Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

5 serum protein polymorphic systems (haptoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, group-specific (Gc) proteins, beta2-glycoprotein 1 and leucine aminopeptidase) and 6 red-cell polymorphisms (adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase, phosphoglucomutase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase) have been investigated in 54 subjects with tuberous sclerosis. The frequencies of all systems were compared with those of a control sample drawn from a similar mentally retarded population and abnormal distributions were detected in the haptoglobin and Gc system. Quantitative estimation of the serum levels of the Gc protein failed to detect any inter-group differences. Data on the deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equlibrium, Haldane's Log ratio test between groups, and gene frequencies of both test and control groups are given. It is suggested that selection by mortality is the possible causation for the abnormal distribution of the Gc phenotypes, but the haptoglobin phenotype distribution requires further investigation with care being taken in the selection of control subjects.
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PMID:Serum and tissue proteins in tuberous sclerosis. I. Serum and red-cell polymorphic systems. 16 11

Changes in enzymes and metabolites of the carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscles were studied in mice after intracerebral inoculation of dengue type 2 virus. It was noted that lactic dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphoglucomutase, GO-T and GP-T activity were enhanced initially by two- to three-fold, reaching a peak on day 5. As the illness appeared in mice, all the enzyme activities were lowered and were about three times less in the paralytic stage on the 8th day as compared to controls. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity was increased on the 4th and 5th days but decreased later. Acid phosphatase increased abruptly from the 6th day while alkaline phosphatase activity was irregular. Creatine increased on the 4th and 5th days but diminished later. Glycogen decreased from the beginning and was lowest on the 5th day, but the levels increased later and were maximum in paralysed muscles. On the other hand, lactic acid began accumulating in the muscles and was maximum on the 5th day, then declined. Dengue virus was detected in the muscles from the 2nd day but higher titres were seen from the 6th day. Changes similar to the preparalytic stage of mice may occur in human beings, causing myalgia.
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PMID:Biochemical study of certain enzymes and metabolites of the carbohydrate metabolism in the skeletal muscle of the dengue virus-infected mice. 69 Jun 8

In this study we compare the specific activities and isoenzyme patterns of five enzymes--phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase--in term placenta with the analogous enzymes in a clone of choriocarcinoma cells grown in culture. Phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, and lactate dehydrogenase specific activities of the choriocarcinoma did not differ by more than two or three times from the mean activities of the comparable enzymes in placenta; the specific activity of hexokinase in the choriocarcinoma amounted to 14 per cent of the mean value for placenta. In contrast, the mean specific activity of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in the choriocarcinoma amounted to only 1 per cent of the mean value for placenta. By growing the cells in 5-bromodeoxyuridine, 20 mug per milliliter, we were able to increase alkaline phosphatase activity to 68 per cent of the mean value for placenta. For both extracts, phosphoglucose isomerase zymograms were similar and phosphoglucomutase zymograms were similar. The hexokinase zymogram of term placenta showed two isoenzymes which stained more intensely with 0.5 mM. glucose than with 0.1M glucose. A hexokinase isoenzyme was observed in zymograms of both extracts which stained more intensely with 0.1M glucose than with 0.5 mM glucose. Lactate dehydrogenase exhibited an extra isoenzyme in the choriocarcinoma extract. When the cells were cultivated in medium containing 5 mug per milliliter of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, the induced phosphatase in the cell line was electrophoretically similar to placental phosphatase. At higher concentrations of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, the most anodal isoenzyme was 0.5 cm. slower in mobility than the comparable placental isoenzyme.
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PMID:Enzymes of normal and malignant trophoblast: phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase. 111 69

The polymorphism observed among the enzymes involved in the respiratory metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphohexoseisomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase fructose 1-6 diphosphate dehydrogenase) is less important than that of the enzymes physiologically less essential, such as the various esterases, the alkaline phosphatase, the alcohol dehydrogenase, and of the non-enzymatic proteins (ovalbumin, ovoglobulins, ovomucoid, conalbumin, transferrin, etc.).
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PMID:[Biochemical polymorphism of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): comparison of functionally different proteins (author's transl)]. 114 Mar 13

A number of phosphorylated thiosugars have been prepared and tested as substrates for metabolic reactions. 6-Thioglucose-6-P is readily synthesized by reaction of 6-tosylglucose with trisodium thiophosphate at pH 10 in aqueous solution; the product has only sulfur between carbon and phosphorus. When ethyl glycerate is tosylated and treated similarly with thiophosphate, a 5:1 mixture of 3-thioglycerate-3-P and the 2-isomer is formed. 6-Thioglucose-6-P is converted by glycolytic enzymes to triose phosphates, 3-thioglycerol-3-P and 3-thioglycerate-3-P, and is oxidized by enzymes of the hexose monophosphate shunt to 5-thioribulose-5-P, which can be converted via phosphoribulokinase and ribulose-bis-P carboxylase into 3-P-glycerate and 3-thioglycerate-3-P. For most of the non-phosphoryl-transferring enzymes there are only moderate effects on Vmax and Km. Phosphoglucoisomerase, however, is very sensitive to the sulfur for oxygen change, with Vmax decreasing 60-fold and Km increasing 15-fold. Surprisingly, phosphoribulokinase has a V/K value for 5-thioribulose-5-P that is over 3 orders of magnitude less than for ribulose-5-P. 6-Thio-glucose-6-P was found to be a substrate for several enzymes that transfer the phosphoryl group. It is as good a substrate for alkaline phosphatase as glucose-6-P, and with phosphoglucomutase it is converted to 6-thioglucose-1-P with a rate that is 11% of the rate of reaction of glucose-1-P, with a Keq value of 45.6. The free energy of hydrolysis of the phosphorylated thiol is thus -7.2 kcal/mol at pH 7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phosphorylated thiosugars: synthesis, properties, and reactivity in enzymatic reactions. 164 86

Electrophoretic mobility patterns of six enzymes, viz. alkaline phosphatase E.C. 3.1.3.1., acid phosphatase E.C. 3.1.3.2., malic enzyme E.C. 1.1.1.40., phosphoglucomutase E.C. 2.7.5.1., isocitrate dehydrogenase E.C. 1.1.1.42., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase E.C. 1.1.1.49 of two axenically cultured human Giardia lamblia isolated from India (PD-1 and PD-2) and one strain from Portland, Oregon, USA (P-1) were compared using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Based on the difference in the mobility patterns of the enzymes phosphoglucomutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme, the PD-1 and PD-2 isolates appeared to be quite different from P-1. In the present study, the isocitrate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes were used for the first time for differentiation of Giardia isolates. In the case of PD-1, two alkaline phosphatase bands could be seen whereas only one band was observed in PD-2 and P-1. Thus, the three strains could be grouped into three different zymodemes. These findings reveal the significant heterogeneity in G. lamblia isolates both from widely separated areas and within a single region. Heterogeneity among G. lamblia strains may explain the variable clinical manifestations, host response and treatment efficacy characteristic of human giardiasis.
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PMID:Identification of heterogeneity in human isolates of Giardia lamblia by isoenzyme studies. 183 Jul 42

The applications of isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients in clinical chemistry and forensic analysis are reviewed. Strong emphasis is given to the separation of serum proteins, in particular alpha 1-acidic glycoprotein, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha 1-antitrypsin, apolipoproteins, complement component, factor B, factor XIIIB, group-specific component, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, phosphoglucomutase, prealbumin, protein C and transferrin. The analysis of human parotid salivary proteins is discussed and an assessment is given of the state of the art in thalassaemia screening.
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PMID:Isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients: applications in clinical chemistry and forensic analysis. 193 87

The aim of this work was to use preparations from germinating seeds of Pisum sativum to determine the apparent equilibrium constant of the reaction catalysed by sucrose-phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14) and to compare this with the mass-action ratio of the reaction in the seeds. The apparent equilibrium constant ranged from 5.3 at 0.25 mM-MgCl2, pH 7.0, to 62 at 10 mM-MgCl2, pH 7.5. The sucrose phosphate content of the seeds, 23 nmol/g fresh wt., was determined by separating sucrose phosphate from sucrose by ion-exchange chromatography and then measuring the sucrose released by alkaline phosphatase. Comparison of equilibrium constants and mass-action ratios in the cotyledons of 38 h-germinated seeds showed that the reactions catalysed by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase are close to equilibrium, and those catalysed by sucrose-phosphate synthase and sucrose phosphatase are considerably displaced from equilibrium in vivo.
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PMID:Apparent equilibrium constant and mass-action ratio for sucrose-phosphate synthase in seeds of Pisum sativum. 214 Feb 58

The genetic structure of two Chukot Evens subpopulations (314 individuals) for electrophoretic protein systems and taste sensitivity to PTC was studied. 17 of the 39 loci were polymorphic (43.59%). The following systems were completely monomorphic: diaphorase NAD H (Dia); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD); glutamatoxalate transaminase (GOT); carbonic anhydrase (Ca-1); catalase (Ct), lactate dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B); leucine aminopeptidase (Lap); malate dehydrogenase (MDH); purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP); superoxide phosphorylase (PNP); superoxide dismutase (SOD); phosphoglucomutase-2 (PGM2); cholinesterase (locus E1); red cell esterase (4 loci); albumin (Alb); hemoglobin (Hb A and B); ceruloplasmin (Cp); and blood, gren, using the standard method. The following systems were polymorphic: red cell acid phosphatase (AcP); phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1); 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD); glutamatepyruvate transaminase (GPT); glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1); esterase (EsD); adenilatkinase (AK); alkaline phosphatase (Pp); cholinesterase (locus E2); haptoglobin (Hp); transferrin (Tf); group-specific component (Gc) and ABO, MN, Lewis, P blood groups and taste sensitivity to PTC. The following allele frequencies for polymorphic loci have been detected: AKI = 0.994; GLO = 1I = 0.082; GPT1 = 0.653; AcPA = 0.400; AcPB = 0.599; AcPC = 0.001; PGDA = 0.944; PGM1(1) = 0.906; EsD1 = 0.897; E2+ = 0.048; HpI = 0.394; GcI = 0,919; Tfc = 0.987; r(O) = 0.669; p(A) = 0.184; q(B) = 0.146; M = 0.711; Le = 0.411; P1+ = 0.521; t = 0.295. The genetic structure of Chukot Evens population is significantly nearer to that of the other ethnic groups of the North-East, in comparison with the genetic structure of Evenks of the Middle Siberia.
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PMID:[Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern USSR. V. The Chukot Evens]. 293 99

Isoenzyme patterns of adult Malaysian Schistosoma, S. mekongi and S. japonicum strains were analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gel. Enzyme patterns obtained from Malaysian Schistosoma homogenates differed from those of S. mekongi and S. japonicum strains. Malaysian Schistosoma was found to differ from S. japonicum by 8 enzymes, namely phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglucoisomerase, malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, hydroxy-butyrate dehydrogenase, hexokinase and alkaline phosphatase, and from S. mekongi by phosphoglucomutase, malate dehydrogenase, aldolase and alkaline phosphatase. These results and the distinct biology of the parasite suggest that Malaysian Schistosoma is a new species in the S. japonicum complex.
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PMID:Isoenzyme analyses of Malaysian Schistosoma, S. mekongi and S. japonicum by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. 294 Jun 88


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