Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bungarus candidus venom exhibited high hyaluronidase, acetylcholinesterase and phospholipase A activities; low proteinase, 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities and moderately high L-amino acid oxidase activity. SP-Sephadex C-50 ion exchange chromatographic fractionation of the venom and Sephadex G-50 chromatography of the major lethal venom fractions indicate that the venom contains at least two highly lethal, basic phospholipases A with LD50 (i.v.) values of 0.02 micrograms/g (F6A) and 0.18 micrograms/g (F4A), respectively; as well as two polypeptide toxins with LD50 (i.v.) values of 0.17 micrograms/g and 0.83 micrograms/g, respectively. The major lethal toxin is the basic lethal phospholipase A, F6A, which accounts for approximately 13% of the venom protein and has a mol. wt of 21,000.
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PMID:The lethal and biochemical properties of Bungarus candidus (Malayan krait) venom and venom fractions. 279 37

1. The L-amino acid oxidase, hyaluronidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, protease, phosphodiesterase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A and 5'-nucleotidase activities of 47 samples of venoms from all the six species of cobra (Naja), including five subspecies of Naja naja, were examined. 2. The results demonstrated interspecific differences in the venom contents of phospholipase A, acetylcholinesterase, hyaluronidase and phosphodiesterase. These differences in venom enzyme contents can be used for the differentiation of species of the genus Naja. 3. Thus, our results revealed a correlation between the enzyme composition of venom and the taxonomic status of the snake at the species level for the genus Naja.
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PMID:A comparative study of cobra (Naja) venom enzymes. 285 66

A sensitive assay for hyaluronidase was developed using as a substrate, hyaluronic acid insolubilized on polystyrene microtest plates. Hyaluronic acid was measured exploiting the fact that it can bind immune complexes made up with hyaluronectin and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-hyaluronectin antibodies. Hyaluronidase was detected in both cell line culture media. Optimum pH was between 3.25 and 3.75. Sodium chloride dependence was absolute, and the optimum concentration of sodium chloride was between 0.2 and 0.3 M. The activity was not affected by dialysis, and was suppressed by a 5 minute heating at 50 degrees C or by protease treatment. The molecular weight was 68 K as determined by gel permeation chromatography. The results are close to those reported for human lysosomal hyaluronidase.
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PMID:[Characterization of lysosomal-type hyaluronidase in the culture medium of 2 cell lines derived from human hepatomas]. 301 17

Monoclonal antibodies prepared against alkaline phosphatase of matrix vesicles from fetal bovine growth plate cartilage were used to study the distribution of alkaline phosphatase in bovine bone and cartilage. Primary chondrocyte cultures from bovine growth plate cartilage were prepared and expression of this antigen was followed during 3 d long cultured period. Same monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase antibodies recognized both osteoblasts in metaphyseal bone as well as proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes in growth plate cartilage. Extracellular reaction was observed in lower areas of growth plate cartilage after hyaluronidase digestion of tissue sections. In isolated growth plate chondrocytes strong membrane associated reaction as well as weaker intracytoplasmic reaction were noticed and especially in large hypertrophic cells membrane reaction was clustered showing "capping-like" phenomenon. These results indicates the high similarity of alkaline phosphatase in bone and cartilage and its uneven distribution in chondrocyte plasma membrane.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of alkaline phosphatase in growth plate cartilage, bone, and fetal calf isolated chondrocytes using monoclonal antibodies. 312 49

The use of a hyaluronic acid-binding proteoglycan (hyaluronectin) as a probe for the detection of hyaluronic acid has facilitated the development of an indirect enzymo-immunological assay for hyaluronidase. Plastic microtest ELISA plates were coated with hyaluronic acid. Incubation with hyaluronidase led to the destruction of insolubilized hyaluronic acid in proportion to the hyaluronidase concentration of samples. Residual hyaluronic acid was assayed by its capacity to bind immune complexes made up of hyaluronectin supplemented with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-hyaluronectin antibodies. The technique was very sensitive and permitted the detection of as little as 10(-10) NFU of bovine testicular hyaluronidase. Hyaluronidase was detected by this technique in human sera, bee venom and culture medium of human hepatoma cell lines.
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PMID:An indirect enzymoimmunological assay for hyaluronidase. 331 96

The dynamics of the release of human placental lactogen (hPL) under basal conditions and response to various secretogogues has been studied in perifused enriched hPL-producing cells from term placentae prepared by the isopycnic centrifugation of collagenase/hyaluronidase-dispersed placental cells on Percoll gradients. Under basal conditions, the perifused cells released hPL at a relatively constant rate for up to 24 h in culture. The mean rates of hPL release from cells (5 x 10(6) cells) from 18 normal full-term placentae varied from 1.8 to 20.2 ng/5 min (mean 7.7 ng/5 min). The cells from term placentae, however, did not release detectable amounts of chorionic gonadotrophin or the cytosolic enzymes lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. The amounts of hPL released by the perifused cells were inversely related to cell density with mean rates of hPL release by 2, 5, and 10 x 10(6) cells of 15.8, 8.6, and 5.7 ng/10(6) cells/0.5 h. The perifused cells responded to provocative stimuli (high-density lipoproteins (HDL), apolipoproteins AI, AII, and CI, partially purified hPL-releasing factor, phorbol esters, sn-1,2-diacylglycerol, and cAMP) in a manner qualitatively similar to enriched trophoblast cells and placental explants in static culture. Release of hPL in response to HDL, apoproteins AI, AII, and CI, and partially purified hPL-releasing factor was dose-dependent and occurred within 5 min of exposure. Basal and stimulated hPL release by perifused trophoblast cells that had been previously frozen at -70 degrees C for four weeks was identical to that of freshly dispersed cells from the same placenta. These experiments indicate that perifused trophoblast cells may be used as a model system to examine the dynamics of hPL release under basal conditions and in response to provocative stimuli.
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PMID:Characterization of placental lactogen release from perifused human trophoblast cells. 339 89

The enzymatic activities of four samples of Malayan cobra venom were investigated. There was significant variation in the contents of L-amino acid oxidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A, 5'-nucleotidase and hyaluronidase. The phosphodiesterase content was, however, constant. Storage of the lyophilized venom powder at 25 degrees C for 1 month did not affect the enzymatic activities. The venom enzymatic activities were generally also stable at 4 degrees C in 0.85% saline solution. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 39 days in 0.85% saline solution, the venom still retained considerable amounts of enzymatic activities. SP-Sephadex C-25 ion-exchange chromatography of the venom showed that the phospholipase A, L-amino acid oxidase, 5'-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase exist in multiple forms.
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PMID:Enzymatic activities of Malayan cobra (Naja naja sputatrix) venoms. 343 96

Venoms from 20 species of stinging Hymenoptera, including nine species of ants and nine species of social wasps, were quantitatively analyzed for the following enzymic activities: phospholipase A, hyaluronidase, lipase, esterase, protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase. Phospholipase and hyaluronidase were present in all the venoms, with activity levels generally higher among the wasps than the ants (P less than 0.05). Lipase was present in high activity in several social wasp venoms and one ant venom, in low levels in two other ant venoms and absent from four tested snake venoms. Two-carbon esterase activity was present in the venoms of five social wasps and one ant. Non-specific protease was present at very high activity levels in the venoms of an army ant species and was also present in the venoms of a social wasp and another ant. Acid phosphatase activity was present in eight of the nine ant venoms, but was essentially absent from all the social wasp venoms. Alkaline phosphatase activity was clearly detectable in the venoms of only two species of ants. Phosphodiesterase, an enzyme not previously detected in insect venoms, was present in the venoms of three closely related ant species. Venoms with generally high enzymic activities included those of Polistes infuscatus, Vespula (V.) squamosa and Pogonomyrmex badius; those with low activities included Dolichovespula maculata, Apoica pallens and Dasymutilla lepeletierii. The 20 venoms were ranked according to overall activity levels using the eight enzyme activities plus lethal, hemolytic and pain-inducing activities. They were also compared phylogenetically using these 11 activities.
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PMID:Comparative enzymology of venoms from stinging Hymenoptera. 354 39

Inspite of its non-inclusion in the prescribed list of food colors, orange II is extensively employed to color a variety of foodstuffs. Oral LD50 value of orange II in both male and female rats was calculated to be more than 10.56 g/kg body weight. In short-term studies, animals were exposed to diets containing 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.5 or 3.0% (w/w) of orange II, daily for 90 days. Hematological examination revealed a slight decrease in erythrocyte count and hemoglobin content, whereas leucocyte count, PCV, ESR, MCV, MCH and MCHC showed normal values. There was no change in the activities of LDH, GOT, GPT, alkaline/acid phosphatases and bioconstituents, lactic acid, cholesterol and protein in serum as well as in liver, indicating normal functioning of the liver. Histopathological examination of various body organs such as liver, heart, lung, kidney, testes, adrenal, stomach, large and small intestine presented normal appearance. Animals receiving 3.0% orange II showed marked splenomegaly and deposition of Perl's positive iron pigments. Testicular LDH, hyaluronidase and lactic acid did not reveal any deviation from controls, suggesting normal spermatogenic process. No changes in testicular cholesterol, fructose content of coagulating glands and dorso-lateral prostate, and activities of alkaline phosphatase in seminal vesicle and acid phosphatase in ventral prostate support normal androgenic status.
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PMID:Acute and short-term toxicity studies on orange II. 362 8

The purpose of the present investigation was to establish a biochemical characterization of oral spirochetes containing one endoflagellum from each cell-end. Nine spirochete strains were isolated from subgingival plaque with pocket depth greater than 6 mm. The following metabolic capabilities were examined: fermentation of 16 different carbohydrates, hydrolysis of urea, gelatin and esculin, and production of indol and H2S. Furthermore activities of the following categories of enzymes were examined: proteases, peptidases, lipases, glycosidases, phosphatases, and mucopolysaccharadases. The tests and analyses were routinely carried out with cultures in the early stationary phase of growth. Of the examined metabolic capabilities eleven of the 21 characters were identical for all strains. Only the fermentation of some of the carbohydrates varied between the strains. All strains were identical regarding the examined enzymes. The following enzyme activities were found: acid and alkaline phosphatase, C-4 (butyrate)-, and C-8 (caprylate)-lipases, peptidases, hyaluronidase, and chondroitinsulfatase. The findings are compared with earlier observations for the same spirochete morphotype and with small-sized spirochetes containing two endoflagella from each cell-end.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization of nine oral small-sized spirochete strains containing one endoflagellum from each cell-end. 367 86


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