Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An improved analytical procedure for the extraction and determination of total, free and phosphorylated tissue sugar is described. This method, employing ZnSO4 plus Ba(OH)2 for the precipitation of sugar phosphates, yields values identical with those obtained by the more laborious separation of free and phosphorylated sugar by ion-exchange chromatography. Erroneous values for free sugar due to the action of a Zn2+ -activated phosphatase and/or the lability to acids of some sugar phosphates, are avoided. Using this technique for the sudy of transport and phosphorylation of D-galactose in rabbit renal cortical slices and tissue extracts, it was found: 1. The cellular uptake of D-galactose was associated with the appearance of both free and phosphorylated sugar whether or not external Na+ was present. At 1 mM sugar, galactose was accumulated in the cells against a modest concentration gradient of 1.445 +/- 0.097 (n = 17). Galactose phosphate appeared in the cells considerably faster than free sugar under conditions of net uptake as well as of steady-state exchange (pulse-labelling). 2. Increasing saline pH (6-8) increased the cellular levels of sugar phosphate without affecting the steady-state values of free sugar. With tissue extracts, increasing pH also stimulated the activity of galactokinase and the dephosphorylation of galactose 1-phosphate by a Zn2+ -activated phosphatase. 3. 0.5 mM phlorizin inhibited the tissue uptake of galactose and its subsequent oxidation to CO2 only to a minor degree (30 and 10%, respectively). The absence of external Na+ further depressed the phlorizin effect. Preincubation of the tissue with phlorizin and subsequent washing in part abolished the inhibitory effect. The data suggest that a major portion of the galactose uptake by the tissue proceeds by a mechanism with a low affinity for phlorizin. 4. Efflux studies showed that the wash-out of free galactose from slices was associated with a net decrease of both free and phosphorylated tissue sugar. 5. The above results suggest the possibility that phosphorylation may represent a step in the Na+ -independent, phloretin-sensitive transfer of D-galactose across the antiluminal cell membrane. The participation of intracellular galactokinase and a Zn2+ -activated alkaline phosphatase in the maintenance of the steady state of free and phosphorylated galactose in the cells has been demonstrated.
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PMID:Transport and phosphorylation of D-galactose in renal cortical cells. 1 Sep 98

Responses of Rhizoctonia solani to herbicides in soil cultures were assessed by measuring soil enzyme activity and other growth-related factors. Both beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1.3.1.3.2) activities were highly correlated with amounts of mycelium in soil. Both enzyme activities were reduced significantly by either fluometuron or prometryn at 40 microgram/g of soil; the pathogen was more distinctly suppressed by fluometron and showed a stronger tendency to overcome the effects of prometryn with time. Inhibition was also reflected in reduced ultilization of glucose and less CO2-C evolved. Except for an increase in beta-galactosidase activity in the presence of 1 microgram fluometuron, low levels of either herbicide had little effect on the pathogen.
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PMID:Effects of the herbicides fluometuron and prometryn of Rhizoctonia solani in soil cultures. 1 60

The extent and dynamics of changes by short (1 min) or prolonged (6 min) tourniquet application while obtaining venous blood samples were analysed with respect ot 33 frequently measured constituents of blood and serum. After 6-minute tourniquet application the values for red cells, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total protein, albumen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinekinase, bilirubin, cholesterol, total glycerol and calcium increased by an average of 4-9%. One-minute tourniquet application did not have a significant effect. Levels of sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide, creatinine, uric acid, ratio of electrophoretic fractions and the MCV, MCH and MCHC indices were not affected even by 6-minute tourniquet applications. The introduction of blood sampling under standardised conditions is proposed.
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PMID:[Standardisation of obtaining blood samples: influence of tourniquet application on 33 constituents of blood and serum (author's transl)]. 2 36

Changes in plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, total carbon dioxide, urea, creatinine, glucose, total bilirubin, iron, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol and triglycerides were studied in 45 Thoroughbred foals 15 min to 28 days after birth. The results were analysed in 3 groups; Group 1 (0--12 h), Group 2 (12--36 h), Group 3 (1--4 weeks). When Group 2 was compared to Group 1, there were significant reductions of sodium, creatinine, iron and calcium and elevations of total protein and bilirubin. When Group 3 was compared to Group 1 there were significant reductions of sodium, chloride, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, iron and AP. Significant elevations occurred in glucose, total protein, AST, inorganic phosphorus and triglycerides.
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PMID:Plasma biochemistry changes in thoroughbred foals during the first 4 weeks of life. 28 40

77 epileptics receiving a combination of anticonvulsants have been studied. 25(OH)D3 levels were diminished in 38% of the patients, markedly so in 25%. iPTH levels were elevated in 13%. Total, as well as ionized, serum calcium levels were significantly lower in the epileptic patients, as compared with a control population. Serum P, Mg, and plasma total CO2 levels remained unaltered. Alkaline phosphatase levels were increased, as well as gamma-GT levels. A transiliac bone biopsy was performed in 15 patients and histomorphometric studies were achieved on decalcified and undecalcified sections. Osteomalacia was present in 4 out of the 15 cases, hyperosteoidosis in one. Three biological features distinguished the cases with osteomalacia : iPTH levels and alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher, and serum P levels were significantly lower (all were below 2,4 mg/dl) as compared with the non-osteomalacic patients. In an epileptic population, the serum Ca value is lower than in a control population by 0,5 mg/dl. When in addition the serum P is low (which was a feature of male patients), the danger exists for osteomalacia to develop. The former abnormality is connected with low 25(OH)D3 levels, the primary event, while the latter is probably related to high (secondary) iPTH levels.
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PMID:[Metabolic investigation of a population of institutionalized epileptics (author's transl)]. 47 9

In rats exposed for 12 weeks to the mixture of nitric oxides (0.34--2.81 mg/m3) and chlorine (0.61--1.50 mg/m3) the following changes were found: increased methemoglobin concentration (MetHb), increased partial pressure, increased total carbon dioxide concentration (pCO2 TCO2), increased current dicarbonate concentration (AB), and increased buffer bases (BB). In addition, asparagine transferase activity (aspAT), alanine aminotransferase (A1AT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and hepatic isoenzyme of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH5) in serum were found to be increased. Histopathological examination revealed: inflammatory lesions and edema of pulmonary parenchyma, alveolar emphysema and edema of connective tissue of palpetra derm with mastocytes. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of nitric oxides and chlorine induces, apart from local lesions in conjunctivae, pulmonary lesions leading to respiratory acidosis compensated by metabolic alkalosis, or liberation of indicatory enzymes through impaired cells.
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PMID:[Chemical hazards connected with electrochemical machining. I. Toxicity of nitric oxides and chlorine lesions in rats' parenchymatous organs]. 50 41

Serum electrolytes, metabolites and enzymes were determined in arterial blood of chronically cannulated dogs at room temperature and on exposure to 44-50 degrees C. These dogs were naturally acclimated to hot, arid conditions. In dogs maintaining their rectal temperatures (TR) below 40 degrees C, no significant changes were seen in the levels of Na+, Cl-, cholesterol, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase or glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). K+, CO2, glucose decreased significantly, and urea nitrogen (BUN) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) showed small but significant increases. In several cases of excitable dogs, in which TR increased above 40 degrees C, we found large, significant increases in uric acid, SGPT and SGOT, and a decrease in cholesterol. The results suggest that in dogs maintaining their TR when exposed to high temperatures, changes in serum constituents indicate merely the presence of respiratory alkalosis and an increased energetic demand. When control of TR is lost, changes occur which suggest liver, and possibly cardiac, tissue damage.
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PMID:Physiological responses of dogs on exposure to hot, arid conditions. Serum constituents. 56 59

The results of sending specimens through a computerized pneumatic airtransport system and manually delivering specimens were compared for 15 chemical tests and six hematologic procedures. All specimens were collected from inpatients and outpatients into evacuated glass containers. The specimens traversed a maximum of 829 feet (253 meters) involving 16 bends and eight transfer units at 25 feet/second (7.6 meters/second). Only the activity of lactate dehydrogenase exceeded the precision of the test in pneumatically transported specimens. Ruptured erythrocytes in incompletely filled vacuum tubes were the likely source of the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Neither the serum sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, total protein, albumin, calcium, glucose, creatinine, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, acid phosphatase, uric acid, leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, nor the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were affected by pneumatic transport. It is concluded that the pneumatic system tested provides a safe, efficient method of transporting the blood specimens tested.
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PMID:Evaluation of a computer-directed pneumatic-tube system for pneumatic transport of blood specimens. 70 6

We show our experience in 12 patients treated during a year with weekly intermittent dialysis whit a rigid catheter for 36 hours a week. Patients were on a diet of 50 g. of proteins a day, normocaloric without sodium or fluid restriction. They received supplementation whith iron, calcium, vitamins B, C and folic acid, anabolic hormonal and, in some cases, furosemide hypotensives and antibiotics. Patients received the procedure for a mean of 8 months. The results show the following mean values: blood pressure: 143 +/- 12/99 +/- 3 mm. Hg., plasma urea 208 +/- 62 ng./dl.; creatinine 21 +/- 2 mg./dl., hematocrit 25 mm. and 8.0 g. hemoglobin. There was light increase of glucose, K, P, Mg, alkaline phosphatase. Na, CO2, proteins cholesterol, albumin and Ca keep in normal values. Nine patients passed to hemodialysis after a mean period of nine months and three of them received a kidney transplant. Three are still in peritoneal dialysis, one of them for 18 months. We compared our results with a similar group of patients who were treated with non-regular peritoneal dialysis. Our group had less cardiovascular complaints, or infections and keep more adequate body weight, and also got more survival in better conditions with less days in hospital, they received less blood transfusion. We concluded that weekly peritoneal dialysis is an alternative method of treatment in uremic patients for longer period of time even though frequently paracentesis.
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PMID:[Prolonged survival with weekly peritoneal dialysis in chronic uremic patients]. 75 7

Ten subjects were exposed to high-G on the human centrifuge using seatback angles of 13 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, and 75 degrees from the vertical, and body configurations of the lower portion of the body with pelvis and legs elevated, pelvis, elevated, and pelvis elevated with knees on chest (fetal position). Tolerance was measured by peripheral light loss. Mental status, respirations, core and ambient temperatures, and ECG were monitored. Daily physio-chemical data included: creatinine, bilirubin, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, BUN, glucose, LDH cardiac isoenzyme No. 5, SGOT, SGPT, CPK, CBC, and urinalysis. Tiredness, pressure on the chest, and general discomfort in the fetal position were reported. Physical examination demonstrated petechiae. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature increased post-session. There was a significant rise in values for albumin, chloride ion, creatinine, calcium, LDH, BUN, and immature white cells; and a decrease in values for phosphorus, SGOT, SGPT, protein, uric acid CO2, globulin, hematocrit, monocytes, and eosinophils.
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PMID:Psycho-physiological assessment of acceleration-induced changes in various seat configurations. 86 40


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