Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this prospective study was to examine the usefulness of flow-dependent dynamic liver function tests and conventional methods of evaluating liver function as predictors of pretransplant survival in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation within the follow-up period of 365 days were excluded. One hundred one patients with histologically confirmed cirrhosis were studied. Fifty-eight patients had post-hepatitic cirrhosis, 13 had cryptogenic cirrhosis and 30 had biliary cirrhosis. During follow-up, 28 patients died of their liver diseases. At entry, we recorded indocyanine green half-life, monoethylglycinexylidide formation from lidocaine, bilirubin and albumin serum concentrations, activities of cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, clinical complications of ascites and encephalopathy and the Pugh score. These variables were subjected as covariates to a stepwise survival analysis by use of the Cox proportional-hazards model. At the final step, Pugh score, monoethylglycinexylidide formation and indocyanine green half-life were found to be the only independent variables significantly related to 1-yr survival. The parallel combination of Pugh score and monoethylglycinexylidide test yielded the highest prognostic sensitivity (82%). The series approach combining either the Pugh score and indocyanine green test or the monoethylglycinexylidide and indocyanine green tests was associated with the highest specificity (96%/97%) and high predictive values of a positive result (81%/82%). These findings suggest that appropriate combinations of the studied flow-dependent dynamic liver function tests and the Pugh score could be useful in improving transplant candidate selection and the timing of transplantation.
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PMID:Predictors of one-year pretransplant survival in patients with cirrhosis. 195 50

The objective of this prospective study was to assess the prognostic value of dynamic liver function tests and traditional methods of evaluating liver function in potential candidates for hepatic transplantation. Patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation within the follow-up period of 120 days were excluded. The study included 107 adult and 57 pediatric patients with cirrhosis. Postnecrotic cirrhosis was present in 107 and biliary cirrhosis in 57 of 164 patients. During the follow-up period, 26 of 164 patients died of their liver disease. At the time of inclusion, we recorded monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) formation from lidocaine, indocyanine green (ICG) half-life, bilirubin and albumin serum concentration, activity of cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, the clinical complication of ascites, and--in adults--the Pugh score also. These variables were subjected as covariates to a survival analysis (Cox proportional hazards regression model) using separately the data from adults, pediatric patients, all patients with postnecrotic cirrhosis, and all patients with biliary cirrhosis. In all of these four subgroups there was a significant relationship between MEGX and ICG test results and the 120-day survival. In the stepwise analysis, none of the remaining parameters contributed to a further relevant improvement of our predictive ability when added to the values of ICG and MEGX. Our results suggest that the ICG and the MEGX test are superior to conventional liver function tests and the Pugh score in assessing short-term prognosis in cirrhotics independently from the etiology of the underlying liver disease. These findings may have important implications for determining the optimum timing of transplantation.
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PMID:Assessment of pretransplant prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. 201 33

Serum ferritin, prealbumin, pseudocholinesterase, alpha-1-antitrypsin and caeruloplasmin were determined in control subjects and patients with pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis or extra-pancreatic disease mainly of gastrointestinal origin, in order to investigate the different hepatic changes which influence serum ferritin in chronic pancreatic and other digestive diseases. Increased circulating ferritin was found in pancreatic cancer and extra-pancreatic disease when compared to controls. Correlations were detected between ferritin and the other proteins investigated and between ferritin and total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that cholestasis accounts for 45% of circulating ferritin, the acute-phase response accounted for 18% and decreased liver function accounted for 11%. We conclude that the increase in serum ferritin in chronic pancreatic and other gastrointestinal diseases largely depends on liver changes, with cholestasis probably playing a primary role.
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PMID:Hepatic changes and serum ferritin in pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases: the role of cholestasis. 202 31

This study was performed to examine the optimum conditions for thawing frozen rat serum in a microwave oven (Toshiba, Type ER-1345 JF). The thawing temperature must be kept at 37 degrees C or less to maintain the blood biochemical values within the normal ranges because the values of alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, glucose and albumin were markedly altered at 40 degrees C or above. For thawing frozen serum, the best conditions were as follows: a sample volume of 0.5 ml was convenient to control the thawing temperature; locating the samples 10-12 cm out from the center of the turning table in the oven resulted in a thawing temperature of 10-20 degrees C; a microwave irradiation time of 1 min 45 sec thawed samples frozen at -20 degrees C. Using the sample plate that we made, 80 samples could be thawed at the same time under almost the same conditions. The blood biochemical values obtained from sera thawed in the microwave oven showed good correlation with those from sera in a water bath (37 degrees C) and had excellent reproducibility. These results suggest that thawing frozen rat serum by microwave irradiation is rapid and easy and without adverse effects on the blood biochemical values.
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PMID:[The use of microwave ovens to thaw frozen rat serum]. 204 63

Carcinoembryonic antigen and some liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, lactic dehydrogenase and cholinesterase) were evaluated in patients with primary colorectal cancer in order to define their role in the pre-operative detection of liver metastases. The records of 278 consecutive patients admitted to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan between January 1982 and December 1983 who were suffering from primary invasive colo-rectal cancer and who underwent laparotomy were retrospectively analyzed. At laparotomy, liver metastases were found in 38 pts (13.7%). Considering single tests, CEA was the most sensitive (71%); no single test was found to be reliably predictive, when the result was abnormal. On the contrary, the normal value of each test was associated with a good prediction. When we considered all the five tests together in the single patient their predictive value, when abnormal, proved to be quite good only if four or five results were abnormal. On the other hand, liver metastases in the presence of all normal tests were found only in two patients, so giving a negative predictive value of about 97%. So we conclude that, in the lack of an infallible imaging technique for liver evaluation, in the presence of all normal tests any other investigation on the liver could be avoided. However, when liver tests are pathologic, some other imaging technique should be performed in order to supply the surgeon with information about the extent and the spread of the metastases.
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PMID:The role of CEA and liver function tests in the detection of hepatic metastases from colo-rectal cancer. 209 Jan 87

The effects of soman poisoning on hematological (counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets and measurement of hematocrit) and coagulation parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and concentrations of fibrinogen, factor V, factor VII, and factor XI) and serum biochemistry (concentration of albumin, protein, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, and creatinine and activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and amylase) were determined at 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours after poisoning of rabbits. There were significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in the RBC counts in all treatment groups that were measured initially at 4 hours and were reflected by parallel decreases in the hematocrit values. These changes were probably due to an increase in the hemolysis of the RBC rather than a decrease in the production of RBC. There were minor changes in the coagulation parameters. Generally, the fibrinogen content increased. The activated partial thromboplastin time decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 24 and 48 hours after soman (50 micrograms/kg) poisoning. Blood cholinesterase values were significantly reduced in all treatment groups at all time periods. The CPK activity was increased after 4 and 24 hours in the 20 and 50 micrograms/kg soman groups. There were minor changes in the other biochemistry values, but none that showed a dose-response relationship; thus, they were considered to be of limited significance with regard to the toxic manifestations of soman exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of soman poisoning on hematology and coagulation parameters and serum biochemistry in rabbits. 212 98

This study was initiated to investigate the long term effect of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (O.P), with consideration to bilharziasis (an endemic parasitic disease in Egypt, usually associated with liver fibrosis). Serum levels of choline esterase (Ch E), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk. Ph.) and proteins were estimated among 100 (O.P.) sprayers with various duration of exposure (3 to 15 years) and among 60 controls. O.P. sprayers showed significantly higher, SGPT and Alk. Ph. and lower Ch E and serum proteins than the controls. Among sprayers, duration of exposure to O.P. was significantly correlated with their levels of Ch E, SGPT, and Alk. Ph. but not with serum proteins. Compared to other parameters, SGPT seems to be a good indicator of the hepatic effect of long term exposure to O.P. Bilharzial infection did not modify the effect of O.P. pesticides on the above mentioned parameters. Ch E of smoker sprayers was significantly less than that of non smokers. This was attributed to increased absorbtion of O.P. during smoking at work places.
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PMID:Serum choline esterase and liver function among a group of organophosphorus pesticides sprayers in Egypt. 213 58

A number of morphological and functional changes on liver cells were reported during experimental cholestasis. Some specific metabolic pathways catalyzed by "membrane bound" enzymes were described to be altered by lipid microenvironment changes. The purpose of he present study is to establish Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronyltransferase activity--a microsomal integral enzyme responsible for bilirubin conjugation--and microsomal phospholipid profile in cholestatic and normal patients. Surgical liver biopsies were taken fron five patients suffering prolonged extrahepatic cholestasis, and five patients submitted to abdominal surgery excluding hepato-biliary diseases that were considered as controls. The following biochemical parameters were determined in both groups: bilirubin concentration, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, oxalacetic and pyruvic transaminases, and pseudo-cholinesterase activities. Serum cholestatic markers showed significative increments in cholestatic patients (Table 1). Total Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronyltransferase activity was similar comparing normal and cholestatic individuals (1.11 +/- 0.66 and 1.93 +/- 0.82 nmol conjugated bilirubin/mg protein in 10 min. respectively). When final reaction product was analysed, the normal group showed 80% of bilirubin diglucuronide; but resulted undetectable in cholestatic patients yielding 100% of bilirubin monoglucuronide. Microsomal phospholipid analysis showed a decrease in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine contents in the cholestatic group; probably due to the action of bile acids accumulated into the hepatic cells. Simultaneously we found an increment in phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin levels in cholestatic patients compared to normals (Figure 1). This fact could be explained by the existence of special sites in the membrane for the latter phospholipids, protected against bile acids detersive action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Phospholipid composition of the hepatic microsomal membrane and its relationship to bilirubin UDP glucuronyltransferase in human cholestasis]. 213 64

The aim of our work was to assess the performance of tissue polypeptide antigen in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients, while also checking for any influence of liver dysfunction on the serum level of the marker. One hundred and twenty-five consecutive cirrhotic patients, 35 with and 90 without, hepatocellular carcinoma were studied. Tissue polypeptide antigen had a different distribution in the two groups and the best diagnostic accuracy with 48.6% sensitivity and 85.6% specificity was found at the cut-off value of 240 UL-1. In cirrhotic patients significant linear correlations were found between tissue polypeptide antigen and alanine-transaminase, aspartate-transaminase, G-glutamyl-transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase; there was no correlation with bilirubin or pseudo-cholinesterase. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma a significant linear correlation was found only with alanine and aspartate transaminase and G-glutamyl-transpeptidase. The analysis of covariance still showed a significant difference between mean tissue polypeptide antigen levels in the two groups also accounting for covariates. These results suggest that: a) the liver dysfunction may be involved in increasing tissue polypeptide antigen values; b) tissue polypeptide antigen has a different distribution in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma also accounting for covariates; these findings further support the specificity of tissue polypeptide antigen.
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PMID:The serum tissue polypeptide antigen in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients. 217 22

Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and T-2 toxin, singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred (Yorkshire x Landrace x Hampshire) pigs. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatment groups of 6 barrows each fed diets containing 0 mg of AF and T-2/kg of feed (controls; group 1), 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed (group 2), 10 mg of T-2/kg of feed (group 3), or 2.5 mg of AF plus 10 mg of T-2/kg of feed (AF + T-2; group 4) ad libitum for 28 days (7 to 11 weeks of age). Production performance, and serum biochemical, and hematologic evaluations were made weekly. Body weight and body weight gain were depressed by all toxin treatments, but the effect of AF and T-2 toxin in combination was less than additive. Liver and kidney weights, as a percentage of body weight, were increased by AF treatment, and heart weight, as a percentage of body weight, was increased by T-2 treatment. Treatment with T-2 toxin induced necrotizing contact dermatitis on the snout, buccal commissures, and prepuce. Consumption of AF resulted in increased serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, cholinesterase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and decreased serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Consumption of T-2 toxin resulted in increased serum triglyceride concentration and decreased serum iron concentration. Treatment with AF induced lower serum unsaturated iron-binding capacity and high RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, WBC count, and prothrombin time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of treatment of growing swine with aflatoxin and T-2 toxin. 224 Jul 92


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