Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three groups of patients received Althesin, minaxolone or di-isopropyl phenol to supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. A fourth group receiving halothane to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen acted as a control. Hepatic function tests were measured before operation and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after major vascular reconstructive surgery. There were significant increases to a mean value above the upper limit of normal in aspartate amino-transferase activity by day 3 in all groups. Total lactic dehydrogenase activity increased in the patients receiving Althesin, minaxolone and halothane. No change was seen in the alkaline phosphatase in any of the study groups. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase increased in all groups, but the mean value at day 7 was not greater than the upper limit of normal. The mean activity of ornithine carbamoyl transpeptidase showed no change in any group throughout the study period. Two of the patients receiving minaxolone suffered cholestatic jaundice during the first month. These results suggest that anaesthesia with Althesin or di-isopropyl phenol results in enzyme changes similar to those seen in a comparable group of patients receiving halothane to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen anaesthesia.
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PMID:Hepatic function after anaesthesia for major vascular reconstructive surgery. 613 33

With p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate, there reportedly is no organ-specific inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity by L-phenylalanine. However, we found that at pH 10.0, with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate, L-phenylalanine obviously inhibits the alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme from human placenta, whereas there is little if any inhibition of the isoenzyme from human intestine. Because of the differing effects of substrates (p-nitrophenyl phosphate and phenyl phosphate) and their enzymic products (p-nitrophenol and phenol) for L-phenylalanine action on the placental alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme, we suggest that the isoenzyme--inhibitor--substrate complex and the effect of released phosphate on L-phenylalanine inhibition of the isoenzyme activity differ from each other.
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PMID:L-Phenylalanine inhibition of human alkaline phosphatases with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. 713 25

The in vivo effects of phenol (P), dinitrophenol (DNP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and their combinations--antagonistic [(PCP + DNP)/P], additive [(DNP + P)/PCP] and synergistic [(P + DNP)/PCP] [18]--on acid and alkaline phosphatases in serum of Notopterus notopterus have been studied at three subacute levels (1/10, 1/15 and 1/20 of 96-h LC50) after 15 and 30 days of exposure. Stimulation in acid phosphatase was more pronounced than in alkaline phosphatase when the fish were exposed to P, DNP, PCP and (P + DNP)/PCP for both time intervals. In (PCP + DNP)/P and (DNP + P)/PCP, however, the stimulation was greater in alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:In vivo subacute physiological stress induced by phenolic compounds on acid and alkaline phosphatases in serum of a fish, Notopterus notopterus. 729 29

Specimens of a fresh water fish, Notopterus notopterus were exposed to either phenol (12.56 mg/L), dinitrtophenol (1.34 mg/L), or a mixture of the two (6.28 mg phenol + 0.67 mg dinitrophenol/L) for 72-hr. Surviving fish were sacrificed at 24-, 48-, and 72-hr after exposure, and tissue samples were taken for determining the acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities. Phenol, dinitrophenol, and mixtures of both, inhibited the activity of both enzymes in the kidney, heart, brain, gills, muscles, stomach, intestine, and pyloric caeca. dinitrophenol exerted more inhibition than phenol. In general, mixtures of phenol and dinitrophenol are somewhat more effective than either compound alone in the inhibition of enzyme activities.
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PMID:Effects of phenol and dinitrophenol on acid and alkaline phosphatases in tissues of a fish (Notopterus notopterus). 740 49

To investigate the age-related changes of mandibular bones, three osteoblastic cell lines (11-4tc, 32-3c and 84-3c cells) with a high level of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity were isolated from the mandibular bones of mice at the three different ages (11, 32 and 84 weeks old). Growth rate, ALPase activity, mineralization ability and the expressions of mRNAs of collagen alpha (I) (CO) and osteopontine (OP) were investigated in these cell lines. The effects of beta-glycerophosphate, retinoic acid, 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and estrogen on cellular activity were also examined. The results were as follows: 1. The doubling times of 11-4tc, 32-3c and 84-3c cells were 20, 16 and 39 hours respectively. 2. The maximum ALPase activity of 11-4tc, 32-3c and 84-3c cells in a confluent monolayer were 0.403, 0.020 and 0.035 mu moles phenol/min/mg protein respectively. 3. The mineralization ability and the growth response to estrogen were decreased with advancing age of the donor. 4. The mRNAs of CO and OP were expressed in these cells. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid increased the expression of mRNAs of OP when 11-4tc cells were cultured for 7 days and when 32-3c and 84-3c cells were cultured for 18 days. These results suggest that the aging of the donor relates with the depression of proliferation, mineralization and biological responses to estrogen, 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid in osteoblastic cells in mandibular bones.
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PMID:[Basic studies on aging of mandible--age-related changes of osteoblastic cells from mouse mandible]. 775 96

This study examined the effects of testosterone on chondrocytes in vitro in order to determine whether the effects of testosterone were dependent on the stage of chondrocyte maturation and gender specific. Cells derived from male or female rat costochondral growth zone and resting zone cartilage were used as the cell culture model. [3H]Thymidine incorporation, cell number, alkaline phosphatase specific activity, and percent collagen production were used as indicators. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity in matrix vesicles and plasma membranes isolated from male and female chondrocyte cultures was measured to determine which membrane fraction was targeted by the hormone. The role of fetal bovine serum in the culture medium was also addressed. The results demonstrated that testosterone decreases cell number and [3H]thymidine incorporation in male chondrocytes, suggesting that it may promote differentiation of these cells. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity is stimulated in growth zone cells, with no effect on resting zone cells. The increase in enzyme activity is targeted to the matrix vesicles. Cells cultured in serum-free medium exhibit a dose-dependent inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity when cultured with testosterone, even in the presence of phenol red. Testosterone-dependent stimulation of enzyme activity is seen only in the presence of serum, suggesting that serum factors are also necessary. Testosterone increased the percent collagen production in male cells only, regardless of the cartilage zone of origin. The results of this study indicate that the effects of testosterone are dependent on the time of exposure, presence of serum, and sex and stage of maturation of the chondrocytes. Testosterone-dependent stimulation of alkaline phosphatase specific activity is targeted to matrix vesicles.
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PMID:Gender-specific, maturation-dependent effects of testosterone on chondrocytes in culture. 813 26

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was developed by using oligonucleotide primers to amplify a fragment of IS6110, an insertion sequence repeated multiple times in the chromosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sediment obtained from sputa processed by the N-acetyl-L-cysteine-NaOH method was suspended in a simple lysis buffer and was heated at 100 degrees C for 30 min prior to amplification. A dUTP-uracil N-glycosylase PCR protocol was used to prevent false-positive test results because of the carryover of products from previous amplification reactions. The 317-bp amplicon was detected by direct gel analysis and Southern blotting and then hybridization with a biotin-labeled internal probe. Hybrid molecules were detected by using a commercially available avidin-alkaline phosphatase-chemiluminescent substrate system (Tropix, Inc., Bedford, Mass.). The analytical sensitivity of the assay was 10 fg of purified mycobacterial DNA. The limits of detection by culture (Middlebrook 7H11 agar and Lowenstein-Jensen medium) and by PCR were equivalent in terminal dilution experiments for organism suspensions and positive sputa. An internal control was used to detect the presence of amplification inhibitors in each negative reaction mixture. DNA was purified from inhibitory specimens by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. PCR results were compared with results of microscopy and conventional culture for the detection of M. tuberculosis in 313 sputum specimens. There were 124 specimens that were positive for M. tuberculosis by conventional methods and 113 (91%) that were positive by PCR. PCR detected 105 of 110 (95%) of the smear-positive and 8 of 14 (57%) of the smear-negative specimens. There were no false-positive results by PCR (specificity, 100%). This PCR assay innovations that make application of this new technology feasible in clinical microbiology laboratories.
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PMID:Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by polymerase chain reaction and DNA hybridization. 834 53

This study examined the effects of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) on chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. Cells derived from male or female rat costochondral growth zone and resting zone cartilage were used to determine whether the effects of E2 were dependent on the stage of chondrocyte maturation and whether they were sex-specific. [3H]-Thymidine incorporation, cell number, alkaline phosphatase specific activity, and percent collagen production were used as indicators of differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity in matrix vesicles and plasma membranes isolated from female chondrocyte cultures was measured to determine which membrane fraction was targeted by the hormone. Specificity of the E2 effects was assessed using 17-alpha-estradiol. The role of fetal bovine serum and phenol red in the culture medium was also addressed. The results demonstrated that E2 decreases cell number and [3H]-thymidine incorporation in female chondrocytes, indicating that it promotes differentiation of these cells. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity is stimulated in both growth zone and resting zone cells, but the effect is greater in the less mature resting zone chondrocytes. The increase in enzyme activity is targeted to the matrix vesicles in both cell types, but the fold increase is greater in the growth zone cells. In male chondrocytes, there was a decrease in [3H]-thymidine incorporation at high E2 concentrations in resting zone cells at the earliest time point examined (12 hours) and a slight stimulation in alkaline phosphatase activity in growth zone cells at 24 hours. Cells cultured in serum-free medium exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition in alkaline phosphatase activity when cultured with E2, even in the presence of phenol red. E2-dependent stimulation of enzyme activity is seen only in the presence of serum, suggesting that serum factors are also necessary. E2 increased percent collagen production in female cells only; the magnitude of the effect was greatest in the resting zone chondrocyte cultures. The results of this study indicate that the effects of E2 are dependent on time of exposure, presence of serum, and the sex and state of maturation of the chondrocytes. E2-dependent stimulation of alkaline phosphatase specific activity is targeted to matrix vesicles.
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PMID:Sex-dependent effects of 17-beta-estradiol on chondrocyte differentiation in culture. 842 17

A bienzyme substrate-recycling biosensor in a flow injection analysis system is described for the sensitive measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and applied to the fast readout of a competitive immunoassay for the widely used pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The phenol-indicating biosensor consists of a Clark-type electrode covered by a membrane with coentrapped tyrosinase and quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase. ALP dephosphorylates phenyl phosphate to phenol (K(m) = 36 microM) outside the flow system. Phenol is oxidized in the sensor membrane by the oxygen-consuming tyrosinase via catechol to o-quinone. The quinone is reconverted to catechol by glucose dehydrogenase. This substrate cycling results in a 350-fold amplified sensor response to phenol. The oxygen consumption of the enzyme couple in the presence of phenol is monitored as a decrease in current. A total of 3.2 fM ALP (320 zmol/ 100 microL) has been detected after a 57.5 min incubation with phenyl phosphate. All involved reagents are stable over the time of measurement. The sensor does not produce any measurable blank signals. The immunoassay detects 0.1 microgram/L 2,4-D, the maximum concentration for pesticides allowed in drinking water by European Community regulations. The applicability of this biosensor for fast immunoassay readout is demonstrated by a 2 min incubation. By comparison, a standard photometric method (p-nitrophenyl phosphate) requires overnight incubation.
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PMID:Zeptomole-detecting biosensor for alkaline phosphatase in an electrochemical immunoassay for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. 869 55

Novel polishable immunosensors based on rigid biocomposite materials have been constructed. These biocomposites contain graphite powder, rabbit IgG, and methacrylate or epoxy resins. This material acts as a reservoir for the biological molecules and as a transducer at the same time. In order to study the potential analytical properties of this new type of material, a competitive binding assay was developed to determine the RIgG present in a sample with the aid of goat anti-rabbit IgG labeled with alkaline phosphatase. Using phenyl phosphate as a substrate, the phenol produced by the enzymatic reaction was amperometrically detected at 800 mV (vs Ag/AgC1). The surface of the immunosensor can be regenerated by simply polishing, obtaining fresh immunocomposite ready to be used in a new competitive assay.
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PMID:Amperometric immunosensors based on rigid conducting immunocomposites. 918 75


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