Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Changes in maternal plasma proteins during pregnancy are now well documented. These changes may be quantitative, as seen in the electrophoretically separated fractions of serum and in the various binding globulins; or they may be represented by the appearance of a protein which is present only in the serum of pregnant women. These include the placental isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, oxytocinase, human chorionic gonadotropin and the "pregnancy-associated plasma proteins." Other constituents, such as alpha-fetoprotein, salivary amylase, prolactin and the proteins of the "pregnancy zone," which are present in small quantities in non-pregnant women as well as in men, show a substantial increase in concentration in the maternal circulation during pregnancy. An important factor in the etiology of protein changes is the effect of hormones, especially estrogen, on the synthesis and degradation of these proteins. While certain quantitative changes such as those seen in hormone binding proteins may interfere with diagnostic procedures, a number of pregnancy-associated changes in protein composition of the maternal circulation may be used to follow the course of pregnancy by monitoring placental function as well as fetal maturity and well being.
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PMID:Changes in plasma proteins during pregnancy. 7 57

The purification of the pregnancy zone protein by means of immunoadsorbents is described. The pregnancy zone protein antibody was isolated from an absorbed rabbit antiserum and coupled with CNBr-activated sepharose. The pregnancy zone protein was isolated from pregnancy serum by the specific antibody cross-linked with sepharose. Contaminating serum proteins were eliminated by "inverse" immunoadsorption using antibodies against these proteins coupled with sepharose. An immunoelectrophoretically pure pregnancy zone protein was obtained. By means of a combination of immunoprecipitation and enzyme reaction in agar gel could be excluded that the pregnancy zone protein possesses activities of the following 11 enzymes: ceruloplasmin, leucine amino peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, carboxylic esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, acetyl cholinesterase and oxytocinase.
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PMID:[Isolation of "pregnancy-zone" proteins using immuno absorbents and study of possible enzyme activities]. 17 12

On the basis of the results of serial enzyme and cytohormonal assays in the last lunar month of gestation in 232 pergnant patients with high-risk pregnancy, it has been shown that the "at term" and inflammatory smears, which persist for over five days before labor, and post-partum" smears, significantly correlate with abnormal (low or decreasing) results of serum placental cystine aminopeptidase activity and with the pathologic course of pregnancy and labor as well as with the poor neonates' condition. The average serum placental and tissue cystine aminopeptidase determinations were the lowest in women with "post-partum" smears or persisting "at term" smears. These activities reached their highest they temporarily decreased. The oxytocinase activity curves in women with cytolytic smears were similar to those in patients with the "before term" smear patterns, which persisted before delivery. The average oxytocinase activity in women with the inflammatory smears was at first the highest and later it decreased most rapidly of all the groups under consideration. The maternal serum alkaline phosphatase and its heat-stable fraction in pregnant patients with "post-partum" and persisting "at term" smears were at first the lowest and just before labor the highest of all the cytologic pregnancy patterns. Colpocytograms confirmed their high prognostic value when compared with the enzyme tests of placental function.
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PMID:Colpocytograms and maternal serum placental cystine aminopeptidase, tissue cystine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and heat stable alkaline phosphatase activity in monitoring the last four weeks before delivery in high-risk pregnancy. 26 33

Maternal blood levels of cystine aminopeptidase (CAP), human placental lactogen (HPL) and beta 1 glycoprotein (SP-1) were predicted and evaluated using the expressions and their charts developed by us to help diagnosis of placental function in women of the third trimester of pregnancy. This study was conducted on the assumption that these placenta-originating substances as markers would behave similarly to the previously reported heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP). The results realized the following features: (1) CAP, HPL and SP-1, like HSAP, had their normal ranges of values too wide to be based on for diagnosing placental function in general, but it was confirmed that on the individual basis these marker substances could develop adequate "prediction curves" for their values to come well answering to the test in the same way as with HSAP. (2) The expressions for predicted values revealed that these marker substances in their shift in the maternal blood had different critical points start of deviation from exponential rising. Particularly in abnormal pregnancy, their shifting patterns were often dissimilar to one another, with implications that impaired placental function could possibly be confirmed qualitatively by reference to the predicted curve for the values of either of the marker substances.
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PMID:Use of curves for prediction of maternal blood levels of placenta-specific substances for diagnosis of placental function. 31 14

Serum enzyme determinations are now well-established diagnostic tools in so-called "placental insufficiency". A good predictability of oxytocinases (P-CAP-placental oxytocinase and T-CAP-tissue oxytocinase) and a doubtful one of those of phosphatases (AP-alkaline phosphatase, HSAP-heat stable alkaline phosphatase) has been shown in high-risk pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of the above cited enzymes in the so-called "pregnancy at neuroendocrinological risk", i.e. pregnancy in women with a prepregnancy history of hormonal disorders. It was shown that the outcome and results of such pregnancies are poorer that those of normal pregnancies. The series studied comprised 364 pregnant patients with pregnancy at neuroendocrinological risk that were being monitored by means of serum assays of the four enzymes. An attempt was made to assess each of these enzyme activities both in single (at least one value below 2.5 percentile calculated for healthy subjects) and serial determinations (two consecutive results decreasing or remaining at the same level). Normal and abnormal enzyme results were compared with normal and abnormal conditions of the newborn. The results presented showed that P-CAP (Tab. I) and T-CAP (Tab. II) levels were useful in prenatal diagnosis of fetal impairment in heneral, in addition to perinatal mortality and low values of the APGAR score. Neither the single nor serial assays of AT (Tab. III) and HSAP (Tab. IV) were valuable in predicting birth of an impaired neonate. Sensitivity of the test, i.e. percentage of women with abnormal enzyme assays among those patients who gave birth to impaired neonates, and specificity of the test, i.e. the percentage of women delivered of impaired neonates among all women with abnormal enzyme assays, of the four enzymes were compared. Sensitvity and specificity of P-CAP and T-CAP were higher than those for AP and HSAP. Moreover, sensitivity for all four enzymes was higher in serial assays, and specificity was higher in single assays. The results of the present analysis demonstrated the prognostic value of oxytocinase assays also in the pregnancy at neuroendocrinological risk. Assays of P-CAP and T-CAP were of equal significance, notwithstanding reports of a greater usefulness of P-CAP. Assays of CAP were helpful particularly in the conditions on which neuroendocrinological gestosis exerts a direct influence, i.e. in low Apgar score and perinatal mortality. On the other hand, serum alkaline phosphatases proved useless in endocrine pathology of pregnancy and HSAP was not superior to AP. About one half of future mothers of impaired neonates had enzyme results outside the range of the assays under consideration. This could be explained by the fact that these enzymes activities reflect placental function and are not directly related to fetal metabolism. Because of that they should be supplemented by other diagnostic methods being used in a clinic of high-risk pregnancy.
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PMID:Comparative prognostic value of serum placental and tissue oxytocinase, alkaline phosphatase and its heat-stable fraction in pregnancy at neuroendocrinological risk. 101 Oct 62

The aim of the present study was to examine metabolic processes in pregnant women with high risk of perinatal pathology during disturbance in the uterine-placental blood flow (UPF). We determined the following parameters for evaluation of the metabolic disturbances: alanine aminotransferase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, thermostable alkaline phosphatase, oxytocinase and lipid peroxidation. The analysis of the obtained data showed that reduction in UPF, limited only in the region of the large uterine-placental blood vessels, was accompanied by a reduction in the activity of HBDH, LDG, CPC, but moderate increase in the whole uterine-placental blood bed was accompanied by the intravillous space, was accompanied by a moderate increase in HBDH, ADG, CPC and AP in comparison with pregnant women without disturbance in UPF, which however occurred in smaller activity of these enzymes both in disturbance in blood flow of intervillous space and in the region of the large uterine-placental blood vessels. These changes as a whole characterized borderline state of energetic metabolism in the organism of the pregnant woman, which in the final analysis assured comparatively favourable outcome of the pregnancy for the fetus.
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PMID:[Interrelation between the enzyme activity indices and the status of the uterine-placental blood flow in pregnant women at high risk for perinatal pathology]. 280 91

To detect antigens in the plasma of pregnant women that were not found in nonpregnant untreated normal women or males, highly sensitive immunodiffusion techniques with hyperimmune rabbit antiserum were used. The number of pregnancy-associated plasma constituents increased as pregnancy progressed in the 165 patients studied, with all 4 constituents usually seen in the third trimester. The 60 males and 111 nonpregnant women studied did not show any of these antigens. There were significant differences between second and third trimester reactions. (p less than .001). None of the antigens represented human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, oxytocin, C-reactive protein, oxytocinase, alkaline phosphatase, or esterase. One of these constituents is present during combined estrogen-progesterone therapy.
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PMID:Antigenic constituents in pregnancy plasma which are undetectable in normal non-pregnant female or male plasma. 462 19

Foeto-placental function and hormone levels in the maternal, foetal and amniotic compartments have been investigated in an acromegalic woman who was treated with 20 mg bromocriptine/day throughout gestation. Bromocriptine therapy during pregnancy had no effect on urinary oestriol excretion and plasma levels of unconjugated oestriol, progesterone, human placental lactogen, cystine aminopeptidase and heat-stable alkaline phosphatase. The maternal and foetal (cord )blood and amniotic fluid showed prolactin levels of 3.8, 6.5 and 1700 ng/ml, respectively, in the 39th week of pregnancy during bromocriptine therapy. Compared with data from normal pregnancies, these values demonstrated that bromocriptine or an active metabolite crossed the term placenta to suppress prolactin secretion from the foetal pituitary gland and that the prolactin level in amniotic fluid was scarcely affected by the drug. Maternal, foetal and amniotic fluid growth hormone levels were 27.0, 33.0 and 3.8 ng/ml, respectively, thus indicating that dopamine agonists suppress growth hormone only in acromegalic patients, and not in normal babies. Bromocriptine had no effect on thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations in maternal, foetal and amniotic compartments.
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PMID:Successful pregnancy in an acromegalic patient during 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) therapy. 714 32

The activities of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase were determined in 511 patients with normal and pathological pregnancy. Mean values were compared and the enzyme followed up, and the conclusion was drawn that leucocyte alkaline phosphatase was no safe indicator of foetal condition. No direct relationship were found to exist between leucocyte alkaline phosphatase, total oestrogens, HSAP, HLAP, HPL, and oxytocinase.
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PMID:[Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase in normal and pathological pregnancy (author's transl)]. 729 47

1. Among the simple manual methods for recording intrauterine retardation repeated measurements of the symphysis-fundus distance according to Westin are most valuable. -- 2. Among the hormone-determining methods the estimation of urinary estrogens or unconjugated estriol in serum is generally accepted. -- 2. Estimations of enzymes are of no value (diamine oxidase, alkaline leukocyte phosphatase, heat stable alkaline phosphatase) or have only little significance (cystine aminopeptidase). -- 4. Biochemical methods are being replaced to an increasing extent by biophysical ones both for recording fetal retardation by ultrasonics and fetal well-being by CTG, non-stress test, oxytocin-challenge test and, recently, by registration of fetal breathing and rump movements. -- 5. As a provisional method for evaluation of fetal behaviour the counting of fetal movements by the pregnant women herself can be recommended.
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PMID:[Contribution towards diagnostics of intrauterine fetal retardation (author's transl)]. 746 67


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