Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty consecutive female patients with urge incontinence and stable detrusor function on provocative rapid fill CO2-cystometry were treated as out-patients with a bladder training programme and with terodiline/placebo in a double-blind cross-over design. Frequency and incontinence episodes decreased significantly, while first sensation and cystometric bladder capacity increased. Both objectively and subjectively terodiline was significantly better than placebo with 50% (95% confidence limits 18-82) more patients improved on terodiline than on placebo. Thirty percent of the patients (95% confidence limits 12-54) relapsed after withdrawal of terodiline. At 3 months follow-up the remaining 70% were satisfied with the outcome of the training programme. Side effects were mild and reversible. Serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase increased slightly on terodiline and the diastolic blood pressure was probably also increased by terodiline. In conclusion, female patients with idiopathic urge incontinence and stable detrusor function did respond to treatment as do female patients with urge incontinence and proven instability.
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PMID:Bladder training and terodiline in females with idiopathic urge incontinence and stable detrusor function. 370 68

To delineate the spectrum of clinical expressions of distal, type 1 renal tubular acidosis in children and to update progress in diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis, the medical records of 14 girls and 10 boys, seen over a 7 year period, who met the following criteria, were examined: persistent urinary pH more than 6, net acid excretion less than 70 microEq/min/1.73 m2, simultaneous serum total CO2 less than 17.5 mEq/1, and normal or mild impairment of the glomerular filtration rate. The mean age at diagnosis was 8 months. The presenting signs and symptoms were failure to thrive (50%), vomiting and/or diarrhea (37.5%), dehydration (12.5%), and poor feeding (8.3%). Mean values +/- SD of serum calcium (9.8 +/- 0.8 mg/dl), inorganic phosphate (5.6 +/- 0.8 mg/dl), and alkaline phosphatase (222.6 +/- 96.1 U/l) were normal. Hyperkalemia (serum potassium above 5.0 mEq/l) was present at diagnosis in 13 children. Type 4 renal tubular acidosis was ruled out by the inability to achieve a minimum urine pH. With a mean follow-up period of 28.1 +/- 25.3 months, after alkali therapy at 3.3-3.5 mEq/kg/day had been administered for at least 12 months, the growth parameters improved as follows: the percentile weight (mean +/- SD) increased from the initial 11.8 +/- 7.5 to the final 27.6 +/- 31.3 (p less than 0.003), and the length/height percentile increased from 11.5 +/- 7.3 to 29.7 +/- 24.2 (p less than 0.03). The relationship between urine calcium/creatinine ratio and serum total CO2 showed poor correlation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal tubular acidosis in children. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. 377 38

13C-enriched deoxyribonucleosides have been isolated from the DNA of Algal cells grown in an atmosphere of 90% 13C-labelled carbon dioxide. The 13C enriched DNA was quantitatively hydrolysed with DNase I, snake venom phosphodiesterase I and alkaline phosphatase of intestinal mucosa. The resulting deoxyribonucleosides were separated by preparative reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography in 60 minutes with detection by ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm. The final products were obtained in milligram quantities in high purity and in high yield. The 1H resonances of the base and sugar protons of these deoxyribonucleosides appear as well resolved multiplets in the 600 MHz NMR spectrum, due to the extensive 1H-13C couplings. Similarly, the 13C resonances of these deoxyribonucleosides appear as multiplets in the 75.5 MHz 13C NMR spectrum, due to 13C-13C couplings. The 1H-13C and 13C-13C coupling constants were also measured and tabulated. The isotopic enrichment of 13C these deoxyribonucleosides was obtained by integration of the 1H and/or 13C NMR spectra. It was found that the enrichment varied from carbon to carbon and species to species in the range of 70-89%, suggesting differential uptake and assimilation of 90% 13CO2 during metabolism pathways. This protocol provides experimentally useful quantities of 13C-enriched deoxyribonucleosides, which may be incorporated into site-specifically labeled oligonucleotides by chemical synthesis.
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PMID:Isolation and purification of deoxyribonucleosides from 90% 13C-enriched DNA of algal cells and their characterization by 1H and 13C NMR. 400 Sep 54

Natural stable isotope fractionation is a potential tool in investigation of metabolic process, since rigid mass balance considerations rule the changes in the isotopic ratio. As the natural changes in 13C/12C ratio of total CO2 between blood and urine served for studying renal bicarbonate reabsorption, studying changes in 18O/16O ratio of phosphate are suggested to investigate deranged phosphate metabolism. The 18O/16O ratio in serum phosphate is constant, determined by the ratio in the environmental drinking water. Therefore, measurements of this ratio in normal individuals, after modifications in phosphate metabolism and in diseases with high alkaline phosphatase activity are proposed. The main purpose of the proposed study is to assess whether measurements of 18O/16O ratio can detect malignant metastases in bones due to deranged phosphate metabolism. An assumption that these determinations might precede other tests for detecting bone metastases and can serve as an oncogenic marker is made.
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PMID:Determination of 18O/16O ratio in inorganic phosphate as an oncogenic marker and indicator for disturbances in phosphate metabolism. 406 37

The circadian rhythms of twenty-one chemical serum parameters (albumin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, carbon dioxide content, chloride, cholesterol, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine, glucose, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), gamma glutamyl transferase (Gamma--GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inorganic phosphorus, iron, potassium, total bilirubin, total protein, sodium, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, uric acid) and of urinary volume and oral temperature were studied, in October 1981, in a group of 49 elderly subjects (23 men, 73 +/- 6 years of age, and 26 women, 77 +/- 8 years of age) institutionalized at the Berceni Hospital for the aged. Statistically significant circadian rhythms as a group phenomenon were found in all functions except alkaline phosphatase, GOT, and LDH. The timing and the extent of these rhythms are presented. The circadian time structure of body chemistry appears well maintained in old age. Some circadian rhythms show a large enough amplitude to require the establishment of time qualified reference ("normal") ranges (e.g. serum iron). In most others, the circadian amplitudes are small and at present of little or no diagnostic importance. They are, however, of physiologic and pathophysiologic interest indicating an intricate time sequence of metabolic events in the human body.
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PMID:Circadian periodicity of the results of frequently used laboratory tests in elderly subjects. 634 16

Serum sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, urea, urate, creatinine, carbon dioxide, total alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin levels during pregnancy were studied in groups of subjects at less than 14 weeks' gestation, at 14-20 weeks, at 20-28 weeks and at 36-40 weeks. These were compared with levels in a nonpregnant control group matched for age and sex. Serum potassium, sodium and chloride levels remained within the normal range, while calcium, phosphate, total protein and albumin levels decreased progressively after the first trimester. Magnesium levels decreased progressively from early pregnancy to term, and urea, creatinine and carbon dioxide levels all decreased markedly throughout pregnancy. Urate levels were markedly decreased in early pregnancy but returned to normal at term, and the alkaline phosphatase values demonstrated the expected marked increase to term. The fact that all these values were not equally affected suggests that haemodilution cannot be held responsible for all serum changes during pregnancy. Individual results are discussed and a biochemical profile is suggested.
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PMID:A serum biochemical profile of normal pregnancy. 636 70

Exposure to formaldehyde appears to be associated with hepatoxicity in many species, including humans, following injection, ingestion, or inhalation. Macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical manifestations in the liver include alterations in weight, centrilobular vacuolization, focal cellular necrosis, and increased alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Time-related changes in the pattern of the effects are suggested as one goes from acute exposure by inhalation at greater concentrations to repeated exposure at lesser concentrations. Although the hepatic changes are generally not extensive and can be reversible following acute exposure, the potential exists for them to progressively become more serious with repeated exposures. There are several possible mechanisms for the toxicity. Depending on the route of exposure could include direct effects on hepatocytes and/or indirect effects through the circulatory and immune systems. The catabolism of formaldehyde includes conversion to CO2 by reactions involving glutathione. Many hepatotoxic chemicals require glutathione for detoxification. Formaldehyde may then have the potential to cause additive toxicity with such chemicals in some circumstances.
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PMID:Formaldehyde and hepatotoxicity: a review. 638 92

The storage capability of the sterile Corvac silicone gel tube as a specimen collection device is evaluated. Sera collected and stored in sterile Corvac silicone gel tubes were compared with control specimens collected in regular Monoject tubes and transferred to new Monoject tubes for storage. Sera for the efficacy tests were transferred from both the gel tube and the control tube without concern for storage. Sixty-seven analytes were compared, 20 of which were included in the storage portion. Only glucose, potassium, carbon dioxide, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were statistically different in the storage experiment and amylase, T-3 uptake, folates, HDL, and again LDH by another method, were statistically different in the efficacy experiment. These evaluations determine the validity of storing specimens in this manner for reanalysis or additional analyses.
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PMID:Sterile Corvac silicone gel tubes: efficacy and storage capabilities. 642 Nov 48

A new affinity label for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum, 2-(4-bromoacetamido)anilino-2-deoxypentitol 1,5-bisphosphate, has been prepared, Reductive amination of ribulose-P2 with p-phenylenediamine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride yielded an epimeric mixture which was resolved by chromatography on quaternary aminoethyl-Sephadex. Subsequent bromoacetylation of the isolated amino bisphosphates gave reagents A and B (ribo and arabino epimers of 2-(4-bromoacetamido) anilino-2-deoxypentitol 1,5-bisphosphate) which were competitive inhibitors of the carboxylase with Ki values of 705 and 104 microM, respectively. Reagent A exhibited no time-dependent effects on the carboxylase in either the deactivated or activated state. Incubation of the enzyme with reagent B in the presence of the essential activators CO2 and Mg2+, however, resulted in an irreversible, time-dependent loss of activity, with a Kinact of 125 microM and a minimal half-time of 7.3 min. Covalent incorporation of [14C]reagent B was directly proportional to the loss of activity, with total inactivation correlating with an incorporation of 1.1 mol of reagent/mol of subunit. Inclusion of the competitive inhibitor 2-carboxyribitol 1,5-bisphosphate protected against inactivation with a concomitant reduction in incorporation. Neither reagent affected the activity of spinach carboxylase. Fractionation of [14C]reagent B-modified enzyme on DEAE-cellulose, subsequent to carboxymethylation and tryptic digestion, revealed two major radioactive peaks of approximately equal area. Digestion of each peak with alkaline phosphatase and rechromatography on DEAE-cellulose resulted in pure peptides I and II. The peptides were identical except in the site of labeling: peptide I contained a modified cysteinyl residue while peptide II contained a modified histidyl residue. Automated Edman degradation established the sequence as (sequence in text) which is located near the NH2 terminus of the enzyme. The lack of reactivity with the spinach enzyme is explained by the deletion of the histidyl residue and the replacement of cysteine by tryptophan in the eukaryotic species. Although the nonconservation of the modified residues argues against a functional role other than maintenance of structural integrity, the extensive homology in this region among seven different species of carboxylase is compatible with the region comprising a portion of the active site.
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PMID:2-(4-Bromoacetamido)anilino-2-deoxypentitol 1,5-bisphosphate, a new affinity label for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Determination of reaction parameters and characterization of an active site peptide. 642 17

We studied arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by a cell suspension containing principally cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TALH) obtained from the inner stripe of the outer medulla of the rabbit kidney. Based on comparison of specific activities of enzymes before and after separation, alkaline phosphatase, Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase, as well as Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and electron microscopic appearance, 80% of these cells were estimated to be TALH in origin. TALH cells had low activity of cyclooxygenase and did not show evidence of lipoxygenase activity. However, they selectively converted exogenous AA to oxygenated metabolites by a cytochrome P-450 related mechanism. AA metabolites were produced in large amounts (30-40% conversion of [14C]AA, 1 to 5 micrograms/mg of protein/30 min) and were increased 5-fold after separation of TALH cells from a suspension of outer medullary cells, suggesting that TALH cells synthesized these metabolites. Induction of cytochrome P-450 by pretreatment of rabbits with beta-naphthoflavone and 3-methylcholanthrene increased formation of the AA metabolites by almost 2-fold in the separated cells and correlated with cytochrome P-450 content of the renal outer medulla. Additionally, SKF 525A and carbon monoxide inhibited product formation in these renomedullary cells, supporting a role for a cytochrome P-450-like monooxygenase in TALH cell function.
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PMID:Arachidonic acid metabolism in a cell suspension isolated from rabbit renal outer medulla. 643 72


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