHuEPO treatment in HD patients. Elevations in serum calcium levels during calcium infusions were not significantly different between normal subjects and HD patients. However, the percent maximal decrement in serum PTH level was less in HD patients both before and after rHuEPO treatment than in normal subjects (-75.4 +/- 3.9 and -76.4 +/- 4.1% versus -91.4 +/- 1.4%). We conclude that rHuEPO treatment has no influence on parathyroid function in maintenance HD patients with secondary HPT. In addition, PTH secretion is less suppressed by calcium infusion in the same group of patients.
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PMID:Lack of influence of recombinant human erythropoietin on parathyroid function in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. 756 8

Endocrine abnormalities in patients with chronic renal failure are well documented. The present study aimed to assess the influence of long-term erythropoietin (EPO) therapy on endocrine abnormalities in hemodialyzed patients. Two groups of hemodialyzed patients, each of which comprised 17 subjects, were examined. The first group was treated by EPO (EPO group) while the second one did not receive this hormone (No-EPO group). A complete biochemical and hormonal check-up was performed before and at the 3, 6, 9, and 12 month points of the study period. Normal values for the estimated parameters were obtained in appropriately selected sex- and age-matched healthy subjects. After EPO therapy, an increase of the hematocrit value from 21.8 +/- 0.9 to 32.6 +/- 0.9% was observed, which was accompanied by a significant decline of plasma ferritin and saturation of transferrin. In patients of the No-EPO group, a significant although less marked rise of the hematocrit value (21.4 +/- 0.4 to 24.2 +/- 0.6%) was also noticed. EPO therapy did not change plasma levels of electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, inorganic phosphate), osteocalcin, creatinine, glucose, and alkaline phosphatase as well as plasma concentrations of calcium-related hormones (PTH, calcitonin, 1,25[OH]2D3), vasopressin, and triiodothyronine. EPO treatment induced a significant decrease in somatotropin, prolactin, follitropin, lutropin, ACTH, cortisol, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and gastrin plasma levels and an increase in plasma insulin, estradiol, testosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, thyrotropin, and thyroxine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Function of endocrine organs in hemodialyzed patients of long-term erythropoietin therapy. 762 22

Anemia associated to chronic renal failure (CRF) is a very frequent disorder. Twenty five per cent of adult patients under hemodialysis require periodical transfusions to maintain acceptable quality of life. This anemia is due mainly to a relative deficit of erythropoietin (EPO). Thanks to recombinant DNA techniques, EPO availability has made it possible to treat this population with the hormone. Most of the reported experience has been obtained from adult patients and literature on children is scarce. For this reason, a controlled prospective trial on 18 patients (9 males and 9 females) with a mean age of 12.4 years (range 7-17) was conducted, evaluating hematimetric response, safety of treatment and effect on quality of life after one year of treatment. Seventeen patients could be evaluated; mean follow-up was of 365 days (180-323). Treatment started with an administration scheme of 25 U/kg/dose, i.v. route, three times weekly, and dose was corrected according to the hematimetric response. Target hemoglobin was set in 10 g%. Mean dose required to reach target was 101.5 +/- 37.7 U/kg/dose (50-200) three times weekly and time elapsed was of 223.3 days (175-355). Only one patient did not achieve target hemoglobin value with the maximal dose planned (200 U/kg/dose). Bone marrow biopsy in this patient showed alpha widespread fibrosis secondary to hyperparathyroidism caused by CRF. Direct correlation was found between the required rHuEPO dose and basal levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (Table 2). Results obtained in status performance on six patients showed significant increase in all the variables under analysis (Table 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Treatment of anemia in children undergoing chronic hemodialysis with recombinant human erythropoietin]. 765 72

A few simple, low-priced, outpatient investigations, including an upper abdominal ultrasonography, a measurement of the arterial oxygen saturation and, in some cases, a leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score (LAP) suffice to find out the etiology of an increased red cell mass in most patients. The diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV) could be accepted in patients with an increased red cell mass if the spleen is enlarged and if the arterial oxygen saturation is normal, although the latter measurement may not be required in typical cases. If the spleen is not enlarged, the diagnosis of PV could be accepted if, in addition, the leukocyte or thrombocyte count is increased. An elevated LAP score also points to the diagnosis of PV, provided fever or inflammation are not present. If, at that stage, an etiologic diagnosis has not been made, smoker's polycythemia should be considered and excluded. The next step should include a serum erythropoietin assay and culture of erythroid stem cells before performing investigations aimed at ruling out the many conditions associated with secondary polycythemia.
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PMID:Biological and radiological investigations in patients with an increased red blood cell mass: Which are needed? Which are useful? which are unnecessary? 803 33

There is little quantitative information about the influence of weight change before and during hemodialysis on the concentration of proteins, lipoproteins, lipids, enzymes and other dialysis-resistant compounds in blood. We studied the concentration of 12 such compounds before and at the end of high-flux hemodialyses, 1.5 h after the start and 1, 2 and 3 h postdialysis and have developed formulae for roughly predicting the near steady-state 2-3 h postdialysis concentration. For hemoglobin, albumin, total protein and total cholesterol, the relationship of mean change in concentration to weight loss in groups was linear, and the % increase in concentration correlation correlated with % weight reduction (r = 0.64-0.81 and p = 0.002-0.0002). Correlations with ultrafiltration rate were comparable. By 3 h postdialysis values were relatively stable; the average fall in concentration for theses 4 compounds was 25% from end dialysis. The simplest formula we found which roughly predicts the % increase in concentration from predialysis to 3 h postdialysis is to multiply the % loss in body weight in kg during dialysis by 3.3. More accurate formulae were developed using combined and specific regression equations relating % weight loss during dialysis to % concentration rise. Mean values for alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, calcium, apolipoprotein B, bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase also rose appreciably during dialysis with significant increases for the first five. With major interdialytic weight gain, the reduction in predialysis concentrations of hemoglobin and cholesterol may be enough to inappropriately modify treatment decisions about anemia (e.g. erythropoietin) or hypercholesterolemia, and to cause false concern about the concentration of albumin for nutrition and prognosis. Major weight gain may also contribute to concentration changes in numerous other compounds resistant to dialysis.
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PMID:Prediction of reduction in predialysis concentrations due to interdialysis weight gain. 853 51

A novel long-term cultured interleukin (IL)-3-dependent human myelodysplastic cell line, MDS92, was shown to contain several myeloid-lineage cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, and a small number of megakaryocyte-lineage cells. Therefore this cell line possesses at least bipotential characteristics of myeloid- and megakaryocyte-lineages. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor clearly promoted the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity of MDS92 cells. To the contrary, the incidence and growth of CD41-positive cells were hardly affected by the addition of IL-6, IL-11, c-mpl ligand (thrombopoietin, TPO) or erythropoietin. TPO slightly supported the growth of CD34-positive cell fraction, but not CD41-positive cell fraction of MDS92 cells in combination with IL-3 or Steel factor. This cell line will be a useful tool for the study of MDS stem cells, but the mechanism of commitment of differentiation in MDS stem cells remains unknown.
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PMID:A novel factor-dependent human myelodysplastic cell line, MDS92, contains haemopoietic cells of several lineages. 854 20

In the past several years significant attention has been directed to the study of adynamic bone disease in uremic patients. Several reports have provided additional information about the prevalence of adynamic bone disease in different countries. It has now become clear that the pathogenesis of adynamic bone disease cannot be ascribed to one single aetiological factor, but rather to a host of complex factors. From recently published papers we have learned about the mechanism of downregulation of the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor on osteoblast-like cells, which may be a very important step in the pathogenesis of adynamic bone disease. A provocative hypothesis attempts to link the widespread use of erythropoietin to the emergence of adynamic bone disease-lacking excessive aluminium accumulation. It appears from some studies that bone-specific alkaline phosphatase might become a valuable tool in differentiating high turnover from low/normal turnover bone disease; however, further studies are needed to establish the role of this marker in the diagnosis of adynamic bone disease. Several papers discussed the pros and cons of lowering the calcium concentration of the dialysate in order to prevent adynamic bone disease. The results of these studies help us to understand the pathogenesis and the clinical relevance of this lesion in attempts to provide better care for our patients.
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PMID:Adynamic bone disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical relevance. 926 84

Augmentation of gamma-gene synthesis by using recombinant human erythropoietin (r-Hu-EPO) represents a new approach to the therapy of beta-thalassemia. A prospective study was conducted in 26 transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major patients. r-Hu-EPO (Eprex/Cilag, Switzerland) was given to the patients at an initial dose of 500 IU/kg s.c. 3 times a week for at least 2 months during which no transfusion was applied. A sustained hemoglobin (Hb) level greater than 8 g/dl was considered as a response to EPO treatment. In the patients whose Hb levels remained under 8 g/dl or did not increase in comparison to pretreatment levels within 4 weeks, the dose of r-Hu-EPO was increased to 1,000 IU/kg 3 times a week and applied for another 4 weeks. Only 16 cases also received oral iron supplementation. The whole blood and reticulocyte counts, the biochemical tests including BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and ferritin were done and the percentages of HbF and F cells were analyzed regularly. At the end of the 2nd month, 6 cases qualified to continue with the trial. At the end of the 6th month, r-Hu-EPO therapy was ceased in 3 cases of the 6 since their Hb levels had decreased below 7 g/dl. Only 3 cases (11.5%) continued with the r-Hu-EPO therapy without transfusion for up to 12 months. In conclusion, r-Hu-EPO may be useful in some selected transfusion-dependent patients with beta-thalassemia major. Selection criteria should include a mild beta-genotype of coinheritance of alpha-thalassemia, splenectomy and pretreatment reticulocyte response of the patients as well as the patients' compliance.
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PMID:Recombinant erythropoietin trial in children with transfusion-dependent homozygous beta-thalassemia. 940 97


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