Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. An automated blood serum chemistry analytical system designed for human usage was employed to establish the levels of 26 different components present in sera obtained from various experimental groups of channel catfish. 2. Comparisons of samples from feral and commercial production pond fish during warm months indicated statistically significant differences in the serum levels of sodium, CO2, urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine and protein. 3. Laboratory acclimated and production pond fish exhibited differences in serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus), serum metabolites (urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides), serum enzymes [gamma-glutamyl transferase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, and amylase], and serum iron. 4. Seasonal (temperature?) differences in production pond fish were noted for 12 serum components including potassium, magnesium, CO2, glucose, creatinine, albumin, iron, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT). 5. Comparisons of samples obtained from laboratory-acclimated fish before and 18 hours after acute handling and transport stress revealed significant differences in only three serum parameters: glucose, LDH, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). 6. These studies suggest that "normal" values established by any method of sera analysis may be different in the same species depending on the diet, season, and presence of environmental stressors.
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PMID:Blood serum chemistry measurements of normal and acutely stressed channel catfish. 289 33

Ubiquitin, a unique protein with esterase and carbonic anhydrase activity, has been found to have also a p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity. This phosphomonoesterase activity of ubiquitin has an acidic pH optimum; its true substrate appears to be the phosphomonoanion, with a Km of 1.8 X 10(-3) M. It is competitively inhibited by the typical acid phosphatase inhibitors, arsenate (Ki = 1.3 X 10(-3) M), molybdate (Ki = 1.2 X 10(-6) M), and phosphate (Ki = 1.4 X 10(-3) M). These inhibitors have no effect on the CO2 hydration and p-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activities of the ubiquitin. Acetazolamide slightly inhibited the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity.
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PMID:The p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity of ubiquitin from bovine erythrocytes. 299 74

Equine muscle carbonic anhydrase (CA-III) behaves like ubiquitin in undergoing extensive acylation of N epsilon-lysine residues upon reacting with p-nitrophenyl esters. The enzyme undergoes extensive carbamoylation of lysine residues when reacted with carbamoyl phosphate. The modification of from 6 to 7 lysine residues results in the production of a series of more anodic electrophoretic components. The derivatization of the lysine residues leads to a marked decrease in the enzyme's ability to hydrate CO2. The equine CA-III possesses both acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in contrast to the rabbit which possesses only the former type.
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PMID:Acylation and carbamylation of equine muscle carbonic anhydrase (CA-III) upon reaction with p-nitrophenyl esters and carbamoyl phosphate. 308 46

The present study was conducted on bone tissue responses to irradiation towards a treatment model of mandibular irradiation injury by comparing the results of experimental observations of irradiation effects on rabbit hind legs and rat mandibular bones (paper I, II and III) with clinical observations of irradiation effects on the human mandible (paper IV, V and VI). The main results of the study were as follows: Bone marrow haemorrhage, eosinophilia and incipient edema were encountered in the rabbit leg one day after a single irradiation dose. Edema and fibrosis were the salient features after five weeks, while both regenerative and fibrotic changes predominated eleven weeks after irradiation. The changes were the more extensive the greater the irradiation dose was. Empty lacunae as a sign of cell damage in cortical bone already appeared on the first day after irradiation; this effect reached its maximum when the dose was 20 Gy or more. Bone marrow and subcutaneous tissue pO2 and pCO2 were measured by means of implanted Silastic tonometers in irradiated and nonirradiated rabbit hind legs. Single dose irradiation was followed by a rapid, dose dependent decrease of marrow pO2. The corresponding effect on pCO2 was weaker and appeared later. The response to hyperoxia in the bone marrow became weaker when the irradiation dose increased. Less significant was the response of CO2 tension to hyperoxia. O2 and CO2 tensions were recovered after single dose irradiation both in subcutaneous tissue and in bone marrow, but the reduction was less in bone marrow. During the twelve weeks observation period clearly better recovery in tissue gas tensions was observed in subcutaneous tissue than in bone marrow. Nonirradiated periosteal grafts on irradiated bone cavities in the rabbit tibia induced more rapid and intense mature bone formation than irradiated periosteal grafts. The irradiated periosteum, even after a single dose of 20 Gy, had some osteogenetic capacity. The alkaline phosphatase content was lowered eight weeks after surgery in irradiated legs but clearly exceeded control values twelve weeks after surgery indicating new bone formation. Lysosomal enzyme DAP II contents were increased in all irradiated specimens as a sign of disturbed bone formation. The tissue concentrations of acid phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in the immediate postirradiation period showed a greater increase in activity in the cut lines of the irradiated rat mandibles than in those of the nonirradiated mandibles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Bone tissue response to irradiation and treatment model of mandibular irradiation injury. An experimental and clinical study. 309 Aug 54

Calcium citrate was evaluated as a dietary phosphate binder in 81 patients with end-stage renal disease. These patients were grouped as follows: Group 1, 43 patients who were treated with calcium citrate; and Group 2 (the control group), 38 patients who were treated with aluminum-containing compounds. Blood chemistries were measured monthly and medications adjusted to maintain the following levels: serum calcium, greater than 9 mg/dl; serum phosphorus, less than 5.5 mg/dl; and total CO2 content, greater than 22 mmol/liter. At the end of the treatment period, the following serum values were obtained in Groups 1 and 2, respectively: calcium, 9.6 +/- 1.2 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) versus 8.9 +/- 0.8 mg/dl (P less than 0.001); phosphorus 5.5 +/- 1.9 mg/dl versus 7.0 +/- 2.3 mg/dl (P less than 0.005); and calcium-phosphate product, 52 +/- 18 versus 61 +/- 21 (P less than 0.05). Differences in alkaline phosphatase, total CO2 content, and C-terminal parathyroid hormone (C-PTH) values were not statistically significant between the two groups. Fifteen patients in Group 1 were then switched to aluminum-containing compounds and chemistries were compared one month later. During calcium citrate therapy, serum calcium was significantly higher, while C-PTH and serum alkaline phosphatase were significantly reduced. No difference was noted in serum phosphorous and total CO2 content. A questionnaire completed by 17 patients in Group 1 documented excellent patient tolerance to calcium citrate. Hypercalcemia (greater than 10.5 mg/dl) was the only significant complication, but only one patient became symptomatic. We conclude that, as a phosphate binder, calcium citrate is at least as effective as aluminum-containing compounds.
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PMID:Calcium citrate, a nonaluminum-containing phosphate-binding agent for treatment of CRF. 328 Aug 55

Twenty-seven patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were randomized to receive therapy with either hydrochlorothiazide or diltiazem. After a placebo run-in period of 2 weeks, patients received increasing doses of either drug for 14 weeks. Those in whom hypertension was effectively controlled continued for 26 weeks of total treatment. Those not controlled, i.e. blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg or less than 10 mm Hg reduction of pressure, were unblinded and crossed over to therapy with both drugs. Eleven of 14 patients (79%) were effectively treated with diltiazem alone, and 8 of 13 patients (62%) were effectively treated with hydrochlorothiazide alone. Supine blood pressures fell from 152 +/- 5/97 +/- 1 to 142 +/- 4/87 +/- 3 mm Hg in the 11 patients treated with diltiazem, from 152 +/- 2/99 +/- 1 to 134 +/- 3/88 +/- 2 mm Hg in the 8 patients treated with hydrochlorothiazide, and from 151 +/- 4/104 +/- 3 to 140 +/- 5/92 +/- 1 mm Hg in the 8 patients who received both drugs (p less than 0.01 for each group). Diltiazem patients had significant increases in alkaline phosphatase and urinary magnesium. Hydrochlorothiazide patients had increases in serum uric acid, serum globulin, CO2 content, and plasma renin activity. Serum potassium, serum chloride, urinary osmolality, and urinary calcium decreased after treatment with hydrochlorothiazide. Patients receiving both drugs had increases in serum glucose, serum BUN, serum uric acid, serum globulin, and CO2 content. These patients had decreased serum chloride and urinary calcium. Diltiazem monotherapy was comparable to hydrochlorothiazide in efficacy of lowering blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal-metabolic consequences of antihypertensive therapy with diltiazem versus hydrochlorothiazide. 332 Jul 20

Mandibular first molars from 17 day old mouse embryos were cultivated in vitro for 14 days in BGJb-medium supplemented with 20% horse serum and 10% chick embryo extract or in BGJb containing various compounds suggested to have a role in biological mineralization. The incubation atmosphere consisted either of 5% CO2 in air or 50% O2, 45% N2 and 5% CO2. Histologically, explants grown in serum-supplemented medium frequently showed dentin mineralization, the frequency being highest, 90%, in high oxygen partial pressure. In medium without serum, only two out of 43 explants which were cultured in BGJb containing 5 mM Na-beta-glycerophosphate, formed mineralized dentin. The amounts of DNA and calcium, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in explants after culture showed no direct correlation to mineralization potential. Calcified dentin was always confined to one or two clearly demarcated areas, which were intensely stained by the von Kossa method. It appears that mineralization continues readily when it has started and that it is the initiation of mineralization that is the critical threshold and depends on serum factors.
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PMID:Development of mouse embryonic molars in vitro: an attempt to design defined culture conditions allowing mineralization. 345 87

The influence of vitamin D metabolites on intramuscular implants of bone matrix in rachitic rats was investigated. Recipient rats with rickets were injected daily with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3,24(R),25(OH)2D3 or a combination of both metabolites. The presence of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 increased significantly the alkaline phosphatase activity, and slightly increased the activity of acid phosphatase. 24(R),25(OH)2D3 had no effect on the activity of the measured enzymes. The results of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometric determination of bone elements revealed that: (a) 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 stimulated the incorporation of magnesium and decreased the phosphorus content of bone implants when compared with rats given both vitamin D metabolites; (b) 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 as well as 24(R),25(OH)2D3 had antagonistic effects on bone carbonate content. The values for 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 treated animals were significantly higher, and 24(R),25(OH)2D3 treated rats had a significantly lower carbonate content of implants when compared to the controls. Time-dependent CO2-liberation diagrams indicated a differently bound bone carbonate in 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 treated rats; (c) when plotted against time, the diagrams for both the values for zinc and the activity distribution of the measured enzymes had a similar appearance, indicating zinc incorporation into bone enzymes during early mineralization. It is concluded that 24(R),25(OH)2D3 should not be compared to 1,25(OH)2D3 on the basis of the same effects, since other effects of 24(R),25(OH)2D3 on the developing bone exist, opposite to those of 1,25(OH)2D3; and these could be important for protecting bone from different agents and in determining the nature of early mineral deposited.
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PMID:The influence of 1 alpha,25- and 24(R),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone constituents during early mineralization in the rat. 350 82

Because of the organ and enzyme specificity of the metabolism of galactose, evaluation of various kinds of liver disease can be done by measuring the formation of labeled breath CO2 from carbon-labeled galactose in vivo. As shown earlier with uniformly 14C- or 13C-labeled galactose, a further study of alcoholic cirrhotic patients and controls with cheaper 1-14C-galactose indicates a superior discriminatory value of this test compared with common liver function tests. The oxidation test is easier to perform and more acceptable to patients than the standard galactose tolerance blood test. Output of 14CO2 showed slight correlations with serum albumin and 99mTc-sulfur colloid scan grade, but not with other function tests (SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin). Comparison with five-year clinical outcome (two groups: with or without known liver-related death) in 29 of 43 total cirrhotic patients (U-14C or 1-14C-galactose) showed a low (75% probability) significance of prognosis for the galactose oxidation test, but none for any of the other tests. A two-part test of oxidation of 14C-galactose (with and without an acute dose of ethanol) in 19 possibly or likely alcoholic (but non-cirrhotic) persons indicated, by correlation with other liver function tests and drinking history, some possibly enhanced sensitivity of the two-part versus the single test for recognizing early liver damage. A preliminary study of the single galactose oxidation test in 7 patients with Type II diabetes suggests moderate impairment of oxidation, which might be applied to evaluate the hepatic disorder in diabetes.
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PMID:Impaired oxidation of carbon-labeled galactose by alcoholic or diabetic liver in vivo. 367 Oct 97

The present investigation was undertaken to clarify the in vitro effect of zinc on bone metabolism in tissue culture. Calvaria were removed from weanling rats (3-week-old males) and cultured for periods up to 96 hr in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (high glucose, 4500 mg/dl) supplemented with antibiotics and bovine serum albumin. The experimental cultures contained 10(-7) to 10(-3) M zinc sulfate. All cultures were incubated at 37 degrees in 5% CO2/95% air. Zinc uptake by bone was increased significantly in cultures with concentrations of zinc greater than 10(-6) M. Bone calcium content was increased significantly by the presence of 10(-4) M zinc. This increase was blocked by the presence of 10(-6) M cycloheximide. Bone alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated in the presence of zinc (10(-6) to 10(-3) M), but the effect was inhibited by 10(-7) M cycloheximide or 10(-8) M actinomycin D. Zinc (10(-4) M) also significantly increased ATPase activity in the bone, whereas it did not alter significantly by pyrophosphatase, acid phosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities. Furthermore, bone collagen content was raised by 10(-6) to 10(-4) M zinc. This elevation was prevented by 10(-7) cycloheximide or 10(-8) M actinomycin D. Bone DNA content and [3H]thymidine incorporation by the bone were not altered significantly by 10(-4) M zinc. These findings indicate that the zinc had a direct stimulatory effect on bone mineralization in vitro, and that bone protein synthesis was a necessary component of this response. Zinc may stimulate bone formation in tissue culture.
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PMID:Stimulatory effect of zinc on bone formation in tissue culture. 368 32


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