Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of 1.8 mg/liter (LC50) of mercuric chloride exposure on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, amylase, pepsin, trypsin, tripeptidase glycyl-glycine dipeptidase and carnosinase has been examined in Channa punctatus. The three phosphatases have been inhibited in the liver but showed an increase in activity in the intestine and pyloric caeca. Amylase, pepsin and trypsin have also shown a slight increase in activity. There has been no significant alteration in the activites of the peptidases. The results show that mercury inhibits the activites of phosphatases in the liver but has no significant effect on the digestive enzymes within the experimental period of 96 hours.
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PMID:Effect of mercuric chloride on the digestive system of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus. 21 48

For the purpose of detecting the synthesis of zinc metalloenzymes after zinc supplementation in an experiment using rats the animals were first depleted for 15 days and subsequently injected a labelled zinc salt solution (65Zn-ZnCl2) in a dosis of 0.4 mg (in terms of Zn) and with an activity of 3.0 muCi/100microliter. After a 5-day depletion period, the activity of the metallo-enzymes alkaline phosphatase in plasma and in the femur and carboxy-peptidase A and B in the pancreatic gland was found to rise at the same rate as the 65Zn-measuring rate in plasma, femur and pancreatic gland. By calculating correlations this interdependence was demonstrated. Thus the highly significant correlation coefficients prove for these metalloenzymes that a synthesis with the injected zinc salt has taken place whilst for carbo-anhydrase in blood this evidence was not furnished. As the zinc dosis is not exclusively used for the enzyme synthesis, but additional 65Zn is incorporated into the individual organs, it does not appear to be possible to draw conclusions from the 65 Zn-measuring rate in the individual organs on the intermediary availability.
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PMID:[Demonstration of zinc-metalloenzyme syntheses after zinc supplements for deficient animals by means of measurement of the incorporation of 65Zn in various organs]. 41 27

In the livers of pregnant rats an anabolic effect was found for zinc which, however, developed analogously to the enlargement of the organ. Femur and muscle did not reveal any super-retention of zinc during pregnancy. In the whole organism, a 10% increased zinc storage was found being attributable to stronger accumulation in the reproductive organs (3%) and in the liver (1%) and in other organs (6%) that were not under study. Higher Zn supply did not allow to increase this additional zinc storage during pregnancy. After lactation, the anabolic effect in the livers had declined, the Zn values of the lactating rats remaining, on the whole, at the same level as those of the pregnant animals. The Zn-serum concentrations as well as the alkaline phosphatase and carboxy peptidase A activities of the pancreatic gland were reduced during pregnancy, whilst the alkaline phosphatase activity in the femur increased. This finding is discussed in relation to Zn-supply and Zn-mobilisation.
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PMID:[Zinc anabolism during pregnancy]. 67 11

1. The hydrolysis of glycyl-L-leucine, glycyl-L-tyrosine, tributyrin, sucrose, maltose, soluble starch and alpha- and beta-glycerophosphates by everted segments of rat intestine was estimated separately or in combination. 2. A comparative study showed significant interaction between different substrates which affected their digestion. 3. Two types of interaction were identified: products of hydrolysis (1) affected the hydrolysis of homologous substances, e.g. methionine and alanine inhibited glycyl-L-leucine hydrolysis, maltose reduced glucoamylase (alpha-1,4-glucan glucohydrolase; EC 3-2-1-3) activity (intracatenary interactions); (2) interfered with the hydrolysis of a different group of substances, e.g. tributyrin inhibited dipeptidase (glycyl-L-leucine hydrolase; EC 3-4-3-2) and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3-1-3-1), glycyl-L-leucine interfered with the activity of the latter enzyme (intercatenary interactions). 4. Mechanisms of interactions were suggested by the results of a comparison of the extent of inhibition or activation of two enzymes (glycyl-L-leucine hydrolase and alkaline phosphatase) in situ in everted intestinal segments or after solubilization with papain or Triton X-100, and different treatments known to affect allosteric sites of these enzymes. 5. Tributyrin and dipeptides were found to act on alkaline phosphatase as allosteric regulators. A discontinuity of the Arrhenius plot suggested the existence of different enzyme conformations which were re-arranged by tributyrin. 6. Substrate interactions in digestion were found in adult rat, cat, rabbit and hen. Substantial differences were found between classes (Aves and Mammalia), orders (rodents, lagomorphs and carnivores) and between age-groups within an animal strain (in this instance, for the rat). 7. These interactions are thought to be involved in the co-ordination of digestion with intestinal absorption and to regulate the time and site of subsequent hydrolysis.
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PMID:Substrate interactions on the intestinal mucosa: a concept for the regulation of intestinal digestion. 117 95

After twenty weeks of continuous dosing with Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae substantial, but declining, numbers of worms had persisted in most of the lambs examined, although there were wide inter-individual variations. Mucosal lesions were found in the proximal small intestines of all the infected animals, their severity being directly related to worm burden. Representative brush border enzyme activities analysed in intestinal mucosal extracts from the same lambs showed differing responses. Alkaline phosphatase and glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase were significantly depleted, whereas maltase activity was only marginally reduced, and leucine aminopeptidase activity was normal. Mucosal acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly elevated in the parasitised animals and, interestingly in view of the postulated role of this enzyme in nematode pathogenicity, the level of activity was directly correlated with individual worm burdens. Intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were unaffected and the level of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme associated with the inflammatory response, was normal. There were also no consistent changes in the mucosal activities of several enzymes including lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, aldolase, and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, whose leakage from damaged or necrotic tissues has been well defined in terms of the concomitant increase in their activity in the circulation. Lambs treated orally with fenbendazole five and/or ten weeks before slaughter either in the presence or absence of continued larval intake, had negligible worm burdens, and showed little evidence of intestinal damage at post mortem. Brush border enzyme levels, with the exception of alkaline phosphatase and, in two cases dipeptidase, were normal in these animals. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was approximately double that in the continuously infected, untreated lambs, but remained markedly lower than in the uninfected controls. The activities of the other enzymes studied, including acetylcholinesterase, were within the control range. In summary, in chronic trichostrongylosis even relatively low nematode burdens were associated with marked pathological and biochemical damage in the intestine with both lesion severity and mucosal acetylcholinesterase activity being directly related to worm numbers. Although morphological integrity was completely restored after anthelmintic treatment, the persistent low activity of brush border alkaline phosphatase coupled with the enzymological findings in untreated, infected animals suggests that recovery of the full functional capability of the intestinal mucosa may take longer.
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PMID:Intestinal enzyme activity in lambs chronically infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis: effect of anthelmintic treatment. 634 11

The pathology and enzymology of the intestinal mucosae of lambs dosed daily with 2500 Trichostrongylus vitrinus larvae and killed at five, nine or 14 weeks were compared with worm-free animals. The proximal small intestines of the infected lambs exhibited extensive mucosal damage at five and nine weeks, but only isolated lesions were found at 14 weeks. Activities of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase, leucine amino-peptidase, maltase and glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase were all significantly depleted during infection, although the magnitude, time of onset and duration of the individual enzyme responses varied. Mucosal activities of the pancreatic enzymes, trypsin and to a lesser extent chymotrypsin were also markedly decreased particularly during the first nine weeks of infection. Specific acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly increased throughout the study, maximal levels being observed at five weeks. In contrast 'pseudo'-cholinesterase levels were consistently within the control range. During the early stages of infection (five weeks) glutamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity was significantly decreased, while aldolase and creatine phosphokinase levels were significantly elevated. At nine weeks low glutamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activities were again detected and lactate dehydrogenase activity was also markedly reduced. At 14 weeks the mean activities of all four enzymes were within the normal range as were superoxide dismutase levels throughout. Significant correlations were found between alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, aldolase and glutamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activities and the degree of mucosal damage within the individual lambs.
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PMID:Changes in the intestinal enzyme activity of lambs during chronic infection with Trichostrongylus vitrinus. 710 Jun 47

Studies have been made on the formation of the spectrum of digestive enzymes in the small intestine of weanling rats which were taken from lactating female and given semisynthetic food at the age of 17, 21 and 25 days. It was shown that the rate of general development and maturation of the digestive enzymes depends on the age of animals and the mode of their breeding (isolated or in a group of the same age). These factors significantly affect also the level of the activity and proximo-distal gradient of distribution of the following intestinal enzymes: lactase, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminopeptidase, glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase, as well as the mass of the mucose and protein content of the small intestine.
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PMID:[The effect of the isolated or group housing of rat pups weaned at different times from the lactating female on the development of a spectrum of digestive enzymes in the small intestine]. 786 45

A study was undertaken to assess the impact of the protein nature and soya antigenicity on the morphology and some enzyme activities of the jejunum in preruminant calves. Twenty Holstein calves fitted with a duodenal cannula were fed a liquid diet based on skimmed milk powder (SMP) for 2 weeks. They were then switched onto diets containing a mixture of SMP and either antigenic heated soybean flour (HSF; n = 12) or hypo-antigenic soya protein concentrate (SPC; n = 8) for 8 weeks, after which they were reverted back to the SMP diet for 2 weeks. The diets contained similar amounts of digestible nitrogen and energy, and were fed at a rate of 55 g DM/kg(0.75)/d. Proximal jejunal biopsies were collected just before (week 0), during (weeks 2 and 8) and after (week 10) feeding of the soya-based diets, and were used for morphology measurements and the determination of total alkaline phosphatase, lactase, amino-peptidases A and N, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities. Feed intake and growth were similar between the HSF and SPC groups during the experimental period. The effects of antigenicity and the antigenicity x time interaction were never significant (P > 0.05). Villus height decreased (P < 0.01) between weeks 0 and 2, and increased (P < 0.05) between weeks 8 and 10. Villus width increased between weeks 2 and 8 (P < 0.001). Crypt depth also increased between weeks 0 and 2 (P < 0.001). Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.01) and amino-peptidase N (P < 0.05) decreased between weeks 0 and 2. Conversely, those of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.0001), lactase (P < 0.01) and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (P < 0.0001) increased between weeks 8 and 10. Specific activities for lactase and amino-peptidase N decreased (P < 0.01) between weeks 2 and 8. The treatments had little effects on the amino-peptidase A activity. In conclusion, the present work demonstrated that soybean protein markedly depressed the morphology and most enzyme activities of the calf small intestine. On the contrary, the in vitro antigenicity of soybean protein had little influence on these parameters in this study.
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PMID:Morphology and enzyme activities of the small intestine are modulated by dietary protein source in the preruminant calf. 1049 51

Per os administration of Vilon (Lys-Glu) or Epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) to aged Wistar rats for 1 month significantly increased activity of membrane enzymes maltase and alkaline phosphatase in epithelial layer of the small intestine. In addition, Vilon significantly increased activity of cytosolic glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase in the stromal and seromuscular layers of the small intestine in comparison with the control rats not treated with this agent. These findings suggest improvement of trophic and barrier functions of the small intestine and corroborate the hypothesis on the existence of not only epithelial, but also subepithelial enzymatic barrier supporting the enzyme system in the small intestine, especially in aged animals.
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PMID:Effect of vilon and epithalon on activity of enzymes in epithelial and subepithelial layers in small intestine of old rats. 1266 Aug 39

Low protein content in the ration of rat pups during transfer from mixed to definitive nutrition (days 21-30 of life) has a negative impact on digestive function of the small intestine and trophic and barrier functions of the large intestine, liver, and kidneys and increases (sucrase, glycyl-L-leucin dipeptidase) or decreases (alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase M, glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase) enzyme activities in these organs in 6-month-old rats. Protein deficiency during the early ontogeny modulates functioning of the enzyme systems in digestive and non-digestive organs in adult life, which can lead to the development of not only gastrointestinal, but other visceral diseases.
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PMID:Relationship between protein deficiency in the ration of rats during early ontogeny and function of enzyme systems of digestive and non-digestive organs in adult life. 1551 9


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