Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The JTC-12 cell, an established cell line derived from a normal monkey kidney, was studied in an attempt to characterize the epithelial qualities. Phase contrast microscopy showed dome formation in confluent monolayers and electron microscopic examinations revealed the presence of numerous microvilli on the apical membranes and desmosome between cells. Sonicated cells showed activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and trehalase, marker enzymes of renal proximal epithelium. Alkaline phosphatase activity exhibited the characteristics of a renal type isozyme. Furthermore, confluent JTC-12 monolayers exhibited Na+-dependent transport of hexose, amino acid as well as inorganic phosphate. These findings indicate that JTC-12 cells in monolayer culture maintain ultrastructural, biochemical, and physiological properties of renal proximal epithelial cells. This cell line will be useful for further studies on cellular functions of renal proximal epithelium.
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PMID:Differentiated properties characteristic of renal proximal epithelium in a cell line derived from a normal monkey kidney (JTC-12). 286 48

The fetal and postnatal activity patterns of different hydrolytic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, trehalase, maltase, glucoamylase, lactase, and sucrase) have been examined in mouse renal homogenates. Alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities presented approximately similar changes. They increased from 18 days of gestation up to 30 days after birth. These activities showed marked increases during the 3rd and 4th postnatal weeks. A similar important rise was observed for trehalase activity at the end of the suckling period. Maltase activity increased gradually after birth. Traces of lactase, sucrase, and glucoamylase activities were detected at each developmental stage.
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PMID:[Activity of renal hydrolases in pre- and postnatal development of mice]. 286 26

The effects of glucocorticoids on the maturation of the fetal small intestinal mucosa have been studied using duodenal explants resected at 17 days of gestation and cultured in a serum-free medium in the presence or absence of dexamethasone (30-300 ng/ml). Dexamethasone (a) increases specifically alkaline phosphatase, maltase, trehalase and sucrase activities and (b) allows an accumulation of goblet cells along the villi at a faster rate than that occurring in utero. These results indicate that glucocorticoids influence directly the differentiation of absorptive cells and goblet cells in the small intestine during the fetal period.
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PMID:Influences of dexamethasone on the maturation of fetal mouse intestinal mucosa in organ culture. 286 17

The effects of hydrocortisone and insulin on the intestinal brush border membrane enzymatic activities in an anuran amphibian, Alytes obstetricans, were investigated at the end of spontaneous metamorphosis and 2 weeks after its completion. At the end of metamorphosis, the brush border is differentiating in the apical region of a developing neoformed epithelium. Two weeks after the completion of metamorphosis, this epithelium is entirely formed. The animals received one hormone injection per day for 2 or 3 days running (hydrocortisone: 1, 5, or 25 micrograms/g body wt/day; insulin: 0.5, 1, or 5 mU/g body wt/day). The hydrolases studied were three glucosidases (maltase, glucoamylase, trehalase), gamma-glutamyl-transferase and alkaline phosphatase. In animals reaching the end of metamorphosis, hormonal treatments rarely modify the three glucosidase activities. Two weeks after metamorphosis, a 5 microgram/g body wt/day hydrocortisone injection usually results in a significant increase of the three glucosidase activities. Conversely, a 0.5 mU/g body wt/day insulin injection induced a marked decrease in these activities. At the end of metamorphosis, hydrocortisone has variable effects on gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity; insulin, however, does not significantly modify this activity. Two weeks later, insulin and sometimes hydrocortisone inhibit gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity. Whatever the developmental stage is, hydrocortisone is able to stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity. At the end of metamorphosis, insulin has no influence on this activity, but 2 weeks after metamorphosis, low doses of the hormone (0.5 mU/g body wt/day) significantly reduce it. These results emphasize the possibility that after spontaneous metamorphosis the enzymatic activities of the new intestinal brush border are hormone controlled. This control could be related to the development of the interrenal and pancreatic islet functions.
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PMID:Hormonal control of the intestinal brush border enzyme activities in developing anuran amphibians. I. Effects of hydrocortisone and insulin during and after spontaneous metamorphosis. 286 4

Microvillar enzymes (disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase) were assayed in amniotic fluid from pregnancies with normal and abnormal fetuses to determine their specificity and reliability for the prenatal detection of intestinal obstructions and cystic fibrosis. All fetuses with imperforate anus, duodenal atresia, jejuno-ileal atresia, multiple intestinal atresia, or other forms of intestinal obstructions, with or without associated ventral wall defect or aneuploidy syndrome, showed diminished microvillar enzyme activities below the normal range of control amniotic fluid samples. The exclusively intestinal hydrolases maltase, sucrase, palatinase, and alkaline phosphatase were the most reliable and sensitive markers to detect intestinal obstructions whereas more widely distributed trehalase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities were less sensitive. The combination of intestinal disaccharidase maltase, sucrase or palatinase and ALP assays is more accurate for prenatal diagnosis of CF than a combination of intestinal ALP and GGTF assays.
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PMID:Prenatal detection of intestinal obstructions, aneuploidy syndromes, and cystic fibrosis by microvillar enzyme assays (disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamyltransferase) in amniotic fluid. 288 May 7

The postnatal development of brush border enzyme activities, namely maltase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and leucylnaphthylamidase, as well as the ontogenic profile of DNA synthesis has been determined in the mouse kidney. In addition, these parameters were evaluated following daily administration of hormones during 3 days to 8-day-old mice. Insulin or epidermal growth factor induced a 34% increase of maltase activity over that of 11-day-old controls. Trehalase activity was precociously and significantly augmented by cortisone alone or combined with thyroxine (p less than 0.05), although thyroxine alone had no influence. Only epidermal growth factor had a significant effect on alkaline phosphatase activity. gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase activity was significantly decreased when insulin and thyroxine were given simultaneously, but was not modified by any of the hormones injected separately. The level of leucylnaphthylamidase activity was enhanced by 70% after cortisone injection, but it was significantly reduced by thyroxine injected in combination with insulin or cortisone. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was increased by 107% after epidermal growth factor administration, but it was decreased by 33% after the cortisone treatment. In spite of this precocious reduction, the level of incorporation was still 2 times higher than that in adult mice. These results show that hormones act separately or in cooperation to accelerate or retard the maturation of the suckling mouse kidney.
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PMID:Effect of hormones on hydrolase activities and DNA synthesis in kidney of the developing mouse. 290 Dec 85

Rat intestinal microvillus membrane contains at least 24 polypeptides, of which 18 can be solubilized using Triton X-114 at 4 degrees C. Upon phase separation at 32 degrees C, 11 proteins separated nearly completely into the detergent-rich phase, while 9 proteins were found exclusively in the aqueous phase. Enzymes which were uniquely included in the detergent phase were alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase. The proteins which were excluded from the detergent phase and found exclusively in the aqueous phase included the disaccharidases (glucoamylase, sucrase-isomaltase, trehalase, lactase) and the ileal receptor for the intrinsic factor-cobalamin complex. Integral membrane proteins can thus be separated during solubilization into two groups prior to further purification or characterization.
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PMID:Phase separation of rat intestinal brush border membrane proteins using Triton X-114. 301 Jul 62

The intestinal microvilli of fetal origin in human amniotic fluid were purified by Ca2+ precipitation of contaminating organelles followed by differential centrifugation of microvillar membranes. In the purified preparation, the specific activity of the microvillar marker-enzymes maltase and sucrase increased about 77-fold over that in cell-free amniotic fluid. Significant contamination of the purified preparation by endoplasmic reticulum (microsomes) and lysosomes was ruled out on the basis of a low content of the marker enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (microsomes) and acid phosphatase (lysosomes). Amniotic fluid microvilli contain typical enzymes of the fetal intestine including maltase, sucrase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and their morphology by electron microscopy resembles that of vesiculated intestinal microvilli. Prenatal detection of genetic diseases due to a deficiency of a protein expressed in these membranes or associated to abnormal microvilli seems feasible.
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PMID:Fetal intestinal microvilli in human amniotic fluid. 302 83

1. The disaccharidase activities of the small intestines of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) were studied in epithelial scrapes and brush-border membrane preparations. 2. Maltase, isomaltase and trehalase activities were found. Activities of these enzymes were higher in the proximal small intestine and decreased distally. 3. Disaccharidase activities were enriched 12-15 times in brush-border membrane preparations, compared with mucosa/enterocyte crude homogenates and were co-enriched with the brush-border membrane marker alkaline phosphatase. 3. The pH optima were: maltase 6.5; isomaltase 5.6; and trehalase 5.8. The Q10 of maltase, the most active enzyme, was equal to 1.82. 4. In reptiles, as in mammals, disaccharidase activities may be correlated with feeding habits. The co-occurrence of sucrase and isomaltase may not be a common feature of vertebrates.
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PMID:Intestinal brush border membrane-bound disaccharidases of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. 306 78

The effects of glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, dexamethasone) and insulin on enzymatic activities of the intestinal brush border membrane were investigated in an anuran amphibian, Alytes obstetricians, before and during experimental metamorphosis produced by immersion into a thyroxine solution. During experimental metamorphosis, a new epithelium (secondary epithelium) replaces the degenerating primary epithelium. The enzymes studied were three glucidases (maltase, glucoamylase, trehalase) and alkaline phosphatase. In tadpoles reaching the end of premetamorphosis, hormones were injected every day (hydrocortisone, dexamethasone: 25 micrograms/g body wt/day; insulin: 5 mU/g body wt/day, for 3 and occasionally 6 consecutive days. Under such conditions, most of the activities in the primary epithelium increased or remained stable. In animals which completed experimental metamorphosis, the secondary epithelium formed. Hydrocortisone (25 micrograms/g body wt/day) and insulin (5 mU/g body wt/day) treatments significantly decreased the enzymatic activities of the new brush border membrane in animals which received one hydrocortisone and/or insulin injection per day, during 3 consecutive days. Such results, which previously had not been obtained systematically in spontaneously metamorphosing tadpoles (El Maraghi-Ater, Mesnard, and Hourdry (1986). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 61, 53-63), emphasize the relative independence of the intestinal metabolism during experimental and spontaneous metamorphosis.
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PMID:Hormonal control of the intestinal brush border enzyme activities in developing anuran amphibians. II. Effects of glucocorticoids and insulin during experimental metamorphosis. 310 33


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