Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven hundred clinical laboratories in all over 27 provinces in Indonesia participated the Indonesian External Quality Assurance Scheme (Program Nasional Pemantapan Kualitas Laboratorium Kesehatan bidang Kimia Klinik). Among those laboratories, the government laboratory account for 288 (41%), and the rest 412 (59%) are private laboratories. Automatic analyzer was used by approximately 22% of the participating laboratories. Seventeen analytes were included in the program: bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, total protein, urea, uric acid, triglycerides, AST, ALT, calcium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-GT, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Using WHO scoring system, median overall VIS of 128 was obtained. It means that the all over performance was fairly good . Bilirubin got the best median VIS (33). Sodium (median VIS 177), potassium (162) and chloride (209) got the worst VIS compared to the other parameters.
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PMID:Country report: Clinical chemistry in Indonesia. 1092 52

Quantitative estimation of urinary enzymes has been advocated as a more sensitive marker than conventional renal function tests to assess radio-contrast media induced nephrotoxicity. We studied 27 subjects with normal renal functions who underwent abdominal aortography for varied indications. Among these, 8 also required selective renal arteriography and 3 underwent arch aortography in addition. Sodium iothalamate was used as a radio-contrast medium and the average amount injected was 73 ml (45 to 120 ml) per subject. Standard renal function assessment including urinalysis, 24 hour urinary protein excretion, creatinine clearance done both before and after aortography did not show any significant alteration. Urinary excretion of tubular enzymes including leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and maltase (MAL) was estimated before and 2, 24 and 48 hours after aortography. All enzymes showed a significant rise at 2 hours. Urinary excretion of LAP, ALP and GGT peaked at 24 hours after aortography without a further change in MAL levels. Enzymuria returned to baseline values 48 hours following the procedure. It is concluded that an increase in the urinary excretion of the brush-border enzymes within 24 hours of contrast media administration may suggest an early nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Quantitative enzymuria following aorto-renal angiography. 1099 87

This randomized, single blind clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of BP88 Sodium Stibogluconate (SS) to Glucantime(R) (N-methyl-glucamine), (GL). Sixty-three patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 32 patients were treated with GL and 3l patients were treated with SS. Both groups received 15mg Sb+5/kg/day for 20 days. Toxicity was evaluated through EKG, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, and lipase, assessed before treatment, on day 10 and day 20 of treatment and 90 days after treatment. In the group treated with GL, 81% (26/32) of patients were cured compared to 77% (24/31) in the SS group. Five (16%) patients relapsed in the GL group compared to 6 (19%) in the SS group. One patient in each group did not respond to treatment. AST, ALT, amylase, and lipase were more elevated in the SS group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the efficacy of both treatments was similar although there was more toxicity in the ES group.
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PMID:[Comparative assessment of the efficacy and toxicity of N-methyl-glucamine and BP88 sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis]. 1117 83

Thirteen steers (378+/-23 kg) were used in a split-plot experimental design to evaluate the effect of small intestinal carbohydrate on sodium-glucose cotransport in brush border membrane vesicles prepared from five equidistant sites along the small intestine. The steers consumed 7.2+/-0.4 kg/d ground fescue hay and soybean meal-based supplement and were infused ruminally or postruminally with a partial alpha-amylase starch hydrolysate (914.5+/-8.3 g/d) for 7 d. On d 7, five equidistant 1-m small intestinal sections were harvested and frozen in liquid N for later preparation of brush-border membrane vesicles. Maltase activity of the homogenate and vesicle preparations changed (P < 0.001; lowest in the duodenum, highest in the jejunum) and alkaline phosphatase decreased (P < 0.001) along the small intestine. With respect to the original homogenates, the vesicle preparations were enriched 9.80+/-0.83- and 7.64+/-0.67-fold for alkaline phosphatase and maltase, respectively; enrichments were not different between treatments (P = 0.76 and 0.39, respectively). However, alkaline phosphatase and maltase enrichment changed (P < 0.001) along the small intestine. Recoveries of alkaline phosphatase and maltase activities (25.0+/-0.2% and 19.5+/-0.2%, respectively) in the vesicle preparation were not affected (P = 0.29 and 0.21, respectively) by treatment but changed (P < 0.001) along the intestine. Recovery of protein in the vesicle preparation was 2.60+/-0.01% and was not affected by treatment or intestinal site. Sodium-glucose cotransport activity (220+/-44 pmol x mg(-1) x s(-1)) was not affected (P = 0.34) by treatment but did change (P < 0.001; lowest in the ileum, highest in the proximal and mid-jejunum) along the small intestine. Apparent Km of the sodium-glucose cotransporter for glucose was 62.8+/-5.8 microM. The specific activity of maltase was highest in the jejunum, and sodium-glucose cotransport was highest in the first two jejunal sites. However, duodenal maltase activity was lowest and ileal sodium-glucose cotransport activity was lowest. Sodium-glucose cotransport activity may limit small intestinal starch assimilation in the distal small intestine. It does not seem that glucose arising from carbohydrate hydrolysis regulates activity of sodium-dependent glucose transport in cattle.
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PMID:Influence of alpha-linked glucose on sodium-glucose cotransport activity along the small intestine in cattle. 1146 80

This study examined immune cell and blood chemistry changes occurring in trained weightlifters after 1 week of rest followed by 6 weeks of Olympic-style resistance exercise. Blood was drawn weekly after 1 day of rest at the same time and on the same day of the week for 7 weeks. Lymphocyte numbers increased in weeks 5 through 7. Sodium concentration rose above entry levels in week 2, remained elevated, and peaked in week 5. Direct bilirubin dropped below baseline values in the final week. Chloride and alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased as training progressed. Chloride, potassium, albumin, CO(2), and alkaline phosphatase concentrations peaked in weeks 4 through 6. Serum creatinine was elevated in weeks 2 through 5. Data indicate that resistance training induces changes in immune cell count and blood chemistry that remain within, or near, normal clinical values. It appears that resistance training does not induce immunosuppression or negatively affect hepatic or renal function.
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PMID:Serum chemistry and hematological adaptations to 6 weeks of moderate to intense resistance training. 1242 78

Abnormal glomerular glycosaminoglycan metabolism is involved in the onset of the morphological and functional aberrations of glomerulopathies. In the present study, a heparin derivative, low-molecular-weight heparin, was tested for its ability to afford renoprotection in an established model of experimental glomerulopathy. Two groups of male albino rats of the Wistar strain (140 +/- 10 g) received a single intravenous injection of adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg) to induce glomerulopathy, and one of them received low-molecular-weight heparin (Certoparin Sodium, Troparin; 300 microg/day/rat s.c.) treatment, commencing on day 8, for a week. Urinary protein/creatinine ratio, serum albumin, urea, uric acid and creatinine clearance were evaluated. Renal cell injury was assessed in terms of renal tissue lactate dehydrogenase, aminotransferases (aspartate and alanine transaminases) and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as renal antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, vitamins E and C). The kidney tissue was subjected to histopathologic examination. Low-molecular-weight heparin significantly reduced proteinuria and improved creatinine clearance and serum albumin levels in the rats with glomerulopathy. The significant rise in serum uric acid in the rats with glomerulopathy was reversed by low-molecular-weight heparin. Altered tissue enzyme activities in response to injury, oxidative stress challenged renal antioxidant system and abnormal renal histology were observed in the untreated nephrotic rats, while low-molecular-weight heparin treatment protected the nephrotic rats against these changes. Thus, in this study, low-molecular-weight heparin was evaluated for its role in combating glomerular injury, on the basis of some salient biochemical parameters, oxidative injury indices and histologic picture. The ability of low-molecular-weight heparin to restore glomerular anatamo-functional features in this nephrotoxic condition illuminates its multi-faceted renoprotective role.
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PMID:The cytoprotective role of a low-molecular-weight heparin fragment studied in an experimental model of glomerulotoxicity. 1457 5

In this study, we introduce a porous composite material, termed "Ecopore", and describe in vitro investigation of the material and its modification with fibronectin. The material is a sintered compound of rutile TiO2 and the volcanic silicate perlite with a macrostructure of interconnecting pores. It is both inexpensive and easy to manufacture. We first investigated Ecopore for corrosion and leaching of elements in physiological saline. The corrosion supernatants did not contain critical concentrations of toxic trace elements. In an in vitro model, human primary osteoblasts (HOB) were cultured directly on Ecopore. HOB grew on the composite as well as on samples of its single constituents, TiO2 and perlite glass, and remained vital, but cellular spreading was less than on tissue culture plastic. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-alpha were below detection limits in HOB culture supernatants, whereas IL-6 was detectable on a low level. To enhance cellular attachment and growth, the surface of the composite was modified by etching, functionalization with aminosilane and coupling of fibronectin. This modification greatly enhanced the spreading of HOB, indicated by vital staining and Sodium 3'-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) metabolism assays. HOB grew on the entire visible surface of porous fibronectin-modified composite, expressing alkaline phosphatase, a mature osteoblast marker. We conclude that Ecopore is non-toxic and sustains HOB growth, cellular spreading being improvable by coating with fibronectin. The composite may be usable in the field of bone substitution.
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PMID:In vitro behavior of a porous TiO2/perlite composite and its surface modification with fibronectin. 1560 77

The effects of the anticoagulant sodium heparin and time of centrifugation on 20 biochemical analytes in the blood of Malaysian flying foxes (Pteropus vampyrus) were evaluated. Paired plasma and serum samples were centrifuged at 1 hr and 6 hr postcollection. Heparinization and time of centrifugation did not significantly affect albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransaminase, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, sodium, and total carbon dioxide levels. Plasma was associated with higher globulin and lower potassium values. Glucose and chloride levels decreased significantly over time, whereas phosphorus levels increased. Serum creatine kinase activity at 6 hr postcollection was significantly higher than the other creatine kinase means. Sodium levels were not significantly affected by sodium heparin as used as an anticoagulant in this study.
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PMID:Comparison of serum and plasma for determination of blood biochemical values in Malaysian flying foxes (Pteropus vampyrus). 1731 21

Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) 2-mediated L-ascorbic acid (AA) uptake is required in osteoblast-like differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is among the most important local factors in bone formation, but the detailed mechanism by which PGE2 induces osteoblast differentiation remains obscure. We revealed that PGE2 induced AA uptake and osteoblast-like differential markers including alkaline phosphatase, collagen, osteocalcin expression, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. Inhibition of AA uptake by SVCT2 short isoform functioning as a dominant-negative mutant not only robustly attenuated PGE2-induced markers expression and mineralization, but also decreased their basal levels. However, upregulation of AA uptake resulted from PGE2-induced plasma membrane translocation of cytoplasm SVCT2, and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with EP4 receptor antagonist, AH-23848B or cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H-89. Moreover, we showed SVCT2 physically interacted with PKA in immunoprecipitates, and PKA phosphorylated SVCT2 in vitro and in intact cells at Ser402 and Ser639 sites; however, mutation of Ser402 or/and Ser639 in SVCT2 severely diminished SVCT2 translocation in response to PGE2. Together, these results suggest that PGE2-induced SVCT2 plasma membrane translocation through EP4 receptor and subsequent phosphorylation of SVCT2 at Ser402 and Ser639 sites by PKA results in an increase of AA uptake and consequent promotion of osteoblast-like differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells.
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PMID:Activation of PKA and phosphorylation of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 by prostaglandin E2 promote osteoblast-like differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. 1758 36

Acrylamide has been employed as an experimental probe to investigate biochemical and morphological changes in developing rat liver following toxin administration in pregnant rats. Non-anesthetized pregnant rats were given acrylamide by gastric intubation at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. The pups were divided into three groups: Group A, mothers were treated with saline (control group); Group B, mothers were treated with acrylamide from day D7 of gestation till birth (prenatal intoxication); Group C, mothers were treated with acrylamide from D7 of gestation to D28 after birth (perinatal intoxication). Acrylamide-induced biochemical changes (in liver and serum) and morphological changes (in liver) were studied in control and acrylamide-treated developing pups. Prenatally and perinatally administered acrylamide significantly increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione and total thiol levels in liver. Significant inhibition of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities was observed in liver tissue. Total lipids including cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly increased in the serum. Acrylamide treatment increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity. Sodium and potassium concentrations were increased, but calcium, phosphorus and iron levels were significantly reduced in the serum. Acrylamide produced significant electrophoretic changes in serum proteins. The most noticeable change was splitting of beta-globulin into beta1- and beta2-globulins. Light microscopy showed acrylamide-induced fatty deposits, congested central vein, vacuolization and chromatolysis in hepatocytes. Ultrastructural studies revealed vacuolated cytoplasm, lipid droplets of variable size and mitochondria with damaged cristae and vacuolization. The nuclei in acrylamide-treated groups showed marked decrease in the staining of nuclear DNA.
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PMID:Effect of prenatal and perinatal acrylamide on the biochemical and morphological changes in liver of developing albino rat. 1986 3


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