Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serological tests may be of value in differentiating acute and chronic bile duct obstruction because the rate of alteration of hepatic cellular integrity and function will affect the rate of cellular product release. In a canine model the common bile duct was obstructed either suddenly (N = 7) or gradually (N = 5). A control group (N = 5) had the common bile duct dissected free from the surrounding tissues. Blood was taken before and 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17, 21, and 28 days after initiating obstruction. Serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were significantly greater with sudden compared to gradual occlusion, and the values were larger than those in the control. The range of values of alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase did not overlap in the acute and chronic groups at specific times. Serum albumin and total protein were normal in all groups. The magnitude of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin elevation may help in the differentiation of acute and chronic biliary obstruction.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of liver function tests in bile duct obstruction. 256 54

In a short-term study the response of ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) was compared to that of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in the serum of rats after treatment with single doses of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Furthermore, the sensitivity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) was studied in comparison to alkaline phosphatase (AP) and bilirubin. After dosing 100 microliter CCl4/kg, the response of OCT activity was 10- and 20-times higher than that of GOT and GPT, respectively. At 300 microliter/kg we observed an increase of up to 17- and 34-times of GOT and GPT activities. Maximal elevation of gamma-GT activity was about twice that of AP and of the bilirubin content. Moreover, the variability of the gamma-GT activities was found to be considerably higher, than that of AP and bilirubin levels. These results indicate, that OCT is a useful parameter to detect hepatic parenchymal injury, whereas gamma-GT cannot be proposed as an alternative to AP and bilirubin.
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PMID:Comparative study on the sensitivity of several serum enzymes in detecting hepatic damage in rats. 286 47

Male F344 rats were exposed by gavage to samples of complex mixtures and evaluated 24 hr later. Seven of the 10 samples caused death at doses ranging from 1 to 5 ml/kg body wt. Eight of the 10 samples were hepatotoxic based on histopathologic evaluation; 6 were centrilobular and 2 were periportal hepatotoxicants. The waste samples exerted toxicity through different mechanisms, as indicated by differences in the severity and lobular location of the tissue damage. Nine of the 10 samples caused an increase in the ratio of liver weight to body weight (relative liver weight). With histopathological evaluation as the criterion, relative liver weight was the single best indicator of hepatotoxicity. Exposure to several of the waste samples increased serum total bilirubin and serum enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase. As a battery, but not individually, the serum indicators separated the 8 hepatotoxic samples from the 2 nonhepatotoxic samples. In general, the hepatotoxicity of the waste samples did not appear to be readily predicted from (partial) chemical characterization data. An approach that includes both chemical characterization and biological testing should provide valuable information regarding the hazardous nature of complex wastes.
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PMID:Lethality and hepatotoxicity of complex waste mixtures. 337 Dec 93

Young rats were force-fed a lysine + arginine-devoid diet or a complete diet for 3 days, and selected biochemical and morphologic studies were conducted. Rats force-fed the experimental diet in comparison with those force-fed the control diet for 3 days showed decreased body weight gain, hepatomegaly with periportal fatty liver, pancreatic and splenic atrophy, and enhanced 14C-leucine incorporation into hepatic proteins. Differences in the experimental animals were observed in the free amino acid levels of serum (decreased lysine, arginine, and ornithine) and liver (decreased ornithine), in blood chemistries (decreased levels of ammonia N2, uric acid, cholesterol, protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, LDH and SGOT) and in hematologic findings (leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia after a morning feeding). The experimental findings in young rats force-fed the lysine + arginine-devoid diet were compared with those reported to develop in children with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), an autosomal recessive defect in diamino acid transport. Children with LPI as described by others reveal a number of similarities as well as a number of differences in comparison to the findings in the experimental animals. The comparison suggests that some of the pathological manifestations of LPI may be related to a deficiency of diamino acids but others must be due to different alterations in this complex human disease.
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PMID:Chemical pathology of diamino acid deficiency: considerations in relation to lysinuric protein intolerance. 393 96

In adult sparse-fur mutant mice, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity represents only 14% of the normal values. We studied the development of this activity from birth to adult period and demonstrated that the enzyme deficiency is already fully expressed at birth, in both the liver and the small intestine of mutants. Since OTC catalyzes the conversion of ornithine to citrulline, in the presence of carbamoyl-phosphate, the effect of a disturbed ornithine metabolism on the postnatal development of the small intestine has been evaluated. The normal appearance of sucrase as well as the normal increase of glucoamylase, trehalase, and alkaline phosphatase activities are delayed in sparse-fur mice compared with controls. Moreover, normal adult values are never attained. In contrast, the normal decline of lactase activity is impaired while leucylnaphthylamidase activity is unaffected. Cell proliferation, as evaluated by [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and mitotic index, is less active during the 3rd wk of life in mutants. These phenomena are closely associated with a transient weak arginase and ornithine decarboxylase activity in the small intestine. Since arginase catalyzes the conversion of arginine to orthithine, thus ensuring the availability of this substrate for ornithine decarboxylase activity, these results indicate a disturbance of polyamine metabolism in mutant enterocytes with a consequent delay in postnatal differentiation and proliferation. Sparse-fur mutant mouse may therefore represent a useful animal model for evaluating the role of ornithine metabolism in the maturation process of the small intestine.
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PMID:Postnatal maturation of enterocytes in sparse-fur mutant mice. 395 97

The serum enzymes of pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium and of uninfected pigs were assayed. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and ceruloplasmin activities were significantly increased in the serum of the infected pigs.
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PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activities in pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium. 400 13

The activity of certain serum enzymes ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT), serum isocitric dehydrogenase (SIC-D), total serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes (LD(1) and LD(5)) was evaluated as a mean of assessing experimental hepatic necrosis on dogs treated with CCl(4). Measurement of activity levels of these enzymes, seldom carried out in veterinary clinical pathology, was made together with tests commonly used in our laboratories: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP), cholesterol, bilirubin and prothrombin time. Measurement of the level of OCT was useful in the diagnosis of liver necrosis. The SIC-D level was important during the first four days of the experiment, but on subsequent days, the enzymatic activity was practically normal. Because of the wide variations of LDH serum levels in normal animals and since many factors influence its activity, the measurement of this enzyme and its isoenzymes was not a good index in the diagnosis of canine liver necrosis. The evaluation of cholesterol and bilirubin was judged of secondary importance because these metabolites are not specific to hepatic problems.A small battery of tests must be used to establish a precise diagnosis and a clear prognosis. To the routine tests like those for SGOT, SGPT and SAP, should be added the evaluation of OCT and SIC-D.
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PMID:[Serum enzymes for the diagnosis of experimental acute hepatic necrosis]. 424 68

Acute obstruction of the extrahepatic ducts causes gross proximal duct dilatation, and elevated levels of ornithine carbamyl transferase, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase. Slow progressive obstruction causes variable proximal duct dilatation and in these cases bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase return to normal, despite the presence of severe though incomplete obstruction of the common duct and microscopic findings of biliary cirrhosis. In the early phases, ornithine carbamyl transferase is a slightly more sensitive indicator of biliary obstruction than alkaline phosphatase or bilirubin, but the values still return to normal in the face of a persistent stricture. If a patient who has previously had common duct surgery develops recurrent episodes of fever which suggest cholangitis, it should be assumed that he has a recurrent stricture, even though a cholangiogram and liver function may be normal or only slightly altered. A delay until the liver function studies show consistently raised levels may result in severe biliary cirrhosis and decreased hepatic reserve.
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PMID:Studies in obstructive jaundice. 581 Sep 71

Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in plasma, liver, and kidney, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was measured in liver and kidney of black ducks (Anas rubripes). Activities of ALT, AST, GGT, and ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) were assayed in plasma, liver, and kidney of game-farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Appreciable OCT and AST activity occurred in both liver and kidney. Activities of ALT, CPK, ALP and GGT were higher in kidney, while LDH was higher in liver, GGT was detected in plasma from one of four mallards.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in plasma, liver and kidney of black ducks and mallards. 613 Jan 68

Three groups of patients received Althesin, minaxolone or di-isopropyl phenol to supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. A fourth group receiving halothane to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen acted as a control. Hepatic function tests were measured before operation and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after major vascular reconstructive surgery. There were significant increases to a mean value above the upper limit of normal in aspartate amino-transferase activity by day 3 in all groups. Total lactic dehydrogenase activity increased in the patients receiving Althesin, minaxolone and halothane. No change was seen in the alkaline phosphatase in any of the study groups. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase increased in all groups, but the mean value at day 7 was not greater than the upper limit of normal. The mean activity of ornithine carbamoyl transpeptidase showed no change in any group throughout the study period. Two of the patients receiving minaxolone suffered cholestatic jaundice during the first month. These results suggest that anaesthesia with Althesin or di-isopropyl phenol results in enzyme changes similar to those seen in a comparable group of patients receiving halothane to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen anaesthesia.
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PMID:Hepatic function after anaesthesia for major vascular reconstructive surgery. 613 33


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