Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of salts and non-ionic detergents on renal brush borders have been studied. 2 M sodium chloride, iodide or thiocyanate dissociated up to 40% of the protein from the brush borders, destroying the core filaments and resulting in the formation of membrane vesicles; EDTA had a similar effect on structure but released little protein. Triton X-100 and Nonidet P-40 extracted up to 60% of the protein including the major membrane glycoproteins and the enzymes trehalase, maltase and aminopeptidase (microsomal). Triton exhibited a selective effect on lipids removing phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin but not the bulk of the phosphatidylcholine or cholesterol. The residual structures after Triton extraction comprised the core filaments associated with vesicles of lipid containing alkaline phosphatase and several other proteins. Treatment of these core-vesicle complexes with 2 M sodium chloride dissociated the filaments, releasing the vesicles which could be recovered as a pellicle on centrifugation. It is suggested that the proteins found in the vesicles might serve to interconnect the core filaments with the lipid bilayer.
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PMID:Studies on the structure of the rabbit kidney brush border. 11 89

Groups of lambs were fed four levels of a diet based upon oaten grain. Two groups gained weight rapidly, one less rapidly and the other lost liveweight over a 32-day period. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was found to be closely correlated to liveweight, in a positive linear manner, in those lambs gaining weight rapidly. This relationship was similar in lambs of R or r blood group. Supplementation of the diet with limestone and or sodium chloride did not influence the relationship. This relationship is considered to reflect the influence of the dietary treatments upon the rate of skeletal metabolism.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in relation to liveweight of lambs. 16 70

The effect of 0.9% sodium chloride solution on the release of alkaline phosphatases from cells of four strains of Serratia marcescens was studied. Saline had a greater action in the releasability of the enzyme on cells of the polymyxin B sensitive strains than those of the polymyxin B resistant strains. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the released materials showed the presence of proteins and lipopolysaccharide components of the outer membrane as well as enzyme activity in all four strains. Cells from strains harvested under higher temperatures contained more releasable activity in the salin wash fraction than those harvested under refrigerated condition. Active components with molecular weights of 190,000 and 110,000 daltons were either absent or present to a lesser degree in the extracts released by the polymyxin B treatment of the washed cells. However, active components not released by saline were found in the polymyxin B extracts. Contrary to other reports, results of this study clearly showed the ubiquitous nature of alkaline phosphatase in S. marcescens. It appears that their releasability is related to the polymyxin B susceptibility as well as the instability of the outer membrane of the cell envelope.
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PMID:Effect of saline on the releasability of alkaline phosphatase from cells of Serratia marcescens. 18 60

Cytoplasmic extracts of interferon-treated primary chick embryo cells contain an enzyme activity that synthesized an inhibitor of chick cell-free protein synthesis. The same activity was detected in extracts of cells treated with mock preparations of interferon, but at <0.3% of the level found in interferon-treated cell extracts. The enzyme was activated by double-stranded RNA and could be isolated by binding to columns of poly(I)-poly(C)-agarose. In the column-bound state, the enzyme reacted with ATP to synthesize the inhibitor, which could then be continuously eluted from the column. The inhibitor was purified and its structure and function were compared with those of the low molecular weight inhibitor of protein synthesis made by an enzyme from interferon-treated mouse L cells. The avian and mammalian inhibitors comigrated on thin layers of polyethyleneimine-cellulose during chromatography in three different solvent systems, and they coeluted as a series of peaks from columns of DEAE-cellulose during sodium chloride gradient elution. Digestion with bacterial alkaline phosphatase or snake venom phosphodiesterase yielded products that similarly comigrated. Functionally, the two inhibitors were interchangeable: both inhibited protein synthesis in extracts of mammalian and avian cells, producing 50% inhibition at a concentration of about 0.3 nM (AMP equivalents). We conclude that the chick cell-derived oligonucleotide inhibitor has a structure that is closely related or identical to that of the inhibitor made in the mouse system, and that both preparations inhibit cell-free protein synthesis in a non-species-specific manner.
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PMID:Oligonucleotide inhibitor of protein synthesis made in extracts of interferon-treated chick embryo cells: comparison with the mouse low molecular weight inhibitor. 27 8

50 guinea pigs were allergized three times in 3 days intervals by subcutaneous injection of 25% solution of egg-white in physiological saline in a dose of 0-1 ml/100 g of body weight. On the 21 day after the last injection the animals were exposed to aerosol of antigen of egg-white. 11 animals died in acute anaphylactic shock. The control group consisted of 12 guinea pigs which received subcutaneously a solution of physiological sodium chloride of the same dosis--0-1 ml/100 g of body weight and were also exposed to the allergen, together with the experimental group. The removed parathyroids together with the thyroid gland were studied with histologic and cytoenzymatic methods. The activity of alkaline and acid phosphomonoesterase, nonspecific AS-naphtol acetate esterase, succinic (SDH), lactic (LDH) and D-L-alfaglicerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) were tested. No morphological changes in the parathyroids of guinea pigs in anaphylactic shock were found. Instead a decrease of the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases was found, what might be connected with the decrease of metabolic activity of the cells. The decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity in the endothelial cells of the capillaries was another finding. It is likely that in an acute anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs only functional changes develop which have not counterparts in histology visible under the light microscope.
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PMID:Cytoenzymatic investigations of parathyroid glands in acute anaphylactic shock of guinea pig. 86 38

Entamoeba histolytica possesses significant acid phosphatase activity as compared to alkaline phosphatase activity. The acid phosphatase activity in the amoebic cells eluted at higher saline concentration as three distinct peaks at 200, 300 and 400 mM sodium chloride.
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PMID:Partial purification of acid phosphomonoesterase in axenically grown Entamoeba histolytica NIH-200. 129 52

We determined serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin levels in a group of 66 very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants seen at Kenyatta National Hospital. We used these parameters as markers to study the effect of sodium supplementation on protein and bone metabolism in VLBW infants fed on their mothers' milk. 41 of the infants were supplemented with 3 mMol/kg/day sodium chloride for a duration of six weeks of postnatal life. The remaining group were fed only on their mothers' milk. Results indicated significantly increased serum levels of calcium (P < 0.01) in the non-supplemented group while inorganic phosphate and total protein levels showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in the supplemented group. Both groups had increased levels of osteoblastic activity accompanied by high rate of protein synthesis in the supplemented group compared to the non-supplemented one. These findings together with a significant difference in growth rate (P < 0.01) observed between the two groups indicate that sodium supplementation may have a significant effect on the rate of bone mineralization and protein synthesis in VLBW infants.
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PMID:Sodium supplementation in very low birth weight infants fed on their own mothers milk: II. Effects on protein and bone metabolism. 129 20

The influence of sodium chloride (NaCl), miso (Japanese soybean paste) and ethanol on development of intestinal metaplasia was examined. Five-week-old male CD(SD): Crj rats were treated with two 10 Gy doses of X-rays to the gastric region at a 3-day interval (total 20 Gy). After irradiation, the rats received supplementation with NaCl (1% or 10% in diet), miso (10% in diet) or ethanol (10% in drinking water) for 12 months. The number of alkaline phosphatase-positive foci of intestinal metaplasia in rats given 1% NaCl diet (Group 3) after X-rays was significantly elevated as compared to that in rats given X-rays alone (Group 1) (P < 0.01) or X-rays with 10% NaCl (Group 2) (P < 0.01). In the pyloric gland mucosae, the total numbers of metaplastic foci in rats of Group 3 were much higher than in Group 2, or after miso diet (Group 4) or ethanol supplementation (Group 5) (P < 0.01), but no difference was found between Group 2, 4 or 5 and Group 1. Atypical hyperplasia only appeared at incidences of less than 6% in Groups 1-3 and no promoting effect on gastric tumorigenesis was evident in Group 2. The present results thus showed that the occurrence of intestinal metaplasia induced by X-irradiation can be significantly increased by administration of 1% NaCl and decreased by 10% NaCl and ethanol, but this is not associated with any influence on gastric neoplasia.
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PMID:The effects of sodium chloride, miso or ethanol on development of intestinal metaplasia after X-irradiation of the rat glandular stomach. 148 41

The effects of salt (sodium chloride) supplementation of rat diets (80 g/kg diet), with or without lactose (150 g/kg), were studied in weanling rats over 14 d. Dietary salt increased water intake and reduced weight gain and food conversion efficiency, but these variables were unaffected by lactose. Salt-supplemented rats exhibited a three- to fivefold increase in urinary calcium excretion and a small increase in urinary magnesium and phosphorus excretion, irrespective of dietary lactose content. In addition, salt supplementation reduced plasma alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity. Lactose increased urinary Ca and Mg excretion and plasma Ca and P concentrations. Salt reduced tibia mass but not tibia mass expressed relative to body-weight, but neither variable was affected by lactose. Both tibia Mg content and concentration were reduced by salt but unaffected by lactose, and neither tibia P content nor concentration was affected by salt or lactose. Tibia Ca content was reduced by salt but this was prevented by lactose. Tibia Ca concentration was unaffected by salt or lactose, although there was a reduction (not significant) in tibia Ca concentration in animals fed on the lactose-free diet. These results show that lactose had no independent effect on bone and that reduced accretion of bone mass and mineral content in rats fed on the high-salt diets was due, at least in part, to reduced growth. Failure to offset sodium-induced hypercalciuria by a compensatory increase in net Ca absorption may have contributed to reduced bone Ca accretion. The protective effect of lactose against reduced bone Ca accretion may be due to increased Ca absorption.
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PMID:Effect of dietary lactose on salt-mediated changes in mineral metabolism and bone composition in the rat. 193 8

A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells monophenotypically express the placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)-like enzyme shown by its catalytic and antigenic characteristics, properties which are shared by the Nagao isozyme. More specifically, it is L-leucine sensitive just as is the rare placental D-variant of PLAP and the testicular heat-stable enzyme. Collectively, these are all referred to as PLAP-like enzymes. The enzyme was localized to the surface of the plasma membrane since it was released in an active form by bromelain treatment of cells. The number of molecules per A431 cell was estimated by radioimmunoassay at 7.5 X 10(5), a value significantly higher than that observed for HeLa TCRC-1 cells (5 X 10(4) which express the S-variant of PLAP, also referred to as the Regan isozyme. The quantity of the enzyme was increased significantly (10-fold) by treating the cells with modulating agents including sodium butyrate, prednisolone, and hyperosmolar sodium chloride. The identification of a cell line such as A431 with enhanced expression in the amount of the PLAP-like enzyme and which can be further enhanced by modulating agents will facilitate studies of the differences and the similarities between this protein and other variants of PLAP. The A431 cell line now takes its place with other cell lines which are phenotypically restricted in their expression of alkaline phosphatase. Finally, the A431 cell line is also shown here to be a suitable model system for in vivo tumor studies such as immunolocalization.
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PMID:Characterization of the placental alkaline phosphatase-like (Nagao) isozyme on the surface of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. 257 98


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