Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Localization and activity of five hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and leucylamino-peptidase) were evaluated histochemically in the epididymides of mature dogs. In the ductuli efferentes, cilia and apical parts of the epithelial cells displayed high activity of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Strong activity of acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and leucylamino-peptidase was present in the basal and supranuclear zones of the epithelium of the ductuli efferentes. Stereocilia of all three segments of the ductus epididymidis showed a high activity of alkaline phosphatase. Positive adenosine triphosphatase reaction was confined to the stereocilia of the initial segment. A complex pattern of acid phosphatase activity was observed in the middle segment. The subdivision of the middle segment in four subsegments was therefore suggested. In the epithelium of the initial segment only a few nonspecific esterase-positive cells were seen. The infranuclear and basal areas of the epithelium in the middle segment and the supranuclear zone of the terminal segment displayed distinct nonspecific esterase activity. The possible contribution of the hydrolases to the function of the epididymis is discussed.
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PMID:[Histological localization of hydrolases in the epididymis of the dog]. 16 21

The formation of cellular aggregates (foci) in CV-1 cells following infection with Yaba tumor poxvirus is dependent upon cell passage level, temperatue of incubation, and calcium concentration in the medium. Resistance of older cells can be reversed by maintaining calcium at 0.1 mM or by adding cortisone acetate (1 mug/ml), hydrocortisone, or estradiol-17beta to the cultures. In susceptible cells, foci formation was inhibited slightly by methyltestosterone and inhibited completely by dexamethasone, aldosterone and progesterone. Activities and patterns of enzymes associated with cytoplasmic membranes (alkaline phosphatase, mononucleotidase, and Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase) and lysosomes (beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase) of the younger susceptible and the older resistant CV-1 cells differed. These differences apparently occurred in concert with phenotypic changes in the membranes that reduced the mobility of older resistant cells. In susceptible culture, unifected cells migrated to the infected cell and participated in foci formation. Reduction of the calcium content to 0.1 mM apparently removed some of the constraints on mobility of the resistant cells. Although the hormones may have had a similar effect, the changes in enzyme patterns indicated basic alterations in protein synthesis. The development of resistance to foci formation occurred between the 45th and 50th passage level. Hormonal reversal of this resistance resulted in enzyme profiles that reflected the pattern of young susceptible cells.
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PMID:Alterations of enzymes associated with plasma membranes and cellular organelles during infection of CV-1 cells with Yaba tumor poxvirus. 16 62

The authors studied the modifications of the activities of some enzymes in cell cultures submitted to the action of biliverdin. This biliary pigment rapidly induces a remarkable increase in alkaline phosphatase and ATP-ase activities and subsequently, an activation of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. On the contrary, 5'-nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities remain unchanged. These results are discussed and compared with those obtained in our and other laboratories by using unconjugated bilirubin on different biological substrates.
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PMID:A cytochemical study of some enzyme activities in biliverdin-treated cell cultures. 16 46

One theory of the development of cleft palate in rats involves the action of lysosomal enzymes secreted by epithelial cells at the time of fusion of the palatal shelves. To test this theory we studied the biochemistry of the palates of fetal rats daily between days 14 and 19 (from 3 days before to 3 days after palate closure). Triamcinolone was administered once im on gestation day 14 to Wistar rats; 0.5 mg/kg body weight produced approximately 50% cleft palates. Pooled control palatal tissue was compared with pooled experimental tissue; that from fetuses with clefts being pooled separately from those not affected. Acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were assayed. Concentration vs. time curves for both enzymes were very similar. Prior to the time of palate closure both enzymes were present in low concentration. Between days 16 and 17, the normal time of closure, there was an abrupt increased in enzyme concentration, with experimental tissue showing a significant elevation over control tissue on days 17 and 18. Alkaline phosphatase was also present in small amounts before closure and significantly higher in control tissue on day 17. Protein was depressed in palates having clefts on day 17; thus the ratio of enzyme activities to protein synthesis was significantly elevated at a critical time. Unaffected experimental palates had a normal ratio. These results suggest imbalanced acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase activity compared with protein synthesis at the time of palate closure following triamcinolone in rats.
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PMID:Tissue phosphatase changes following triamcinolone associated with cleft palate in rats. 16 57

5 serum protein polymorphic systems (haptoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, group-specific (Gc) proteins, beta2-glycoprotein 1 and leucine aminopeptidase) and 6 red-cell polymorphisms (adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase, phosphoglucomutase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase) have been investigated in 54 subjects with tuberous sclerosis. The frequencies of all systems were compared with those of a control sample drawn from a similar mentally retarded population and abnormal distributions were detected in the haptoglobin and Gc system. Quantitative estimation of the serum levels of the Gc protein failed to detect any inter-group differences. Data on the deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equlibrium, Haldane's Log ratio test between groups, and gene frequencies of both test and control groups are given. It is suggested that selection by mortality is the possible causation for the abnormal distribution of the Gc phenotypes, but the haptoglobin phenotype distribution requires further investigation with care being taken in the selection of control subjects.
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PMID:Serum and tissue proteins in tuberous sclerosis. I. Serum and red-cell polymorphic systems. 16 11

The induction of concomitant immunity was studied in Donryu strain rats with Yoshida ascites sarcoma cells. The changes of enzyme activity in spleen lymphocytes were also examined in normal and tumor-bearing rats. The concomitant immunity was detected 1 week after transplantation of tumor cells. Extended metastases were found 2 weeks after transplantation. The enzyme activities of ATPase and acid phosphatase were definitely higher than that of normal rat 1 week after the transplantation but decreased to lower level than normal 2 weeks later. On the other hand, alkaline phosphatase activity increased 3 times at 1 week after the transplantation and remained at the same level even at 2 weeks later.
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PMID:Changes of enzyme activities in spleen lymphocytes from tumor-bearing rats. 17 Nov 91

Testis, epididymis and ductus deferens of the adult domestic fowl and male gonads of juvenile roosters have been studied by means of histochemical and histological methods. Testicular interstitial cells: According to enzyme-histochemical results oxidative energy production seems to be of minor importance. An extraordinarily high activity of lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and esterases in the adult, esterases only in the immature) is observed. Positive reactions of 3beta-steroid-dehydrogenase and enzymes of the pentose phosphate cycle indicate steroid hormone production; the pathways of the steroid synthesis, however, are probably different in adult and immature testes. A remarkable LAP content of juvenile Leydig cells is a parameter of an increased protein metabolism. Areas of reserve cells: Focal accumulation of these cell types are observed in testis and epididymis of the immature and in the epididymis of the adult fowl. Reserve cells reveal distinct activities of LAP (prospective growth ability) and 3beta-HstDH (reserve capacity for steriod synthesis). All other enzymes studied react weakly, thus pointing to a generally low metabolic activity. Seminiferous tubules: The strong reaction of alkaline phosphatase in the peritubular cells may play a part in energy disposition for contractions. Sertoli cells of adult animals are rich in lysosomal enzymes and enzymes of the glycolytic chain but oxidoreductases react weaker than in mammalian Sertoli cells. This indicates that nutritive interactions between germ and Sertoli cells in birds are different from those in mammals: The basally orientated germ cells of birds contain strong activities of diaphorases, LDH, SDH, Cyto-Ox and seem to be metabolically rather indipendent from Sertoli cells.
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PMID:[Histological and histochemical studies on testis, epididymis and ductus defrens of the rooster (Gallus domesticus)]. 17 1

The total membrane-bound ATP hydrolytic activity in human epidermis is due to the activities of at least three differently located enzymes, namely Mg++-activated ATPase, phosphomonoesterase and adenyl cyclase. Cytochemical studies on psoriatic epidermis with various inhibitory and stimulatory substances showed reduced activities of ATPase and phosphomonoesterase, and a lack of sensitivity of adenyl cyclase to specific stimulators such as isoproterenol and glucagon. Since no differences of basal adenyl cyclase activity were observed between normal and psoriatic human skin without stimulation, it seems likely that in psoriasis a latent defect of adenyl cyclase may exist, resulting in a deficient response of this enzyme to regulatory agents. In conclusion, the present study reveals that not a single enzyme but the entire membrane-bound nucleotide metabolism is altered in psoriatic keratinocytes, causing a disturbance of the membrane-bound energy utilization, similar to findings in proliferating tumour cells.
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PMID:Ultrastructural localization and differentiation of membrane-bound ATP utilizing enzymes including adenyl cyclase in normal and psoriatic epidermis. 17 85

Extracellular membranous matrix vesicles were localized and described using electronmicroscopy during chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and dentinogenesis. Evidence indicates that matrix vesicles in each of these specific tissue types function to concentrate and transport ions and enzymes which serve as nucleation sites for the mineralization of hydroxylapatite. We have examined different developmental stages of Meckel's cartilage, alveolar bone and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions associated with tooth formation in newborn mice. These ultrastructural studies indicate matrix vesicle heterogeneity. Whereas most matrix vesicles contain alkaline phosphatase activity during cartilage, bone and dentine mineralization, in earlier developmental stages matrix vesicles contain acid phosphatase activities and little, if any, alkaline phosphatase. Tissue type, specific developmental stage, and ultrastructural criteria indicate various "classes" of matrix vesicles. During epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in tooth development, mesenchymal cells (preodontoblasts) appear to be the source of matrix vesicles as indicated by the complementarity between H-2 histocompatibility alloantigen specificity on the cell surface and that of the matrix vesicle outer surface; matrix vesicles are limited by a trilaminar membrane derived from the mesenchymal cells. Some of the vesicles located adjacent to dividing inner enamel epithelial cells contain RNA's as determined by electron microscopic autoradiography in situ, as well as by direct biochemical assays. We postulate that matrix vesicles have many different and important biological functions, one of which may be to mediate developmental information from mesenchyme to epithelia during "instructive" stages of tooth development.
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PMID:Matrix vesicle heterogeneity: possible morphogenetic functions for matrix vesicles. 17 57

A histochemical study was made of the localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATPase in the ejaculated buffalo spermatozoa. Most of these hydrolytic enzymes were localized in the mid-piece, and post-nuclear cap. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were also present in the acrosome. The presence of hydrolytic enzymes at these sites is discussed and correlated with the permeability and transport processes across the membranes of spermatozoa as well as with the process of energy production and fertilization.
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PMID:Histochemical localization of hydrolytic enzymes in the buffalo spermatozoa. 17 25


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