Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We assessed, in 98 patients with cancer, the diagnostic value of measuring serum alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase activities as an aid to detection of liver metastases. All four enzymes showed diagnostic value, but 5'-nucleotidase appeared to have the greatest. It showed the lowest false-positive results (7.4%) with the highest predictive value of a positive test (85.7%) and agreement (81.3%).. gamma-Glutamyltransferase showed the lowest proportion of false-negative results (2.8%), but was the least specific 35% false-positive results). Analysis of various test combinations showed that the best agreement (77.5%) was obtained when the patients were divided into those who had no or only one abnormal test result, and those who had two or more abnormal test results. However, this was not better than the agreement for 5' nucleotidase alone (81.3%). The agreement of 5'-nucleotidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (i.e., both tests were positive or negative) was excellent (91.4%), but such agreement included only 67% of the patients with liver metastases.
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PMID:Value of alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase activity measurements (single and combined) in serum in diagnosis of metastasis to the liver. 2 Oct 41

1. Pretreatment of frozon cryostat sections with formaldehyde or calcium ions inhibits diffusion of the plasma membrane enzymes 5' nucleotidase, ATP-ase and alkaline phosphatase during incubation. 2. Treatment of fixed sections with different kinds of buffer at 37 degrees C induces diffusion of enzyme activity from the plasma membrane to other sites of the section and into the incubation medium. This buffer influence depends on temperature: at 4 degrees C only a slight diffusion occurs. Addition of phospholipase C, digitonin or taurocholate to the buffer opposes the buffer effect. 3. Pretreatment of frozen cryostat sections with a mixture of equal parts of chloroform and acetone give a good fixation of the plasma membrane enzymes 5'-nucleotidase, ATP-ase, alkaline phosphate and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase. During this treatment the different kinds of lipids present in the membrane are ex-racted equally. After this fixation buffer treatment does not cause a visible diffusion of enzyme activity in the section. Only a slight diffusion (1 till 7 percent) into the buffer solution takes place. 4. The mentioned treatments open up possibilities to get insight into the membrane anchorage of plasma membrane enzymes.
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PMID:Influence of fixation and buffer treatment on the release of enzymes from the plasma membrane. 14 99

A case of tolazamide-induced hepatic injury is reported. Injury was documented by abnormal liver tests, including an elevated alkaline phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. Liver biopsy confirmed the degree and type of injury which consisted of severe portal inflammation, bile duct proliferation and early fibrosis. The case is reported to further establish tolazamide as a drug capable of producing hepatic injury and to report a new form of hepatic injury attributable to a sulfonylurea agent.
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PMID:Tolazamide-induced hepatic dysfunction. 64 91

Transient hepatic secretory obstruction manifested primarily by chemical evidence of cholestasis with a conjugated bilirubin above 2.0 mg/100 ml occurred in eight of 19 neonates and infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. The incidence of cholestasis was greater in the premature than full-term infant. Prospective determinations of conjugated bilirubin and 5' nucleotidase are essential to detecting cholestasis before jaundice becomes obvious. These tests are more sensitive than serum alkaline phosphatase which normally rises after birth and during periods of accelerated osteoblastic activity. Preliminary data indicate that the 5' nucleotidase is the most sensitive indicator of secretory obstruction and may become elevated in patients with a normal direct bilirubin. The etiology of hepatic cholestasis during total parenteral nutrition is unknown but is presumed to be caused by interference with hepatocellular enzymes controlling bile secretion; immaturity of these enzyme systems increases the risk of secretory obstruction.
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PMID:Hepatic secretory obstruction with total parenteral nutrition in the infant. 80 74

Some biological and neurochemical properties of the venom of stonefish (Syanceja horrida) were investigated. The venom exhibited oedema-inducing, haemolytic, hyaluronidase, thrombin-like, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, 5' nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase, phosphodiesterase, arginine esterase, and arginine amidase activities. Recalcification clotting time, prothrombin, and kaolin-cephalin clotting times were increased 1.7-2.3- and 2.4-fold respectively. The LD50 (i.v. mouse) was 300 micrograms/Kg. Its effects on uptake and stimulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and release were observed in rat brain synaptosomes. In the presence of 100 micrograms venom, uptake of [methyl-3H] choline in rat brain synaptosomes was inhibited 70%, while that of 4-amino-n-[U-14C] butyric acid was inhibited 20%. The toxin also stimulated the release of [3H]-acetylcholine from the synaptosomes.
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PMID:Biological activities of Synanceja horrida (stonefish) venom. 136 68

The ontogeny of reticular cells in the ileal Peyer's patch of sheep from 70 days gestational age was studied by light and electron microscopy and by enzyme histochemistry. Small to medium-sized lymphocytes were seen in the lamina propria at 97 days, when the stroma was essentially still mesenchymal. By 110 days, the stromal cells in the dome/follicle primordia had differentiated into reticular fibroblasts, whose processes and fibers were seen to surround groups of lymphocytes. With advancing age the number and size of primordia increased, and proliferation was obvious among the lymphocytes. Processes of reticular cells increased in number and penetrated between individual lymphocytes of the groups. Coarser desmosome-like contacts were seen between the reticular cells from 115 days onwards. A central light area in the follicle was apparent from 130 days onwards. The fine structure of the stromal cells in this light follicle center developed towards but never became similar to that of follicular dendritic cells in a typical germinal center. The fine interdigitating end branches of the stromal cells were less numerous, and the dense homogeneous material present in between the end branches was not observed in the ileal Peyer's patch follicle. Instead, small particles and vesicles were seen between the various cell types of the light center and were not restricted to the intercellular spaces between the stromal cells. In the dark peripheral zone of the follicle, the stromal cells retained more immature features. The follicle became bordered by a capsule at an early stage. This capsule was formed by multiple layers of flattened fibroblasts separated by small amounts of intercellular material only. The alkaline phosphatase, Mg(2+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase reactivities of the follicular dendritic cells in the ileal Peyer's patch were similar to those of early prenatal primary follicles of sheep lymph nodes. This study indicates that the stromal cells of the ileal Peyer's patch are mesenchymal in nature and different from those of germinal centers and the epithelial stromal cells of bursa Fabricii of birds.
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PMID:Ontogeny of reticular cells in the ileal Peyer's patch of sheep and goats. 165 25

Owing to the lack of data about thymic non-lymphoid cells in fish we decided to perform a histochemical characterization of these cells in order to ascertain their relationships to other thymic components. In the present study we analyze the enzyme-histochemical patterns for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, non-specific sigma-naphthyl acetate esterase and 5' nucleotidase activities, as well as the presence of keratin demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining, in the non-lymphoid cell populations of the thymus of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. According to their location in the organ, morphology and histochemical reactivities, we were able to define seven different subpopulations of keratin-positive epithelial cells: 1) Epithelial cells limiting with the capsular and septal connective tissues; 2) Subcapsular epithelial cells; 3) Stellate epithelial cells of the inner thymic zone; 4) Large, ovoid epithelial cells of the inner thymic zone; 5) Acidophilic epithelial cells of the outer thymic zone; 6) Cystic cells; and 7) Goblet cells. The significance of the heterogeneity of the epithelial cell (EC) population, its specific distribution in the organ, which apparently conforms distinct cell microenvironments, as well as the possible phylogenetical relationships between these microenvironments and the classical cortex and medulla of the mammalian thymus, are discussed.
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PMID:Enzyme- and immuno-histochemical study of the thymic stroma in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, Richardson. 169 32

Surface antigens of adult filarial parasite S. digitata was isolated by employing techniques from manual dissection to treatment with detergents. Among the surface antigen preparations (SAPs), the activities of marker enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase were higher with that isolated by triton X-100 technique (SAP2). On SDS-PAGE, the SAP2 has three major proteins with molecular weights 17, 29 and 36 KD which were consistent with the PBS soluble cuticular proteins (SAP1). Besides these, few other minor protein bands were also observed with the other SAPs. All SAPs were antigenic and showed positive reaction against antiserum to SAP2, and the results confirmed the SAP2 as a better preparation. The release of 29 KD surface protein during in vitro culture of adult parasite and its cross-reactivity with antiserum to surface antigens revealed the possible natural shedding of surface molecules into the host system.
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PMID:Isolation and analysis of surface antigens of filarial nematode Setaria digitata. 176 14

The diagnostic efficacy of five serum liver function tests (aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase, and bilirubin) was investigated in 95 bone marrow transplant recipients in whom acute graft-vs-host disease was graded by the Seattle criteria. The patient population included a control group of 22 autologous transplant recipients (group I), 33 patients with no GVHD (group II), 21 patients with grades 1 and 2 GVHD (group III), 12 patients with grade 3 GVHD (group IV), and 7 patients with grade 4 GVHD (group V). Student t test analysis of the analytes among the five groups of patients showed that 5' nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase were the best discriminants among all the possible combinations of group pairs. Peak levels of 5' nucleotidase within each group of patients correlated well with those of alkaline phosphatase in all the allogeneic transplant groups (II-V; r = 0.59), but the correlation of these with bilirubin was less frequent. Also, 5' nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase showed significant discrimination (P less than 0.05) even between groups I and II, suggesting that they are more sensitive than the Seattle criteria in the diagnosis of GVHD. They also showed the best overall discriminatory ability by one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA; P = 0.0001 as compared with 0.002, 0.009, and 0.04 for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin, respectively). Receiver-operating curves of the five analytes again revealed that 5' nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase were by far the best discriminators among the five groups of patients. Bilirubin was relatively insensitive because it was a good discriminator only between the control group and groups IV and V. The hepatocellular enzymes, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, correlated well (r = 0.80) but discriminated poorly among the four groups of allogeneic transplant recipients (II-V), suggesting that all four groups had some measure of hepatocellular damage that was independent of the severity of GVHD.
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PMID:Serum 5'nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase--highly predictive liver function tests for the diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant recipients. 255 45

In the present study we have localized neutral phosphatase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and 5' nucleotidase in the sinusoidal cells of rat liver using enzyme cytochemistry at light and electron microscopical level. Neutral phosphatase was present in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of parenchymal cells and of sinusoidal endothelial, Kupffer and fat-storing cells. The intensity of the neutral phosphatase reaction was stronger in sinusoidal than in parenchymal cells. Sinusoidal cells were devoid of cytochemically demonstrable alkaline phosphatase. Abundant acid phosphatase was present in the many lysosomes of endothelial and Kupffer cells. Substantially less acid phosphatase-positive lysosomes were found in fat-storing cells. 5' nucleotidase was present on the cell membrane of fat-storing cells, on 90% of all Kupffer cells and on the microvilli of parenchymal cells. We have further shown that combined staining for 5' nucleotidase and for endogenous peroxidase, offers a histochemical tool to discriminate between the three main sinusoidal cell types in normal rat liver.
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PMID:Localization of four phosphatases in rat liver sinusoidal cells. An enzyme cytochemical study. 284 79


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