Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sodium zeolite A (SZA), a synthetic sodium aluminosilicate having a high ion exchange capacity, has been shown to influence Ca and P utilization in chickens. A 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the effect of dietary P (.41, .55, and .69% total P), Ca (.6 and 1%), and SZA (0 and .75%) on growth, plasma, and tibia characteristics of chicks from 5 to 15 days of age. Growth, feed intake, gain:feed ratio, and tibia characteristics were influenced by dietary Ca and P in a manner consistent with dietary recommendations for these macro minerals. The addition of Ca, SZA, or both exacerbated the adverse effects of feeding low-P diets, yet alleviated the adverse effects of feeding a low-Ca, high-P diet. Dietary SZA had no effect (P greater than .5) on plasma Ca or alkaline phosphatase; however, SZA reduced (P less than .01) plasma P. Dietary SZA increased (P less than .02) tibia Mn, Zn, Cu, and Al. The SZA-induced increase in tibia Al was most evident in chicks fed low levels of P (SZA by P interaction, P less than .02). The overall response to dietary SZA addition paralleled the response observed from Ca supplementation, indicating that SZA increased Ca utilization, reduced P utilization, or contributed to both of these effects. These data demonstrate that the effects of SZA are influenced by the dietary concentration of Ca and P and that the addition of SZA to diets low in P results in bone Al accumulation.
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PMID:Effect of dietary sodium zeolite A and graded levels of calcium and phosphorus on growth, plasma, and tibia characteristics of chicks. 131 80

A 3-year-old child presented with vague abdominal pain, fever, leucocytosis and elevation of alkaline phosphatase. Ultrasonography revealed a space occupying process within the extrahepatic bile ducts surrounded by fluid. Various densities (between 15-25 Hounsfield units) were measured in this intrabiliary tumor by computed tomography.
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PMID:Sonographic and computed tomographic features of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tract. 639 Mar 23

A simple spot test to measure galactose and galactose-1-phosphate in blood-impregnated filter paper was studied as a screening test for galactosemia in the newborn. A 3-mm disc punched from blood-impregnated filter paper card was fixed with acetone-methanol and incubated in a reaction mixture containing galactose dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. This reaction mixture was then spotted on DEAE-cellulose paper, dried, and observed under a UV-lamp. The minimum amount of galactose detected by this procedure was 2 mg/dl. Estimation of galactose and galactose-1-phosphate with this procedure correlated well with estimation by bacterial assay.
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PMID:Galactose and galactose-1-phosphate spot test for galactosemia screening. 701 38

A 3-yr 8-mo-old female was diagnosed as having a congenital stricture of the common hepatic duct. She demonstrated hepatomegaly with marked elevations of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bile acids without clinical jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia. Liver biopsy suggested extrahepatic obstruction. Ultrasonography was nondiagnostic, but percutaneous cholangiography demonstrated blockage at the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts. A Roux-en-Y anastomosis of the jejunum to the common hepatic ducts relieved the obstruction and ameliorated clinical evidence of liver disease.
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PMID:Congenital stricture of the common hepatic duct: an unusual case without jaundice. 745 Apr 27

A 3-year follow-up study was performed of bone metabolism and bone changes induced by surgical menopause as a consequence of hysterectomy and oophorectomy (OVX) is 52 nonmenopausal women. We investigated 22 bone parameters and determined seven bone indices as indicators of bone mineral content by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and microdensitometry (MD). The significant correlations between levels of sex hormones and/or bone parameters and bone indices demonstrated that marked sex-steroid deficiency after surgical menopause induced bone uncoupling during high bone turnover and subsequent rapid bone loss on the early period after OVX. Principal component analysis using correlation coefficients suggested a seven-loading-factor matrix composed of bone parameters and a two-loading-factor matrix composed of bone indices. Two groups of parameters--estradiol and estriol, and androstenedione together, and luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone together--indicated that the rate of bone loss was greater in the trabecular bone than in the cortical bone. Three other groups of parameters--urine calcium, urine hydroxyproline, and serum bone Gla-protein together; serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D] together; and plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase--indicated that bone uncoupling, with a prevalence of resorption over formation of bone, was greater in trabecular bone than is cortical bone and also that magnitude and rate of bone loss in the axial vertebrae surpassed those in the appendicular metacarpals after OVX. Two other groups of parameters, namely, trabecular bone mineral density (Dd) and bone mineral content (Dc), both measured by DXA, and bone mineral density (L2, L3), measured by QCT, together; and the cortical thickness index (MCI), cortical bone mineral density (sigmaGS/D), and the ratio of GSmin/max, measured by MD, indicated that the relative rates of bone reduction at the 3-year follow-up were greater in the axial vertebrae than in the appendicular metacarpals. Thus, bone change in the trabecular bone was associated with rapid loss during the early phase after OVX, whereas that in the cortical bone was slow during the late phase.
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PMID:Analysis of relationships between sex hormone dynamics and bone metabolism and changes in bone mass in surgically induced menopause. 867 62

Ninety-six weanling pigs (initial BW = 9.3 kg, initial age = 37 d) were used in a 4-wk experiment to evaluate the response to three Ca: total (t) P ratios (1.2:1, 1.6:1, or 2.0:1) fed in combination with two P levels (.07 or .16% available that correspond to .36 or .45% tP) and two phytase levels (PY; 700 or 1,050 units/kg of diet). A 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed using a corn-soybean meal diet. Performance, serum mineral concentrations and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Ca and P digestibility and excretion, and bone mechanical measurements were examined. Average daily gain (P < .001), average daily feed intake (P < .01), and gain:feed (P < .05) were decreased linearly as the Ca:tP ratio became wider. The digestibility of P and Ca were decreased (P < .001) linearly as the Ca:tP ratio became wider. The digestibility of P (P < .001) and fecal P excretion (P < .01) were increased at the higher level of P. Increasing PY from 700 to 1,050 units (U)/kg of diet increased (P < .05) P digestibility and decreased (P < .01) P excretion but did not improve bone measurements. Shear force, stress and energy, and percentage of ash of both metacarpal and 10th rib linearly decreased (P < .001 to .05) as the Ca:tP ratio became wider, and bone measurements were generally greater for pigs fed the higher P level. Serum Ca concentration increased (P < .01) and the P concentration decreased (P < .001) as the Ca:tP ratio increased, but Mg, Zn, and ALP activity were not influenced by the Ca:tP ratio. Serum Ca and P concentrations were affected by PY supplementation over the 4-wk trial, but serum Mg and Zn concentrations were not affected by dietary treatments. Adverse effects of a wide Ca:tP ratio were greater at the low P diet for all responses. In addition, the activity of supplemental PY in diets seemed to be decreased as the Ca:tP ratio became wider and this negative effect of Ca:tP ratio seemed greater at the low P level, and seemed to parallel the effects of Ca:tP ratio on performance, P digestibility, bone, and serum measurements. Narrowing the dietary Ca:total P ratio from 2.0:1 to 1.2:1 led to an approximate 16% increase in phytase efficacy for improving performance, digestibility, bone measurements, and serum Ca levels.
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PMID:Adverse effects of wide calcium:phosphorus ratios on supplemental phytase efficacy for weanling pigs fed two dietary phosphorus levels. 879 Dec 1

The modular organization of the type I collagen promoter allows creation of promoter-reporter constructs with preferential activity in different type I collagen-producing tissues that might be useful to mark cells at different stages of osteoblastic differentiation. Primary marrow stromal cell (MSC) and mouse calvarial osteoblast (mCOB) cultures were established from transgenic mice harboring different Col1a1 promoter fragments driving chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). In these models, Col1a1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are the first markers of differentiation appearing soon after the colonies develop. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is detected 2-3 days later, followed by osteocalcin (OC) expression and nodule mineralization. A 3.6 Col1a1 fragment (ColCAT3.6) initiated activity concomitant with ALP staining and type I collagen mRNA expression. In contrast, a 2.3 Col1a1 fragment (ColCAT2.3) became active coincident with BSP expression. The pattern of transgene expression assessed by immunostaining was distinctly different. ColCAT3.6 was expressed within and at the periphery of developing nodules whereas the ColCAT2.3 expression was restricted to the differentiated nodules. The feasibility of using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a marker of osteoblast differentiation was evaluated in ROS17/2.8 cells. A 2.3-kilobase (kb) Col1a1 promoter driving GFP (pOB4Col2.3GLP) was stably transfected into the cell line and positive clones were selected. Subcultures lost and then regained GFP expression that was localized in small clusters of cells throughout the culture. This suggests that expression from the 2.3-kb Col1A1 fragment is determined by the state of differentiation of the ROS17/2.8 cells. Col1a1 transgenes should be useful in appreciating the heterogeneity of a primary or immortalized culture undergoing osteoblastic differentiation.
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PMID:Col1a1-driven transgenic markers of osteoblast lineage progression. 1145 Jun 98

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane materials, per se, on the periodontal tissue regeneration. Rat periodontal ligament (PDL)-derived cells were used to study the attachment, proliferation and differentiation, in vitro, on various GTR membranes. Five commercially available membranes bovine type I collagen (BioMend; BM), bovine type I atelocollagen (Tissue Guide; TG), polylactic acid (Epi-Guide; EG), co-polymer of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid (Resolute; RL) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene: e-PTFE (Gore Tex; GT)-were examined. A 3 x 3 mm section of the membrane was fixed to the bottom of a 35 x 10 mm style culture dish and plated with 2 ml of cell suspension at an initial density of 5 x 10(4) cells/ml in culture medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. For cell growth analysis, the specimens were fixed with 10% buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin at 1.5 hours and 1, 3 and 5 days after cell seeding. The number of cells included in a unit area of 0.25 mm2 were counted under light microscopy. As a comparative scaffold of cell proliferation, a plastic cover for cell culture slip (Celldesk; CD) was used. For analysis of cell differentiation, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcification were histochemically revealed after 2-week cultivation. The initial number of PDL cells attached to the membrane at 1.5 hours after cell seeding was different among membranes. RL, TG and EG had the same level of attached cell numbers as that on CD, while the cell numbers on GT and BM were significantly lower than that on CD (p < 0.01). The rate of cell proliferation with time also differed among the membranes examined. RL and BM demonstrated a significantly higher number of cells at 5 days than at 1.5 hours (p < 0.01). TG had increased numbers of cells at 3 and 5 days after cell seeding. However, there was no statistical difference between the cell numbers at 1.5 hours and 5 days after cell seeding (p > 0.1). EG had a similar number of cell attachments to that at 1.5 hours throughout the experimental period. There was almost no cell proliferation on GT. Cell clusters of ALP positive cells and foci of calcification were seen on all membranes except for GT, where a scant number of cells were seen. Results from this study implied that GTR membrane materials, per se, may influence cell proliferation and differentiation in the process of periodontal tissue regeneration.
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PMID:Attachment, proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament cells on various guided tissue regeneration membranes. 1158 20

PTH-related protein (PTHrP) is homologous with PTH. PTH, an effective anabolic agent for treating osteoporosis, has been shown to stimulate both bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. We examined whether PTHrP might share anabolic properties in osteoporosis. A 3-month double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed in 16 healthy postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. All received calcium and vitamin D, and all continued their prior hormone replacement therapy. One group also received daily sc PTHrP (6.56 microg/kg x d, or approximately 400 microg/d), and the other group received placebo injections. The PTHrP group displayed a 4.7% increase in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and also demonstrated an increase in osteoblastic bone formation, as assessed using serum osteocalcin measurements. In contrast, there was no increase in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and collagen-1 propeptide or either of two markers of osteoclastic bone resorption, N-telopeptide, or deoxypyridinoline. One subject in the placebo group withdrew from the study, but there were no significant adverse events in the PTHrP group. PTHrP administered sc in high doses for only 3 months appears to be a potent anabolic agent, producing a 4.7% increase in lumbar spine BMD. This compares very favorably to available antiresorptive drugs for osteoporosis and is similar to the increases in BMD at this early time point reported for PTH. Despite the high doses, PTHrP was well tolerated. Larger clinical trials are required to confirm these results and fully assess the anabolic potential of PTHrP in osteoporosis.
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PMID:Short-term, high-dose parathyroid hormone-related protein as a skeletal anabolic agent for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. 1257 82

A 3-year-old Quarter Horse halter stallion was referred for routine semen evaluation. Physically, the stallion's reproductive organs appeared normal. Repeated semen evaluations did not reveal any spermatozoa. Because high activities of alkaline phosphatase are detected in the epididymal fluid and indicative of complete ejaculation, alkaline phosphatase activities were analyzed in several samples, which yielded activities far less than reference values and suggested a blockage of the reproductive tract. Endoscopic evaluation of the urethra and the bulbourethral, prostate, and urethral gland ducts did not reveal abnormalities. The left ductus deferens was exposed surgically, and attempts to pass a catheter through it in a normograde direction met resistance after 20 cm. Laparoscopic abdominal surgery revealed the ductus deferens tapered to a thin structure just cranial to the entrance in the urogenital fold, cranial and lateral to the bladder. Both ductus deferentia were similarly affected. The symmetry and bilateral nature of the abnormalities were strong indications of a possible congenital defect.
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PMID:Azoospermia associated with bilateral segmental aplasia of the ductus deferens in a stallion. 1283 Aug 68


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