Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen various serum and urine parameters were evaluated as indicators of renal alterations induced by lead in 82 male workers of a battery plant chronically exposed to lead (median of blood lead concentration: 2.03 mumol/l). The control group comprised 44 non-exposed healthy volunteers (0.34 mumol/l). High-molecular-mass proteins (transferrin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), (albumin)) were determined in urine as markers of glomerular integrity; low-molecular-weight proteins and parenchymal enzymes (alpha 1-microglobulin, beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, lysozyme, ribonuclease, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)) as indicators of changes in the proximal tubule; Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and kallikrein as markers of the distal tubule. There was a positive correlation between tubular indicators and blood lead concentration as well as the erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EPP). About 30% of the lead-exposed workers showed an increased excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin, NAG, ribonuclease, and/or Tamm-Horsfall protein, whereas the glomerular indicators remained unchanged. The combined determination of NAG and alpha 1-microglobulin in urine could be helpful in the early detection of lead-induced changes in the nephron.
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PMID:Changed excretion of urinary proteins and enzymes by chronic exposure to lead. 752 73

In a double blind clinical study, 50 patients with healthy kidneys were tested for the discharge of renal marker proteins before and after receiving a high or low osmoloar contrast medium (Meglium-Ioglicinat, Imeprol) using i.v. urography. The renal excretion of the tubular indicator enzymes alanine aminopeptidase, beta-Glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase increased in all patients after administration of the contrast media. The enzymuria was significantly lower with the non-ionic contrast medium with the ionic one, thus demonstrating that the non-ionic contrast medium has a lower nephrotoxic potential than the conventional ionic contrast medium. Three independent investigators evaluated the radiograms with regard to the contrast quality using prearranged criteria in a 5 point system. The diversity of the evaluations clearly favoured the non-ionic contrast medium.
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PMID:[Increase of kidney enzymes in urine after administration of contrast media: comparison of the nephrotoxicity of ionic and nonionic substances]. 760 11

Aminoglycosides, among the most commonly used antibiotics in neonates, have frequently been implicated in nephrotoxic reaction. Studies in adults have indicated that phospholipiduria (PLU) is rapidly increased during aminoglycoside therapy, in relation to the renal phospholipidosis these drugs are known to induce in renal cortex. We studied the effect of amikacin (AK) on PLU in male prematurely-born neonates (gestational age > 34 weeks; postnatal age < or = 2 days) by assessing the urinary excretion of 4 enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase [NAG], alkaline phosphatase, tau-glutamyltransferase and alanine aminopeptidase) and 4 low-molecular-weight proteins (beta-2-microglobulin, clara cell protein, microalbumin and retinol-binding protein) which are currently used to monitor the development and extent of renal tubular damage. Twenty-two patients and 8 healthy (as control) neonates were enrolled in the study. Patients were treated with AK (15 mg/kg per day) given in one (qd, n = 10) or two equal injections (b.i.d., n = 12) for durations of 7-11 days. PLU and proteinuria were determined in 24-h urine sample collections, and enzymes were assessed in spot urine collected at 9 a.m. We found that in neonates, AK causes a significant increase in PLU, and in enzymuria except for NAG in the qd group. Proteinuria showed no significant change due to AK treatment. No significant differences were observed between qd and b.i.d. administrations of AK for all parameters tested. We conclude that PLU could be used in neonates as well as in adults as a non-invasive method to monitor the development of the renal phospholipidosis during aminoglycoside therapy.
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PMID:Urinary phospholipids excretion in neonates treated with amikacin. 767 71

Neonates, especially preterms, are known to have low glomerular filtration rates (GFR). This may result in elevated trough concentrations during multiple administration of aminoglycosides (AGs), potentially leading to nephro- and ototoxic reactions. The once-daily administration (q.d.) of AGs has been shown to be equally or better tolerated in adults and children than the conventional schedules (twice daily, b.i.d.; thrice daily, t.i.d.), while offering potential pharmacodynamic and nursing advantages. No data, however, are available for neonates. As a consequence, this pilot study was conducted in order to assess the tolerance of the once-a-day administration of amikacin in comparison with the twice daily dose regimen, in relation to the pharmacokinetics of the drug under these two schedules. 22 Male neonates (gestational age > or = 34 weeks; postnatal age < or = 2 days) were randomized to receive amikacin (AK) (15 mg/kg/day) q.d. (n = 10) or b.i.d. (n = 12) together with ampicillin (50 mg/kg/12 h). AK plasma levels were measured at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 of treatment just before the next dose (trough level) and 1 h after completion of infusion (peak level) and after 3 and 6 h only at day 1. Due to the small size of the samples, no difference in efficacy could be assessed and was not the aim per se. Glomerular dysfunction was assessed by creatinine clearance, and tubular injuries by the urinary excretion of proteins (retinol binding protein, beta 2-microglobulin, clara cell protein (P1) and microalbumin), enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminopeptidase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase), and total phospholipids (TPL) in urine. Ototoxicity was assessed by brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) at days 0, 3 and 9 of therapy. Eight healthy neonates served as controls. All patients showed a normal and similar increase of GFR during the first postnatal days. Proteinuria did not increase, but enzymuria and TPL increased significantly during the treatment in both AK groups without significant difference between groups. BAEPs at day 9 were not significantly different between treated and untreated patients. We conclude from this pilot study that, in the absence of more toxicity, the q.d. administration of AK in neonates of > or = 34 weeks of gestational age may be recommended over its bid schedule in view of its potential advantages.
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PMID:Once-a-day administration of amikacin in neonates: assessment of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. 782 57

Studies have been made on the formation of the spectrum of digestive enzymes in the small intestine of weanling rats which were taken from lactating female and given semisynthetic food at the age of 17, 21 and 25 days. It was shown that the rate of general development and maturation of the digestive enzymes depends on the age of animals and the mode of their breeding (isolated or in a group of the same age). These factors significantly affect also the level of the activity and proximo-distal gradient of distribution of the following intestinal enzymes: lactase, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminopeptidase, glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase, as well as the mass of the mucose and protein content of the small intestine.
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PMID:[The effect of the isolated or group housing of rat pups weaned at different times from the lactating female on the development of a spectrum of digestive enzymes in the small intestine]. 786 45

Exoenzymes produced by common dermatophytes, in addition to their ability to cause cutaneous inflammation, are thought to contribute to fungal spread. To investigate the patterns of enzymes released by common dermatophytes as well as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, the fungi were grown in liquid media containing either hair, stratum corneum, neopeptone or lipids, or in RPMI medium. Enzymes recovered from the culture supernatants were compared using the Api-zyme test. As a result, the widest range of enzymes was seen in protein-containing media, with a maximum of 13 enzymes stimulated by growth on hair. Dermatophytes in all protein media produced high levels of alkaline phosphatase, esterases and leucine arylamidase. In these media the highest total enzymatic activity was released by Microsporum canis, whereas the lowest was released by Epidermophyton floccosum. Although RPMI broth stimulated luxuriant growth of all species, recovery was limited to a maximum of six enzymes. In lipid medium E. floccosum and M. canis failed to grow. When comparing the various nutrients, Scopulariopsis released fewer enzymes than the dermatophytes and only minor quantities of alkaline phosphatase. We conclude that alkaline phosphatase, esterases and leucine arylamidase may be important for the parasitic growth of dermatophytes. The total enzymatic activity of dermatophytes appears to be correlated with the intensity of cutaneous inflammation. Furthermore, enzyme measurements may be helpful for species identification.
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PMID:Enzyme patterns of dermatophytes. 793 85

Strains of Vagococcus fluvialis, a species of Gram-positive catalase-negative cocci, related to the genera Enterococcus and Carnobacterium, were isolated from various lesions of pigs, from lesions and tonsils of cattle and cats and from tonsils of a horse. Most lesion strains were isolated in mixed culture from animals with disease conditions unrelated to coccal infection. Certain differences with the species description of Vagococcus fluvialis were found: only a proportion of the strains was motile; many strains gave positive reactions to Voges-Proskauer, alkaline phosphatase and leucine arylamidase tests or produced acid from galactose and D-tagatose. SDS-PAGE of whole-cell protein patterns, however, confirmed the phenotypic identification. Guidelines for identification of Vagococcus fluvialis are given and an emended description of the species is proposed.
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PMID:Characterization and identification of Vagococcus fluvialis strains isolated from domestic animals. 798 64

To determine the diagnostic role of urinary trehalase in chronic glomerular disease, urinary trehalase activity and other urinary markers such as N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin (BMG) were measured in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure. Urinary trehalase activity was significantly increased in chronic glomerular disease, especially nephrotic syndrome, as compared with that in the healthy subjects. The highest incidence of elevated excretion was observed for trehalase with 52% in chronic glomerular disease, followed by NAG. Urinary trehalase activities in the patients were significantly correlated with the urinary levels of protein, NAG and AAP and total score of tubular damage, but not correlated with urinary levels of BMG or lysozyme. In patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, there was no significant difference in urinary trehalase activities between with and without hematuria. These results indicate that in some patients with chronic glomerular disease, there is tubular involvement as substantiated by elevation of the other urinary enzymes and BMG. Urinary trehalase is elevated more often in these types of disease than other markers of tubular damage.
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PMID:Urinary trehalase activity in chronic glomerulonephritis. 809 31

1. To evaluate tubular damage in diabetic patients, we measured the 24 h urinary excretion of five enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV, alanine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase) that originate in renal proximal tubular cells. 2. Studies were performed on 118 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, 59 non-diabetic patients with chronic renal disease and 47 normal control subjects. First, the correlation between renal function, glycaemic control and urinary enzyme excretion was investigated. Secondly, the subjects were treated by controlled diet therapy to assess the effects of better glycaemic control on urinary enzyme excretion. 3. Regardless of a diabetic or non-diabetic cause of renal dysfunction, all of the five enzymes showed abnormal urinary excretion in patients with renal insufficiency (serum creatinine concentration > 2.0 mg/dl). In diabetic patients, however, an increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase excretion and a decrease in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase excretion were noted even in those who had no signs of renal dysfunction, including microalbuminuria. Moreover, the excretion of these two enzymes had a higher degree of correlation with glycaemic control and renal function than did that of the other three enzymes. Multiple regression analysis revealed that excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase is best correlated with urinary protein (r2 = 0.35), whereas excretion of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is closely associated with glomerular filtration rate (r2 = 0.33). 4. In diabetic patients, diet therapy improved glycaemic control but had no effects on renal function, microalbumin excretion and beta 2-microglobulin excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Enzymuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients: signs of tubular cell dysfunction. 809 85

The excretion of the urinary enzymes alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and the 99mtechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid isotope clearance were studied in 35 patients treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*). Enzyme measurements were made before and consecutively on days 1, 2 and 5, and at 3 months after treatment. A control group investigated at the same intervals was included. Posttreatment enzyme values were not significantly different from those before treatment except for alkaline phosphatase on day 1 after ESWL. Some individuals had short-term increases of enzymuria that were greater than biological variations in the control group. The transient changes of enzymuria after ESWL had no predictive value for kidney function, since no decreased renal function was observed in individual patients with high enzyme excretions after ESWL.
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PMID:Excretion of urinary enzymes after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a critical reevaluation. 809 30


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