Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of the various parameters measured in the Serum of rats given a single overdose of acetaminophen (APAP), methaemoglobin (M-Hb) free and conjugated bilirubin seem to be better diagnostic indicators of APAP poisoning than alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
...
PMID:Hepatoxicity evaluation in rats given a single overdose of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol). 262 Mar 40

1. The hepatoprotective activity of aqueous-methanolic extract of Cyperus scariosus (Cyperaceae) was investigated against acetaminophen and CCl4-induced hepatic damage. 2. Acetaminophen produced 100% mortality at a dose of 1 g/kg in mice while pretreatment of animals with plant extract (500 mg/kg) reduced the death rate to 30%. 3. Acetaminophen at a dose of 640 mg/kg produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) to 430 +/- 68, 867 +/- 305 and 732 +/- 212 IU/l (n = 10) respectively, compared to respective control values of 202 +/- 36, 59 +/- 14 and 38 +/- 7. 4. Pretreatment of rats with plant extract (500 mg/kg) significantly lowered (P < 0.05) the respective serum ALP; GOT and GPT levels to 192 +/- 31, 63 +/- 9 and 35 +/- 8. 5. The hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg; orally) raised serum ALP, GOT and GPT levels to 328 +/- 30, 493 +/- 102 and 357 +/- 109 IU/l (n = 10) respectively, compared to respective control values of 177 +/- 21, 106 +/- 15 and 47 +/- 12. 6. The same dose of plant extract (500 mg/kg) was able to significantly prevent (P < 0.05) CCl4-induced rise in serum enzymes and the estimated values of ALP, GOT and GPT were 220 +/- 30, 207 +/- 95 and 75 +/- 38, respectively. 7. The plant extract also prevented CCl4-induced prolongation in pentobarbital sleeping time confirming hepatoprotectivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Studies on protective effect of Cyperus scariosus extract on acetaminophen and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. 778 38

Studies were performed on 670 male mice of Swiss strain. Cernilton (mixture of preparation Cernitin T-60-100 mg/kg and Cernitin GBX--20 mg/kg emulsified by using Imwitor 370) was intraperitoneally administered in a volume of 30 ml/kg of body mass. LD50 of paracetamol was fixed after intraperitoneal administration. Certimilton was given 1 h before or 1 h after paracetamol in a dose LD100 and LD50, thereafter the survival time and the number of deceased animals were determined. The effect of Cernilton preparation on the lesion of the liver induced by paracetamol was studied in 5 groups with 10 mice each: group 1--control; group 2--paracetamol; group 3--Cernilton, after 1 h paracetamol; group 4--paracetamol; after 1 h Cernilton; group 5--Cernilton. Paracetamol was injected in the following manner: a--300 mg/kg in a single dose, estimation after 3 h, b--300 mg/kg in single dose--section after 24 h, c--230 mg/kg/24 h single dose--estimation after 24 h, d--230 mg/kg/24 h four times--section after 24 h, e--230 mg/kg/24 h--seven times--estimation after 24 h. The degree of hepatic lesion was evaluated on the basis of the activity of alanine and asparagine aminotransferase as well as alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin concentration in serum, the content of reduced glutathione and cytochrome P-450 in the liver as well as histological and histochemical examinations (glycogen, lipids) of the liver. It has been disclosed that Cernilton increases the survival rate of animals and decreases the hepatic lesion in the course of acute paracetamol intoxication, Cernilton is the factor that effectively normalizes the biochemical and morphological indices of hepatic lesions having been caused by repeated use of toxic paracetamol dose. The therapeutic action of pollen extracts is more effective than prophylactic one. The role of glutathione is significant in the mechanism of protective activity of the pollen extract.
...
PMID:[Experimental evaluation of the effect of pollen extract on the course of paracetamol poisoning]. 815 23

Acetaminophen high doses toxicity has been reported in clinical and experimental studies in relation with cytochrome P-450. (Acetaminophen metabolite). Thinking that biliary tract obstructions hould increases drugs toxicity because interferes toxic substances excretion or it modify the activity of P-450 we decided to study acetaminophen toxicity in rats with biliary tract obstruction. Male sprague Dawley rats were used (body weight 250-400 gr) in two groups: Group I control (6 rats) with choledoco bile duct ligated; two doses of saline solution 0.9% Intraperitoneal, 0.2 ml/100 gr. were administrated. Group II (Same surgical intervention) received two doses of acetaminophen (intraperitoneal) solution (400 mg/Kg). This group was divided in two (6 rats each), one of this was sacrificed at 48 h. and the other one at 120 h. after acetaminophen injection. Total, direct and indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, ALT and AST transaminases, hematology study, liver weight, histological studies of liver and kidney were performed in all rats. High incidence of liver necrosis ans significative transaminases increases were found in group II. Our results were discussed taking account that recent biliary tract obstruction increase acetaminophen toxicity, at a half doses reported in other studies. It is possible that mixed oxidation system activity of cytochrome P-450 was increased in our research.
...
PMID:[Effects of cholestasis on hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in rats]. 856 72

1. The hepatoprotective activity of an aqueous-methanolic extract of Fumaria parviflora was investigated against paracetamol- and CCI4-induced hepatic damage. 2. Paracetamol (1 g/kg; orally) produced 100% mortality in mice; pretreatment of animals with the plant extract (500 mg/kg; orally) reduced the death rate to 50%. 3. Pretreatment of rats with plant extract (500 mg/kg, orally twice daily for 2 days) prevented (P < 0.001) the paracetamol (640 mg/kg)-induced rise in serum enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transaminases (GOT and GPT), whereas the same dose of the extract was unable to prevent (P > 0.05) the CCI4-induced rise in serum enzyme levels. 4. Posttreatment with 3 successive doses of the extract (500 mg/kg, 6 hourly) also restricted the paracetamol-induced hepatic damage. 5. The plant extract (500 mg/kg; orally) caused significant prolongation in pentobarbital (75 mg/ kg)-induced sleep as well as increased strychnine-induced lethality in mice (P < 0.05), suggestive of an inhibitory effect on microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes (MDME). 6. It is conceivable therefore, that Fumaria parviflora extract exhibits a selective protective effect against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity, probably mediated through MDME inhibition.
...
PMID:Selective protective effect of an extract from Fumaria parviflora on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. 890 78

Esculetin, a phenolic compound found in Cichorium intybus and Bougainvllra spectabillis was investigated for its possible protective effect against paracetamol and CCl4-induced hepatic damage. Paracetamol produced 100% mortality at the dose of 1 g kg-1 in mice while pre-treatment of animals with esculetin (6 mg kg-1) reduced the death rate to 40%. Oral administration of paracetamol (640 mg kg-1) produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in serum enzyme levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aminotransferases (AST and ALT). Pre-treatment of rats with esculetin (6 mg kg-1) prevented the paracetamol-induced rise in serum enzymes. The hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 (1.5 ml kg-1; orally) also raised serum ALP, AST and ALT levels. The same dose of esculetin (6 mg kg-1) was able to prevent the CCl4-induced rise in serum enzymes. Esculetin also prevented CCl4-induced prolongation in pentobarbital sleeping time confirming hepatoprotectivity. These results indicate that esculetin possesses anti-hepatotoxic activity and the presence of this compound in Cichorium intybus and Bougainvllra spectabillis may explain the folkloric use of these plants in liver damage.
...
PMID:Esculetin prevents liver damage induced by paracetamol and CCL4. 950 77

Most of the double immunostaining protocols that have been introduced so far have been developed for application on fresh frozen material or based on different species antibodies. In liver tissue, general problems of double immunostaining techniques are further complicated by tissue-specific difficulties, such as necrosis or high intracellular protein content. To assess a reliable double immunostaining protocol for archived, paraffin embedded liver tissue, different protocols based on the use of same species primary antibodies were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and non-specific background staining in pathological liver specimens. We compared peroxidase-anti-peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (PAP/APAP), labelled-avidin-biotin (LAB/LAB) and digoxigenin-anti-digoxigenin (dig-a-dig/PAP) techniques using different cytokeratin antibodies and an antibody against PCNA. Comparison of the double immunostaining techniques revealed a high sensitivity and specificity in all procedures. Sections, which were stained employing PAP/APAP-technique, displayed a higher background staining compared to sections which were treated with the LAB/LAB or dig-a-dig/PAP protocol. In contrast to the dig-a-dig/PAP protocol, the LAB/LAB technique provides a better time/cost relationship. Therefore, we would like to recommend a modified LAB/LAB protocol for simultaneous detection of different antigens in archived liver tissue.
...
PMID:Comparison of different double immunostaining protocols for paraffin embedded liver tissue. 1060 66

In previous work we reported that 1 h after acetaminophen (APAP) administration, tubular function remained at control values, while 16 h later a significant deterioration of tubular function was observed. The aim of the present work was to study if APAP induces its renal toxic effects by altering the normal activity of key tubular plasma membrane enzymes. We analyzed the effects of a nephrotoxic dose of APAP (1000 mg/kg b.wt., i.p.) on the activities of the brush-border membrane (BBM) enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, and the basolateral membrane (BLM) enzyme Na(+), K(+) ATPase 1 h (APAP(1h)) and 16 h (APAP(16h)) after dosing. Na(+), K(+) ATPase abundance in homogenates and each membrane domain were analyzed by Western blot. Cortical adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) content was also evaluated. At each time studied, APAP promoted a diminution of alkaline phosphatase in BBM. Na(+), K(+) ATPase activity in BLM showed a biphasic response to APAP. One hour after APAP administration it was significantly increased, but it was decreased 16 h after dosing. Na(+), K(+) ATPase protein abundance was elevated in homogenates, BLM, and BBM after 1 h of APAP dosing. After 16 h, Na(+), K(+) ATPase abundance was increased in homogenates, while in BLM it was decreased. No differences were observed in cortical ATP content in each time studied. Our present results could contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of the previously reported time course alteration in the fractional excretion of sodium promoted by a nephrotoxic dose of APAP.
...
PMID:Effect of acetaminophen on Na(+), K(+) ATPase and alkaline phosphatase on plasma membranes of renal proximal tubules. 1076 27

The hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous-methanolic extract of Ambrosia maritima was investigated against acetaminophen (paracetamol, 4-hydroxy acetanilide) induced hepatic damage. Acetaminophen at the dose of 640 mg/kg produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the significant (P < 0.001) rise in serum levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to 1178.5 +/-118.05; 607.5 +/- 32.6 and 274.16 +/- 8.89 IU/l (n = 10), respectively, compared with respective control values of 97.83+/-3.23; 46.0 +/- 3.92 and 168.67 +/- 7.86 IU/l. Pretreatment of rats with the plant extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) lowered significantly (P < 0.001) the respective serum AST to 203.3+/-5.74 and 157.1 +/- 8.78 IU/l, ALT to 138.67 +/- 7.7 and 87.5 +/- 3.6 IU/l and ALP levels to 238.0 +/- 5.89 and 206.5 +/- 7.5 IU/l, respectively. Treatment of rats with acetaminophen led to a marked increase in lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) (42%). This was associated with a significant reduction of the hepatic antioxidant system e.g. reduced glutathione (GSH) (65%), glutathione reductase (GSH-R) (35%), total glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (32%) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) (16%). These biochemical alterations resulting from acetaminophen administration were inhibited by pretreatment with A. maritima L. extract. These data suggest that the plant A. maritima L. may act as a hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent.
...
PMID:Evaluation of the protective potential of Ambrosia maritima extract on acetaminophen-induced liver damage. 1129 46

Acetaminophen overdose causes acute liver injury in both humans and animals. This study was designed to investigate the potential role of the conditionally essential amino acid taurine in preventing acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered acetaminophen (800 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Taurine (200 mg/kg) was given 12 h before, at the time of, and 1 or 2 h after acetaminophen injection. Acetaminophen treatment increased the plasma levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase and caused hepatic DNA fragmentation and hepatocyte necrosis. Taurine administered before, simultaneously with, or 1 h after acetaminophen resulted in significant improvement in hepatic injury as represented by decrease of hepatocellular enzyme release and attenuation of hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis, and this correlated with taurine-mediated attenuation of hepatic lipid peroxidation. These results indicate that taurine possesses prophylactic and therapeutic effects in acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury.
...
PMID:Role of taurine in preventing acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury in the rat. 1135 21


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>

---