Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute renal failure was diagnosed by clinical, necropsy and histological criteria in 39 flocks (20 low ground, 13 hill and six marginal upland) in areas served by six veterinary investigation centres. Forty-eight lambs of 12 different breeds or crosses were investigated. The mean age of affected lambs was 38 days (range seven to 84 days); 21 lambs (44 per cent) were aged seven to 28 days, while only eight (17 per cent) were older than two months. Mortality in clinically affected lambs was almost 100 per cent, with no response to various treatments. Histological examination showed that 40 lambs (83 per cent) had nephrosis, while the rest had toxic tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis or tubular damage associated with oxalate crystal deposits. Only about half of the lambs had any evidence of enteric infections or enteropathy. Acutely ill lambs had azotaemia, haemoconcentration and proteinuria; some lambs had glycosuria or haematuria. Samples of plasma from 22 lambs with nephrosis were compared with similar samples from 82 incontact but asymptomatic lambs. The clinically affected group had significantly elevated plasma urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, phosphorus and chloride concentrations and significantly reduced plasma calcium concentrations compared with healthy lambs. Affected lambs had a significant reduction also in the calcium:phosphorus ratio. No significant differences between groups was found in plasma concentrations of albumin, glucose, lactate, glycerol, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium or magnesium.
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PMID:Acute nephropathy in young lambs. 291 11

We estimated the utilization of calcium in spinach and calcium-oxalate to calcium-deficient rats, and the effect of oxalic acid on absorption of dietary calcium by using calcium-deficient rats. The body weight gain of the calcium-deficient rats for 8 days receiving a calcium-deficient diet supplemented with raw-powdered spinach (R-sp), boiled-powdered spinach (B-sp), or calcium-oxalate (Ca-ox), and a control diet supplemented with oxalic acid (OX-C) were 4.8, 2.8, 4.9, and 5.1 g, respectively. The calcium content in the liver and kidney of the rats receiving R-sp, B-sp, Ca-ox, and OX-C diets significantly increased as compared with the calcium-deficient rats. Significant differences in the liver calcium levels were not observed among the rats receiving various additional diets, though the content in the kidneys of the rats receiving R-sp, B-sp, Ca-ox, and OX-C diets were 28.0, 21.5, 0.11, and 0.59 mg, respectively. An especially large amount of calcium was accumulated in the kidneys of the rats receiving R-sp and B-sp diets. The calcium concentration in the serum of the rats receiving Ca-ox and OX-C diets was higher than the calcium concentration in the serum of the R-sp, B-sp, and calcium-deficient rats. The calcium content in the left tibiae of the rats receiving Ca-ox and OX-C diets was higher than that of the rats receiving R-sp and B-sp diets. The breaking force of the right tibiae of the rats was highest in the OX-C group, and higher in the R-sp and Ca-ox groups than the breaking force of the right tibiae of the rats fed on B-sp diet. The alkaline phosphatase activity in the small intestines of the rats rose in the order of the R-sp, B-sp, and Ca-ox groups, although significant differences of the activity were not observed between the Ca-ox and the OX-C groups. The calcium retention of the rats receiving the calcium-deficient, R-sp, B-sp, Ca-ox, and OX-C diets was -18.5, 35.2, 25.6, 41.6, and 45.8%, respectively. About 35% of the calcium in the spinach was absorbed by the calcium-deficient rats, and oxalic acid depressed the calcium absorption in the rats.
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PMID:The bioavailability of calcium in spinach and calcium-oxalate to calcium-deficient rats. 318 73

Cytochemical techniques were used for the light and electron microscopical localization of alkaline phosphatase and potassium-dependent nitrophenyl phosphatase in the epidermal ionocytes of the Teleost Blennius sanguinolentus. The heavier deposition of the reaction products obtained with the different media was shown in the cytoplasmic surface of the labyrinth tubules, the apical vesicles and in intimate association with plasmic membranes. Both plasma membranes and intracellular activities are affected by the addition of specific inhibitors L-p-bromotetramisole oxalate and ouabain) to both complete and control media. The significance of the cytoplasmic localization of both the two enzymes is discussed with reference to current models of transepithelial ion transportation.
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PMID:Ultrastructural demonstration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and K+-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (K+-p-NPPase) in the epidermal ionocytes of Blennius sanguinolentus. 608 41

The serum enzyme activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), serum glutamyl oxalate transaminase (sGOT) and serum glutamyl pyruvate transaminase (sGPT) were determined longitudinally in 51 patients with a disseminated non-seminomatous testicular tumor. Elevated levels of one or more enzymes before chemotherapy were observed in 13 patients, all with stage III disease. If, after two cycles of chemotherapy, the established tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic-gonadotropin (HCG) and/or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were normalized, the initially increased enzyme activities were declined to normal values as well. Peaking concentrations of one or more of the tumor markers during induction chemotherapy, probably due to tumor cell lysis, were found in 34 of 45 marker-positive patients (76%). In addition, increases of one or more of the investigated enzyme activities were also noticed in 20 patients. In 76% of these patients the highest point of the tumor marker concentration coincided well with that of the enzyme activities. Indications are given that the peak activities were probably not caused by liver damage. Enzyme elevations were also found in 3 out of 7 patients with progressive disease. The behaviour of the enzyme activities of GGT, AP, sGOT and sGPT in patients with a disseminated non-seminomatous testicular tumor coincided with the known tumor markers. It favors the hypothesis that these enzymes are synthesized in the tumor. The mortality amongst stage III patients with or without initially raised GGT levels differed significantly (P less than 0.02). Finally, it is concluded that in patients with a non-seminomatous testicular tumor, sGOT, sGPT, GGT and AP cannot be used to diagnose liver function.
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PMID:The pattern of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamyl oxalate transaminase and serum glutamyl pyruvate transaminase in patients with disseminated non-seminomatous testicular tumors. 620 Mar 28

1 A microsomal fraction was prepared from human umbilical arteries by differential centrifugation. The preparation was capable of an oxalate-stimulated Ca2+ uptake at a mean rate of 0.74 nmol Ca2+ mg-1 protein min-1 which could be inhibited by a Ca2+ ionophore, A 23 187, and by Tween 80. 2 The rate of Ca2+ uptake in the fraction obtained by density gradient fractionation paralleled 5'-nucleotidase activity suggesting that vesicles of predominantly sarcolemmal origin were responsible for the microsomal Ca2+ uptake. 3 Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase enhanced membrane phosphorylation but did not affect Ca2+ uptake. Preincubation with alkaline phosphatase reduced membrane phosphorylation to a greater extent than Ca2+ uptake. These data are not in favour of a close correlation between Ca2+ uptake and phosphorylation. 4 None of 15 vasodilator drugs (bencyclane, carbocromen, diazoxide, dilazep, hydralazine, indapamide, isosorbide dinitrate, methyl-isobutyl-xanthine, minoxidil, naftidrofuryl, nitroglycerine, prenylamine, sodium nitroprusside, tetracaine, and verapamil) had any effect on Ca2+ uptake at 10(-5) M. This suggests that vasodilator drugs do not act by a direct influence on the Ca2+ pumps of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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PMID:Effects of vasodilator drugs, alkaline phosphatase, and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase on the 45calcium uptake of sarcolemmal microsomes from human umbilical arteries. 625 79

In this communication, we propose a method for the determination in human serum of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase based on parallel measurements of enzyme activities in presence of 1-p-bromotetramisole oxalate and adenosine 5'-monophosphate. The employment of these specific inhibitors renders the discrimination between specific and non-specific activities feasible. A regression analysis identifies fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) as the origin of the specific and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) as the source of the non-specific fructose 1,6-bisphosphate dephosphorylating activities. This procedure lends itself to the diagnosis using serum samples of 'piecemeal' necrosis in liver disease.
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PMID:Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis. I. Activity measurements of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in human serum. 632 Oct 61

Acid phosphatase activity was studied biochemically in homogenates of secretory enamel organs from the rat. Incubations with crude homogenate failed to show distinct pH optima or kinetics characteristic for single enzymes. Crude homogenate activity was strongly inhibited by concentrations higher than 1 mM of NaF and Na-tartrate, and higher than 10 mM of ZnSO4 and para-bromotetramisole oxalate. 10 mM MgCl2 gave a slight stimulation. CaCl2, KCl and EDTA were uneffective. Electrophoretic separation of the crude homogenate acid phosphatase on Triton X-100 containing polyacrylamide gel demonstrated the presence of at least three multiple forms of the enzyme. Two of them showed distinct pH optima at pH 4.4. The third one showed a broad pH plateau in the acid pH range. Kinetic studies of the three forms indicated single enzyme reactions. Two forms had electrophoretic mobilities similar to alkaline phosphatase. One form could be solubilized only after Triton X-100 treatment. All forms were strongly sensitive to 10 mM NaF when added to the reaction mixture. The sensibility to 10 mM ZnSO4, CuSO4, Na-tartrate and para-bromotetramisole oxalate differed between the different forms.
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PMID:Multiple forms of acid phosphatase in rat secretory enamel organ. 695 66

At the University of Minnesota, under the supervision of one staff surgeon, both the jejunoileal bypass (JIB) and gastric bypass (GIB) operations have been done for weight reduction in morbidly obese individuals. Over the past 11 years, end-to-end (40 to 4 cm) JIB performed for 727 patients. In addition, antecolic GIB was performed for 364 patients over the past 6 years. This report is based primarily on a comparison of 205 JIB and 106 GIB patients with surgery between July 1975 and July 1979. Adequate weight loss was seen in 75% of each group. The percentage of excess body weight loss was similar for the first year (65% for JIB and 62% for GIB); however, the JIB patients started at 214% of ideal weight and GIB patients at 197% of ideal weight. The operative mortality rate for either operation was well below 1%, and the immediate operative morbidity rate was low and only rarely delayed discharge from the hospital. The long-term complications for JIB were 37.7% arthralgia or arthritis, 7.1% oxalate urolithiasis, 5.6 incisional hernia, and 1.4% liver failure; complications of GIB were 10.2% nausea and/or vomiting, 1.9% reflux esophagitis, and 2.8% anastomotic problems. At 1 year, plasma cholesterol reductions for JIB patients averaged 42% (P less than 0.001), whereas for the GIB patients it ws only 14% (P less than 0.001). At 1 year after operation, 49% of 88 JIB patients showed progression of liver disease on sequential biopsies, with 31% unchanged and 20% improved. In 43 GIB patients, the biopsies showed improvement in 58%, an unchanged status in 30%, and worsening in 12%. The levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase increased after JIB and eventually returned to normal, while GIB patients had only minor fluctuations of liver function tests. Comparable therapeutic weight results occurred with JIB and GIB; however, the GIB was associated with far fewer serious long-term complications and the JIB with a far greater cholesterol lowering. A percentage of the GIB patients showed progression of liver disease at 1 year after bypass.
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PMID:Comparisons between jejunoileal and gastric bypass operations for morbid obesity. 710 Nov 25

The effect of sodium pentosan polysulphate (SPP) was investigated in calcium oxalate stone forming rats with respect to the urinary excretion of certain risk factors and enzymes. Calcium oxalate stones were induced by feeding 3% w/w sodium glycollate to the rats. Urinary calcium, oxalate, phosphorus and uric acid levels were increased in stone formers. In contrast magnesium excretion was low in this group. SPP treatment lowered oxalate and calcium levels in both controls and experimental animals. Magnesium levels were increased moderately. Increased excretion of urinary enzymes--LDH, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-GT and beta glucuronidase--in calculogenic rats indicates membranuria and damage to proximal tubules during stone formation. Decreased pyrophosphatase activity was observed in glycollate fed rats. SPP treatment decreased the excretion of the above enzymes in the treated groups. Stone formers exhibited decreased LAP and fibrinolytic (urokinase) activities. SPP being associated with fibrinolytic properties, increased the activities of the above two enzymes to that of control levels in calculogenic rats.
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PMID:Alterations in some risk factors and urinary enzymes in urolithiatic rats treated with sodium pentosan polysulphate. 768 93

A combined supplement of magnesium oxide (300 mg/day) and pyridoxine.HCl (10 mg/day) was given p.o. to 16 recurrent calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formers, and its therapeutic efficacy was biochemically evaluated by measuring various parameters of blood (Na, K, Mg, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, uric acid, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase) and urine (volume, pH, creatinine, Na, K, Mg, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, oxalate and citrate) at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of treatment. Serum Mg significantly (P < 0.01) increased after 30 days of treatment and remained constant thereafter while other blood parameters were unaltered. Combined treatment led to a significant increase in the urinary excretion of Mg and citrate over pretreatment values while oxalate excretion showed a gradual and significant decline during the therapy. The results confirmed the efficacy of MgO-pyridoxine supplementation in terms of changes in urinary excretion of lithogenic and inhibitory components, leading to a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in CaOx risk index from 0.09 +/- 0.04 at 0 day to 0.05 +/- 0.02 after 120 days of treatment.
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PMID:Effect of combined supplementation of magnesium oxide and pyridoxine in calcium-oxalate stone formers. 799 61


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