Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-three beagle dogs were ventilated with perfluorinated liquid, perfluoro-1-isopropoxy-hexane (Caroxin-F) for 1 h and were reconverted to gaseous breathing. Hematologic and biochemical changes were studied in five dogs for 1 yr and the remaining animals were followed for evidence of retained Caroxin-F for up to 3 yr. We found that the dogs could be ventilated with liquid Caroxin-F and returned to spontaneous breathing of gaseous oxygen with normal blood gas exchange within 24-72 h. Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum cholesterol, and white blood cell count increased with liquid ventilation but returned to normal in less than 1 wk. Trace amounts of Caroxin-F were detected by chromatography in all tissues studied for the entire 3-yr period. The highest levels of Caroxin-F were found in the lungs and associated lymph nodes. No histologic evidence of the presence of Caroxin-F was seen except for local accumulations of vacuolated macrophages in the lungs and associated lymph nodes. We conclude that Caroxin-F can be breathed without residual deleterious effects, even though trace amounts remained for at least 3 yr.
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PMID:Residual levels and biochemical changes after ventilation with perfluorinated liquid. 119 51

The hexane extract of Ferula jaeschkeana aerial parts was studied at an oral dose of 25 mg/kg per day for its postcoital effects in pregnant rats. Ovaries of treated rats remained in a cyclic state rather than undergoing pregnancy as demonstrated by constant ovulation accompanied by newly formed corpora lutea. Follicles were present in different stages of development. Uterine histoarchitecture of treated rats appeared non-receptive for implantation. No decidcoma were observed on day 5 of pregnancy and the luminal epithelium remained unresponsive. Uterus was non-oedematous and lumen was considerably wider. Administration of the extract caused increases in the protein and glycogen content of ovary and uterus, while the activity of acid phosphatase remained essentially unchanged and the activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased. The volume of uterine fluid in the treated rats was increased considerably on day 5 post coitum. It appears that the histological and biochemical modifications in the ovary and uterus of treated pregnant rats do not support the preparation of uterus for implantation.
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PMID:Postcoital contraceptive action in rats of a hexane extract of the aerial parts of Ferula jaeschkeana. 179 27

Biochemical, cytological and morphological studies in Wistar male rats. For N-hexane inhalation treatment, dynamic exposure chambers maintaining a concentration of 5,500 mg/m3 over 5 hours per day were used for 8 days. Immediately there after, the animals were given a single whole-body exposure to 4 Gy X-rays. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from removed lungs. Lung homogenates were prepared subsequent to intracapillary lung perfusion via the right cardiac ventricle. Short-term n-hexane inhalation treatment was found to increase BALF total cell counts, predominantly alveolar macrophages (AM); elevated activities in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) evidenced injury affecting type I and type II pneumocytes over early post-treatment times. Whole-body irradiation alone moderately decreased AM numbers in respiratory pathways. Exposure to both agents combined resulted in depressed activity of a major antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, and diminished contents of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in the lungs. Most of the endpoints recorded underwent greater change in the case of combined treatment, indicating synergistic action of n-hexane and ionizing radiation with regard to the biological effects studied.
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PMID:Response of rat lung to N-hexane and whole-body x-irradiation given solely or combined. 268 12

Existing methods for the identification of mammalian fecal particles in foods have not been completely satisfactory because visual identification of small particles is difficult. In addition, identification of feces by determining the presence of fecal alkaline phosphatase is limited to specimens in which the enzyme has not been inactivated, and it does not work well with feces from herbivores. A new method has been developed which uses coprostanol as a fecal indicator. Coprostanol is a heat-stable sterol found in the feces of mammals and some birds. A hexane extract of the suspect particle is applied to the preadsorbent zone of a silica gel thin layer chromatography plate which has been impregnated with 5% phosphomolybdic acid in ethanol. The plate is developed in diethyl ether-heptane (55 + 45), heated, and examined visually for the presence of coprostanol. Amounts of rat feces as small as 0.15 mg and cow feces as small as 0.5 mg have been identified using this method.
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PMID:Identification of mammalian feces by coprostanol thin layer chromatography: method development. 311 14

Female Wistar rats were exposed to various solvent vapors 8 h/d for 7 d. The leukocyte suspension and serum were prepared from peripheral blood and utilized for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity with disodium phenyl phosphate as a substrate [leukocyte AP (LAP) and serum AP (SAP) assay]. While the exposure to benzene at 20 or 50 ppm did not cause significant changes in LAP activity, the exposure at 100 and 300 ppm resulted in a dose-dependent increase of LAP activity up to more than 100% over the control. No further increase was observed at 1000 or 3000 ppm. Similar exposure at 300 ppm to either toluene, m-xylene, n-hexane, trichloroethylene, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, or methyl alcohol did not induce any changes in LAP activity. Thus, the increase in LAP activity was considered to be specific to benzene exposure. When the animals were exposed to toluene (300 ppm) in combination with benzene (300 ppm), not only was the benzene-induced leukopenia alleviated as previously reported, but the benzene-induced increase in LAP activity was no longer observed. The parallel inhibitory effects of toluene on benzene-induced increase in LAP and leukopenia suggest that a relation may exist between increase in LAP activity and leukopenia. No changes in SAP activities were observed in the rats under the exposure conditions examined.
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PMID:Benzene-specific increase in leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity in rats exposed to vapors of various organic solvents. 378 73

Biochemical response of the rat lung to inhaled n-hexane was investigated. Dose-dependent increase in protein, lipid, sialic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, acid and alkaline phosphatase was observed in the cell-free lavage effluent of the lungs of exposed rats compared to the control animals. This was interpreted as enhanced pulmonary secretions accompanied by increased cell damage.
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PMID:Biochemical response of rat lung to inhaled n-hexane. 628 74

The following investigation was undertaken to study the location in the dental plaque and calculus of certain enzyme activities and to compare the patterns obtained with those of the normal hard tissue formation. Supragingival and subgingival calculus attached to the root surfaces of 30 extracted teeth was studied. The root with its deposits was frozen rapidly in a mixture of hexane and solid CO2 (-75 degrees C). From the frozen block, sections were cut and incubated for histochemical demonstration of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. The plaque seemed to be stratified with regard to enzyme activity. Three different layers could be identified. In the basal layer, approximately 100 microns thick, enzyme activity was low. Lactate dehydrogenase activity could be identified in some sections, but no phosphatase activity. In the middle layer lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities were found in most of the sections. The superficial layer usually showed lactate dehydrogenase but not always acid or alkaline phosphatase activities. The results of the present investigation may suggest that the mineralization of the dental plaque is not only a passive mineralization of dead bacteria, but also an active process promoted by enzymes in the covering bacterial layers.
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PMID:An enzyme histochemical study of dental plaque and calculus. 696 68

The activity of lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase was studied in lung homogenate from New Zealand rabbits exposed to 3000 p.p.m. of n-hexane 8 h per day for 8 days of filtered air. In hydrocarbon-treated animals all enzymes examined, except alkaline phosphatase, were markedly increased. The biochemical changes correlated well with the morphological changes and the results of cytological evaluation of bronchopulmonary lavage. It is suggested that high values in lung lysosomal enzymes from treated rabbits reflect the acute inflammation whilst the increase in lung glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase may depend upon reparative process subsequent to n-hexane-induced lung damage.
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PMID:Response of lung enzyme activities in rabbits following short-term exposure to n-hexane: correlation between morphological and biochemical changes. 716 50

The toxic effects of i.p. administered n-hexane and n-heptane on biochemical processes in rat liver, as indicated by the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and decrease in FDP aldolase activity, and their reflection on blood chemistry, were studied. Serum cholinesterase activity and albumin and cholesterol content showed statistically significant decreases with the increase in FDP aldolase activity. The significance of the findings is discussed.
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PMID:Toxicity of n-hexane and n-heptane: some biochemical changes in liver and serum. 716 75

Several lignans, mostly new, were isolated from Larrea tridentata by assay-guided counter-current chromatography (CCC). Using the secreted alkaline phosphatase bioassay of HIV Tat transactivation and the two-phase hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water solvent system, two major components (Gr and Lo) were identified as anti-HIV active principles. The chemical structures of the constituents of Gr (G1-G4) and Lo (L1-L4) were determined by GC-MS and NMR. After optimization of isolation conditions, a large-scale isolation with the chloroform-methanol-water system yielded five constituents (FB1-FB5). The most predominant anti-HIV compound FB2 (denoted Malachi 4:5-6 or mal.4), which occurs in 0.23% yield, was separated from its FB1 isomer (0.13% yield). Compound FB4 and two tricyclic lignans (FB3 and FB5) were also isolated in a substantial amount for further testing of their anti-HIV activities. These compounds may represent a new class of anti-HIV agents with important clinical relevance.
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PMID:Isolation of anti-HIV-1 lignans from Larrea tridentata by counter-current chromatography. 858 Nov 22


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