Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histochemistry of armadillo skin has been studied. The dendritic cells are extremely large, very sharply outlined by methods for alkaline phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase, and they are dopa-negative. The mastocytes, however, are dopa-oxidase-positive, probably due to peroxidase rather than tyrosinase activity. The giant cells of the granulomas normally seen in the dermis of the armadillo are strongly beta-glucuronidase-positive. These giant cells are evidently foreign body cells reacting to the crystals always present in the dermis of the armadillo. The centre of these crystals, which are cholesterol and fat-negative, is alkaline phosphatase-positive. Further study of the mastocytes and dendritic cells is necessary to elucidate their nature.
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PMID:The histochemistry of armadillo skin. 81 35

We present a new method for quantitative determination of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. This method consists of electrophoretic separation on cellulose acetate membranes, special fixation technique to avoid elution and diffusion of enzyme protein during incubation, specific staining, and quantitative evaluation by densitometric measurement. We highly recommend the precedure for routine clinical laboratory use. In all normal individuals we observe two isoenzymes of hepatic origin and one isoenzyme each of osseous, intestinal, and biliary origin. Quantitative normal values are presented. Precision of the method is calculated, the CV being less than 10%. The exactness of densitometric quantification is proved by comparison with kinetic assay of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by use of an elution method. Clinical implications of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymograms are reported and discussed in detail.
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PMID:Quantitative alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. 83 69

50 guinea pigs were allergized three times in 3 days intervals by subcutaneous injection of 25% solution of egg-white in physiological saline in a dose of 0-1 ml/100 g of body weight. On the 21 day after the last injection the animals were exposed to aerosol of antigen of egg-white. 11 animals died in acute anaphylactic shock. The control group consisted of 12 guinea pigs which received subcutaneously a solution of physiological sodium chloride of the same dosis--0-1 ml/100 g of body weight and were also exposed to the allergen, together with the experimental group. The removed parathyroids together with the thyroid gland were studied with histologic and cytoenzymatic methods. The activity of alkaline and acid phosphomonoesterase, nonspecific AS-naphtol acetate esterase, succinic (SDH), lactic (LDH) and D-L-alfaglicerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) were tested. No morphological changes in the parathyroids of guinea pigs in anaphylactic shock were found. Instead a decrease of the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases was found, what might be connected with the decrease of metabolic activity of the cells. The decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity in the endothelial cells of the capillaries was another finding. It is likely that in an acute anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs only functional changes develop which have not counterparts in histology visible under the light microscope.
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PMID:Cytoenzymatic investigations of parathyroid glands in acute anaphylactic shock of guinea pig. 86 38

On a random basis, 19 patients with metastatic and recurrent ovarian carcinoma received 100, 200, or 400 mg daily of medroxyprogesterone acetate orally. All patients had previously failed to respond to cytotoxic therapy. None of the 5 patients receiving 100 mg/day had an objective response. 1 of the 9 patients receiving 200 mg/day had an objective response for 4 months and 2 had their disease remain static for 4 and 5 months. None of the 5 patients who received 400 mg/day had an objective response but 1 had her disease remain static for 7 months. All epithelial ovarian cell types were included in the study. During drug therapy no change was found in hemoglobin levels, leukocyte counts, platelet counts, serum levels of creatinine, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, fasting blood sugar, or urine. Data from these 19 patients indicate that this drug, as used, had no significant benefit.
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PMID:Medroxyprogesterone acetate for the treatment of metastatic and recurrent ovarian carcinoma. 89 Jun 97

The localization of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase, E.C. 1.1.1.34) in the villous and crypt cells of the small intestine was accomplished after separating these cells from the mucosal layer by sequential dissociation in a "dual-buffer" system. Consistent separation was demonstrated by using the marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase, specific to the villous cell, and thymidine kinase, specific to the crypt cell. Cells obtained were 95-100% viable, and no relative difference in lability was observed, as evidenced by the equal distribution of acid phosphatase. This method of cell separation was an improvement over the "scraping" technique which damaged cells severely and produced villous preparations that contained little or no reductase activity. The HMG-CoA reductase specific activity in whole cell homogenates of the ileal villi was 0.47 and of the crypts was 0.27 nmol/min per mg of protein, considerably higher values than have been reported earlier. Also in comparison to the crypts, the villi incorporated 1.5-fold more [(14)C]-acetate into sterols, a ratio similar to that describing the distribution of HMG-CoA reductase in the two cell populations. These results unequivocally establish that the villi have higher HMG-CoA reductase activity than the crypts and confirm an earlier report from this laboratory that the villi are a major site of sterol synthesis. The sterol bio-synthetic capacity of the small intestine was highest in the ileum and decreased towards the jejunum. The HMG-CoA reductase specific activity of the ileum averaged 0.30 and that of the jejunum 0.10 nmol/min per mg of protein; however, the cholesterol content of the ileum was slightly lower than the jejunum. These results are discussed to suggest the possibility that the sterol content of the ileum may largely be due to in situ synthesis.
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PMID:3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in isolated villous and crypt cells of the rat ileum. 92 17

Experiments were carried out with a total of 25 chickens of the Leghorn breed divided into two test groups and one control group. The test chickens were given daily the phosphorus organic pesticides timet and lebaized at rates of 0.05 mg anen mg per kg. The treated birds were kept under observation in the course of 72 days recording their cholinesterase activity (ChEA), serumglutamatoxal-acetate transaminase (SGOT), serumglutamatpyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (APh), and blood sugar level. It was found that as early as the third day from the beginning of the experiment ChEA dropped abruptly--by 62.72 per cent following treatment with timet, and by 29.26 per cent when treatment was carried out with lebaizid. SGOT and SGPT rose up to the 36th day by 78.74 and 59.42 per cent as against the controls. The blood sugar level increased by 20.44 per cent following the administration of timet, and by 6.95 per cent following that of lebaizid. APh on the 12th day was by 60.84 per cent higher as compared to the initial level in the case of timet, and by 39.15 per cent in the case of lebaizid. Results showed that the continuous giving of phosphorus organic insecticides (timet and lebaized) at low rates to chickens leads to the drop of ChA and the rise of SGOT, GPT, APh, and blood sugar, these changes being more clearly manifested in chickens that have been offered timet.
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PMID:[Changes in some blood biochemical indices in chickens poisoned with Thimet and Letaycide]. 94 89

The effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), administered orally in dos es of either 10 or 20 mg/day for 26 weeks, were studied in 15 healthy male volunteers. During treatment, there was a decrease in sperm density and in normal-shaped sperm and an increase in pathological and immature forms, an increase in dead spermatozoa, reduced motility of spermatozoa, an in vitro decrease in the speed of sperm transport, and decreased ability of spermatozoa to penetrate ovulatory cervical mucus. Blood plasma levels of testosterone declined to about 40% of basal values, though there were no effects on sex behavior. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were unaltered, while seminal plasma alkaline phosphatase values were considerably increased. Seminal plasma levels of fructose and sialic acid levels were unchanged, while the cortisol-binding capacity of transcortin was markedly increased. The results indicate that CPA has potential as a fertility control agent in males, though further study on a mass phase 3 scale is required before final conclusions can be made.
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PMID:Continuous oral low-dosage cyproterone acetate for fertility regulation in the male? A trend analysis in 15 volunteers. 94 90

Certain factors were found to prevent quantitative recovery of soluble alkaline phosphatase from homogenates of chick duodenal mucosa during treatment with n-butanol. Divalent cations such as calcium, manganese and lead interfered when present at 0.1-0.2 mM. Magnesium and zinc were found to reduce enyme recovery when present at 1.0 mM during extraction. These metals had little effect on enzyme activity per se, whether added to the homogenates or enzyme extracts before dilution for assay. However, lead acetate may have a protective or activating effect on phosphatase, at 0.1-10 mM. Other factors affecting the recovery of enzyme activity after butanol solubilization are the state of dilution and pH of the homogenate and individual animal variation.
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PMID:Interference by divalent metals in the preparation of soluble intestinal alkaline phosphatase with n-butanal. 95 79

The effects of cyproterone acetate (CA) on reproductive functions in normal human males were studied. 6 volunteers received 5 or 10 mg CA over a 20-week period. The treatment caused a gradual decrease in the number of spermatozoa and their motility, and an increase in the percentage of nonmotile, abnormal, and immature sperms. There was also a marked inhibition of sperm transport of motile sperm through cervical mucus, as determined by Kremer's test. Semen levels of acid phosphatase, sialic acid, and glycerylphosphorylcholine progressively decreased, though semen levels of fructose were not markedly altered. There were no marked changes in levels of SGOT, SGPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, blood urea, and hematocrit values. The possible mode of action of CA and its potential as a male contraceptive agent are discussed.
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PMID:Effects of cyproterone acetate on reproductive functions in normal human males. 97 26

Homogenates of individual adult Fasciola hepatica, collected from bile ducts of sheep, were subjected to isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide flat-bed gels after which zymograms were made by enzymatic and staining reactions. Seven identifiable isozymes that hydrolyzed alpha-naphthyl acetate were found. These 7 isozymes were identified by their isoelectric points as 5.10, 5.15, 5.25, 5.40, 5.55, 5.65, and 5.75. None of these isozymes was common to all F hepatica examined. Combinations of these isozymes in individual flukes revealed 7 distinct phenotypes, the frequency of which varied between local populations, i.e., populations of flukes obtained from individual sheep of different origin. In addition to these 7 isozymes, there were weak staining bands of enzyme activity, between pH 5.8 and the cathode end of the gels, which could not be accurately identified. The method of isoelectric focusing and zymogram preparation used in the present study did not reveal cholinesterase activity, even though the presence of activity in homogenates was demonstrated by polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis. Strong activity of acid phosphatase between pH 5 and 6 was found, but poor resolution prevented obtaining accurate identification of isozymes. Weak activity with poor resolution of isozymes of alkaline phosphatase was observed between pH 4.4 and 5.75.
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PMID:Enzyme polymorphism in Fasciola hepatica L.: esterases. 98 40


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