Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Distribution of the alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase activity was studied in blood serum by means of gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 with jaundices of different origin. Both enzymes have two forms differing in the molecular weight, 5'-nucleotidase presenting mainly a high-molecular form in contrast to alkaline phosphatase. This form activity for both enzymes is higher with obturative jaundices as compared to liver cirrhosis and virus hepatitis. The results of incubating sera with desoxicholate and the subsequent gel filtration in its presence, as well as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of butanol extracts of the fractions containing high-molecular fragments, evidence for the fact that these fragments are lipoproteid complexes.
 ...
PMID:[Two forms of alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase in the serum of persons with jaundice of different origin]. 101 37

The 5'-phosphomonoesterase activity of 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.5) participates in the catabolism of purine ribonucleotides to uric acid in humans. Initial velocity studies of 5'-nucleotidase suggest a sequential mechanism of interaction between AMP nad MgCl2, with a Km of 14 and 3 muM, respectively. With product inhibition studies the apparent Ki's for adenosine, inosine, cytidine, and inorganic phosphate were 0.4, 3.0, 5.0, and 42 mM, respectively. A large number of nucleoside mono-, di-, and tri-phosphate compounds were inhibitors of the enzyme. Allopurinol ribonucleotide, ADP, or ATP were competitive inhititors when AMP was the substrate, with a Ki slope of 120 muM. The phosphomonoesterase activity of human placental microsomal alkaline phosphatase had a pH optimum of 10.0 and had only 18% of maximum activity at pH 7.4. Substrates and inhibitors included almost any phosphorylated compound. The Km for AMP was 0.4 mM and the apparent Ki for Pi was 0.6 mM. Activity was increased only 19% by 5 mM MgCl2. These observations suggest that 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase may be inhibited by ATP and Pi, respectively, under normal intracellular conditions, and that AMP may be preferentially hydrolyzed by 5'-nucleotidase.
 ...
PMID:Purine catabolism in man: inhibition of 5'-phosphomonesterase activities from placental microsomes. 101 16

1. Wheat shoot phosphotransferase has been employed, with p-nitrophenylphosphate as a phosphate donor, to specifically phosphorylate the 5'-position of a variety of nucleosides and nucleoside analogues. The specificity of the enzyme towards the 5'-position of pentose nucleosides is testified to by the complete resistance to phosphorylation of 5'-O-methylcytidine. 2. With the use of ion-exchange chromatography, the foregoing procedure has been applied to the large-scale preparation of nucleoside-5'-phosphates with overall yields of the order of 80-90%. Quantitative recovery of unreacted nucleoside makes it possible to use this method without risk of losses either on a small or large scale with rare nucleosides. It is also applicable to acid- and alkali-labile nucleosides which cannot readily be phosphorylated by chemical procedures. 3. The wheat shoot phosphotransferase also phosphorylated a galactopyranosyl nucleoside, as well as such derivatives as 1-(beta-hydroxyethyl)cytosine and 5-(beta-hydroxyethyl)uracil, showing that the enzyme does not have an absolute requirement for a 5-membered sugar ring, but rather for the presence of a primary hydroxyl group. 4. The phosphorylated derivatives of galactopyranosyluracil, and of both hydroxyethyl pyrimidines, were resistant to 5'-nucleotidase. E. coli alkaline phosphatase converted all three nucleotides quantitatively to the starting compounds. 5. A synthesis of 1-(beta-hydroxyethyl)cytosine is described.
 ...
PMID:Preparative enzymic synthesis of nucleoside-5'-phosphates. 109 45

Fifteen patients with cholestatic disorders were treated for 1 to 5 months with phenobarbital. Primary biliary cirrhosis was diagnosed in seven, sclerosing cholangitis in two, intrahepatic biliary hypoplasia in three, and cholestatic hepatitis in three. Except for the patients with cholestatic hepatitis, in whom marked cholestasis was virtually the only abnormality in liver biopsy specimens, serum bilirubin and bile acid concentrations were diminished during therapy, the hepatic clearance of sulfobromophthalein and 131-I-rose bengal was variably enhanced, and there was relief from pruritus. Serum cholesterol concentrations and other measures of hepatic function were not significantly changed during therapy except for serum alkaline phosphatase activity, which rose in twelve patients. Parallel changes occurred in 5'-nucleotidase, suggesting a hepatic origin for the alkaline phosphatase activity. These studies indicate that phenobarbital therapy is associated with improvement in organic anion clearance in some patients with cholestatic disorders and may be beneficial to such patients.
 ...
PMID:Phenobarbital effects in cholestatic liver diseases. 111 64

A bile canalicular membrane fraction was isolated from 24-hour regenerating rat livers, and its properties were compared to those of homologous fractions prepared from the livers of sham-operated and unoperated controls. These canalicular membrane fractions were found to be closely related in terms of their morphology, their purity, their yield, and their qualitative protein banding profiles on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. However, when a rigorous examination of plasma membrane enzyme marker activities was made, the regenerating liver membranes were shown to possess an increased specific activity of alkaline phosphatase and lower levels of Mg2+ ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase in comparison with control specific activity values.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and partial characterization of a bile canalicular plasma membrane fraction from normal and regenerating rat liver. 115 69

Total protein, RNA and DNA content and the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases, 5'-nucleotidase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were studied in rat uterus during the first 8 days of pregnancy. Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity showed marked fluctuations from day to day. Nucleotidase and acid phosphatase activities showed a significant increase on day 8. The most marked change in activity was that of alkaline phosphatase which showed a 10-fold increase between days 6 and 8, due largely to an increase in the activity of this enzyme in the decidual nodule. The rise in alkaline phosphatase activity did not occur in rats ovariectomized on days 1, 2 or 4 of pregnancy and was markedly decreased in those ovariectomized on day 6. [3H]-uridine incorporation into RNA showed a significant increase between days 2 and 6 whereas [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA showed a significant increase on day 6.
 ...
PMID:Enzymic activity in rat uterus during early pregnancy. 118 35

1. Human tumour KB cells growing in suspension culture were labelled by lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination. Several major radioactively labelled proteins were detected by poly-acrylamide-gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. 2. After reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol the major radioactive electrophoretic bands migrated as substances with apparent molecular weights of about 90,000, 70,000, 60,000, 50,000 and 34,000 and corresponded closely to the positions at which the major glycosylated polypeptide subunits of KB-cell homogenates migrated during electrophoresis under the same conditions. 3. All the iodinated protein bands except one were present in purified preparations of KB plasma membranes. 4. Most of the 50,000-molecular-weight species, supposedly a surface protein component labelled during iodination of intact and viable KB cells by a non-penetrating enzyme reagent, appeared in a crude nuclear pellet during fractionation. 5. The glyco-protein nature of the major external iodinated species of KB cells was confirmed by adsorption chromatography of these substances, dissolved in low concentrations of Triton X-100, on a lectin-Sepharose column. Two major enzyme markers of the KB plasma membrane, 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase were also found to be glycoproteins. 6. Enzyme-catalysed incorporation of radioactive iodine into a fraction of low molecular weight and soluble in chloroform-methanol mixtures also occurred during lactoperoxidase treatment of intact KB cells. The partial characterization of this fraction is briefly described.
 ...
PMID:Surface labelling for human tumour KB cells. Iodination and fractionation of membrane glycoproteins. 120 Oct 9

Cytochemical changes were studied in leukocytes in peripheral blood smears from rabbits chronically exposed to mercury vapor. Experimental animals were exposed in a toxicologic chamber to air containing metallic mercury in concentrations of 2.0-2.5 mg/m3 for 3 hours daily over 12 weeks. In the poisoned rabbits, as compared with controls, alkaline phosphatase activity was depressed in granulocytes, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in granulocytes and lymphocytes. The activities of acid phosphatase, arylsulphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, the color reaction with Sudan black B and the p.a.S. reaction were not affected.
 ...
PMID:Cytochemical abnormalities of the leukocytes of peripheral blood of rabbits in chronic experimental intoxication with mercuric vapors. 122 12

The protein content and activity of enzymatic markers of cell organelles: succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, uricase, acid phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase were assayed in the homogenate and the supernatant (after two-hour centrifugation at 140,000 X g) of the liver and intestinal epithelium in rabbits irradiated with a single dose of 550 rads of gamma rays. The determinations were carried out on 1,3,6,9,15 and 30 days after irradiation for experimental and control animals. After gamma irradiation the following alterations were found: 1) increase in protein content (marked between 3-6 days), 2) remarkable rise of alkaline phosphatase activity (during the entire period of study), 3) elevation of 5'-nucleotidase activity (only in the intestinal epithelium), 4) marked reduction of succinate dehydrogenase and uricase activity (on the first day of study), 5) moderate decrease of glucose-6-phosphatase activity (mainly on the third day). Apart from a slight decline in the activity of acid phosphatase in the homogenate of intestinal epithelium, on the third day there practically were no changes in the activity of this enzyme either in the supernatant of intestinal epithelium or in the liver tissue.
 ...
PMID:Effect of gamma radiation on the enzymatic activity of cell organelles of liver and epithelium of small intestine in rabbits. 123 88

The entire distribution of lymphatics in whole mount preparations of the Japanese monkey was studied using the enzyme-histochemical technique reported by KATO et al. (1990, 1991). In this staining, the lymphatic endothelium was colored dark brown by its positive 5'-nucleotidase activity, while most blood vessels (especially arterioles) were colored blue due to their positive alkaline phosphatase reaction. The whole mount preparations of the pleura treated enzyme-histochemically clearly indicated the distribution, branching patterns and running courses of lymphatic vessels. They revealed numerous short blind-ending knobs which represented the initial portions of lymphatics. These knobs were seen near the surface of the parietal pleura along its entire extent. In the costal and diaphragmatic pleura, the lymphatics ran parallel to the intercostal muscle fibers, but perpendicular to the tendinous and muscular fibers of the diaphragm; they formed ladders, independent of the courses of blood vessels. In the mediastinal pleura, lymphatic vessels showed a tree-like branching accompanying blood vessels. Under the light microscope, toluidine-blue stained semithin sections revealed the initial part of lymphatics as a small irregularly outlined cavity (7-10 microns in diameter) surrounded by a dense connective tissue. This lymphatic dilation was sometimes located close to a thin mesothelial layer. Such a structure suggesting a "stoma" was seen near the attachment of the muscular diaphragm to the sternum and along the borders of the ribs. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an occasional interruption in the mesothelium. This stoma continued to a submesothelial cavity whose base comprised an attenuated endothelium of an extended lymphatic vessel.
 ...
PMID:Structure and distribution of the lymphatic vessels in the parietal pleura of the monkey as studied by enzyme-histochemistry and by light and electron microscopy. 129 50


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10