Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histrochemistry of the adrenal glands was studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). It was impossible to demonstrate any reactivity to UDPG-GT, ADH, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, xilitol (NAD-dependent) dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and aryl-sulfatase in these glands. Total phosphorylase was found in scattered cells of the glomerulosa and adjacent outer fasciculata of one C. penicillata. The dehydrogenases (LDH, G-6-PDH,6-PGDH, NADPH2-TR,ICDH,SDH,NADH2-TR, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH) as well as the hydrolases (except alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, and acetylcholinesterase) showed a stonger reactivity in the cortical part. Some hydrolases (naphthol acetate esterase, acid phosphatase) and cytochrome oxidase were less reactive in the zona glomerulosa, where the dehydrogenases were more abundant. The outer fasciculata and the reticularis also showed a strong dehydrogenase reactivity.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the adrenal glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 0 44

The present study reports of three kinds of experiments of unaffected primary rejection of xenogenous kidney transplanats in the close-related fox-dog species system. The issue is whether there is a relation between the amount of grafted parenchyma and the immune induced potency, that is whether the course of rejection of transplanted single kidneys (group I a) differs from the course after en-bloc transplantation of both kidneys (group I b). In group II alterations of blood chemism and behavior of humoral antibodies are followed in dogs to which a fox kidney was transplanted, while keeping their own functioning kidneys. This experiment is to give information whether the uremic syndrome influences the development of humoral immunity, and what changes of blood chemism may primarily be related to destruction of the graft, under the condition of absent uremia. Untreated graft recipients survived for 5,4 +/- 0,49 days (n = 5) when single kidneys were transplanted (group I a), and 5,2 +/- 0,75 days (n = 5) when both kidneys were grafted en-bloc (group I b). As to the rejecting reactions, both groups are almost equal: the increasing functional failure causes a fast increase of creatinine and urea nitrogen; alkaline phosphatase and LDH show distinct alterations, related to the progress of the graft's destruction. Decrease of albumin level and loss of cholinesterase activity indicate an impaired hepatic function as reaction to uremic intoxication. Gamma-globulins and leucocytes show alterations that can be related to non-specific inflammatory reactions. The immunologically specific initial lymphopenia suggests that after revascularization these cells migrate to the graft, and later react with antigenic structures of vascular endothelium and still later with those of the organ cells. Cytotoxic antibodies appear on the 4th postoperative day in increasing amount. Post mortem histologic examination shows round cell infiltrates in the vastly necrotic renal parenchyma. When the recipient's kidneys are kept in situ and a fox kidney is transplanted (group II) uremia is avoided and the animals survive. During the 30-days period of observation, that is longer than the term of rejection, the titer of cytotoxic antibodies remains stable or tends to increase. LDH and alkaline phosphatase show characteristic changes that are considered sequels from destructed transplantate. The experiments show, aside from certain reservations, that the donor-host combination fox-dog is suitable to serve as preclinic model for human transplantation using xenogenous donors of organs, i. e. anthropoid primates.
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PMID:[The unaffected primary rejection of xenogeneic kidney transplants in the closely related fox-dog species system]. 3 59

The influence of acute poisoning with Dursban (O.P.I.) and D.D.T. (O.cl.I.) on serum enzymes and histopathological examination of the liver, kidney and testes was investigated in albino rats. Two repeated i.p. injections of Dursban in a dose of half the LD 50 resulted in a significant increase in serum GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase activity and a decrease of cholinesterase. In case of DDT, two doses of 150 mg/kg orally resulted in a significant increase in the activity of serum GPT only, while three doses increased serum GOT and GPT. No significant change was observed in serum alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase activity. Regarding the pathological examination it was found that in animals treated with Dursban there was liver necrosis of mid-zonal type and fatty change at the periphery. In case of DDT the liver cells lost their radial arrangements and showed fatty change. There was cellular infiltration in the centre, mostly mononucleolar cells. In both insecticides there was necrosis of some of the seminiferous tubules of the testes and cloudy swelling of the convoluted tubules of the kidney. Histochemical study of the liver in animals treated with Dursban showed that glycogen was deposited at one side of the cell. However, there was depletion of glycogen around the central vein. In liver treated with DDT there were large globules of fat inside the liver cells, indicating increased fat content compared to control liver, where there were tiny minute droplets of fat.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of organophosphorus and organochlorine insecticides in laboratory animals. 9 70

Human erythrocytes from healthy male donors were fractionated with respect to in vivo age by simple centrifugation in order to characterize changes in the functional integrity of the membrane during the life-span of the cell. The three enzymes, Na/K-ATPase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADH-ferricyanide reductase, were found not to change with age, but significant age-dependent decreases were observed in the cases of acetylcholinesterase, phosphoglycerate kinase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, adenylate kinase, Mg-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase. The possibility that these changes were attributable to mechanisms other than age-related inactivation, such as reticulocyte contamination, differential resealing and crypticity, was investigated. Only the decrease in acetylcholinesterase could be explained wholly in terms of reticulocyte contamination. A decrease in membrane integrity on ageing was observed, which accounted for approximately half the change in alkaline phosphatase and may have contributed to the other enzyme activity changes. This membrane integrity effect masked a real decrease in the highly cryptic NADH-ferricyanide reductase, this decrease being apparent only after total disaggregation of the membrane with nonionic surfactant.
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PMID:Changes in the activities of some membrane-associated enzymes during in vivo ageing of the normal human erythrocyte. 14 40

The study deals with the distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatases, ATPase, 5-nucleotidase, nonspecific esterase, specific cholinesterase, and beta-galactosidase in the diencephalon of the frog. The highlights of the present study are the following: i) Acid phosphatase is present in all the neurons, whereas the tracts and commissures are completely negative. ii) Most of the tracts and commissures are positive for 5-nucleotidase. This confirms the author's previous findings that the tracts and commissures of all the areas of frog brain are intensely positive for 5-nucleotidase. iii) beta-galactosidase activity in the nuclei of the diencephalon is either mild or completely absent, whereas the commissures and tracts show positive activity. iv) Habenulothalamic connections are intensely positive for specific cholinesterase and non-specific esterase, moderately positive for beta-galactosidase and completely negative for other enzymes. v) The epiphysis (pineal organ) shows intense reaction for adenosine triphosphatase, acid phosphatase, and 5-nucleotidase and moderate reaction for alkaline phosphatase and non-specific esterase. In contrast to the above enzymes, the specific cholinesterase and beta-galactosidase are completely missing. vi) Lateral forebrain bundles are completely negative for all the enzymes except alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase. The distribution of these enzymes has been correlated with the functional aspects of various nuclei, tracts, and commissures of the diencephalon of the frog.
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PMID:The chemoarchitectonics of the diencephalon of frog (Rana tigrina). 15 81

The epithelial cells in the taste buds of C. jacchus and C. penicillata show a moderate amount of ribonucleic acid an a concentration of a PAS-positive diastase-resistant material at their apical part. These cells are devoid of UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, G-6-PA, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, cholinesterase and MAO; they present a weak reaction of F-1, 6-P Ald, LDH, SDH, MDH, cytochrome oxidase, beta-OHBDH, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase and a stronger reaction to ADH, NADPH2-TR, ATPases, alpha-GPDH, alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and GDH. Although some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATPases) have an almost uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller taste buds of the fungiform papillae. As a rule the apical part of the cells shows a stronger enzymatic reactivity. The taste buds of the marmosets are penetrated by acetylcholinesterase positive nerve fibers whereas the autonomic ganglia in the connective tissue contain both-acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase.
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PMID:Histochemical observations on the taste buds of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 15 39

The enzymatic changes in chronic hypertrophic rhinitis were studied in 14 patients. The cholinesterase content was increased in the subepithelium and stroma, denoting parasympathetic hyperactivity. Acid phosphatase was increased in the epithelium, subepithelium and around the glands, indicating increased shedding and phagocytic activity. Succinic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and alpha-esterase were increased in the mucous glands, denoting increase secretory activity, hence increased natural defence mechanism of the nasal mucosa.
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PMID:Chronic non-allergic hypertrophic rhinitis. A histochemical study. 15 75

The cercariae of Eurytrema pancreaticum (Janson, 1889) possess four types of gland cells - proper cystogenic, penetration, ventral and dorsal gland cells. The secretion of ventral and dorsal gland cells is released into the tegument. The proper cystogenic gland cells are the largest and their contents serve for the formation of the cyst wall of metacercariae in the second intermediate host. The secretion of proper cystogenic gland cells contains besides neutral mucosubstances also acid mucosubstances with both carboxyl- and sulphogroups digestible with beta-glucuronidase. The secretion of penetration gland cells contains neutral mucosubstances and proteins with tyrosine, tryptophan and SS groups. The ventral gland cells contain mostly acid mucosubstances with sulphogroups, which are digested with beta-glucuronidase, and proteins with tyrosine, tryptophan and SH groups. The rudimentary dorsal gland cells contain a small amount of acid mucosubstances. The whole tegument of cercariae and the two main collecting canals of the excretory system exhibit a high alkaline phosphatase activity. The nerve ring and the main nerve truncs contain proteins with SH groups and hydrophilic lipids and exhibit a cholinesterase activity. The suckers contain a larger amount of glycogen.
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PMID:Histochemistry of gland cells of Eurytrema pancreaticum cercariae. 16 44

Neurochemical and psychopharmacological studies of rats were designed to examine four hypotheses which have been proposed to account for the development of behavioral tolerance to the anticholinesterase, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). The fact that the activity of the enzymes, adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and cytochrome oxidase, did not change concomitantly with behavioral measures during chronic treatment with DFP suggests that nonspecific metabolic changes are unlikely mechanisms of behavioral tolerance. Similarly, a lack of change in choline acetylase activity coupled with constantly high acetylcholine levels (140%) and low cholinesterase activity (28.5%) tends to eliminate end-product inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis as a primary mechanism of tolerance to DFP. Alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine in doses to 150 mg/kg affected the behaviors of control and DFP-treated rats to a comparable degree, offering no support for the hypothesis that a redundant adrenergic system may replace the cholinergic system during the development of tolerance to DFP. In contrast to these various negative findings, pilocarpine was less effective in suppressing the responding of rats tolerant to DFP than that of control subjects. This confirms other evidence indicating that a decreased sensitivity of cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors is one mechanism underlying the development of tolerance to DFP.
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PMID:Experimental tests of hypotheses about neurochemical mechanisms underlying behavioral tolerance to the anticholinesterase, diisopropyl fluorophosphate. 16 30

The purification of the pregnancy zone protein by means of immunoadsorbents is described. The pregnancy zone protein antibody was isolated from an absorbed rabbit antiserum and coupled with CNBr-activated sepharose. The pregnancy zone protein was isolated from pregnancy serum by the specific antibody cross-linked with sepharose. Contaminating serum proteins were eliminated by "inverse" immunoadsorption using antibodies against these proteins coupled with sepharose. An immunoelectrophoretically pure pregnancy zone protein was obtained. By means of a combination of immunoprecipitation and enzyme reaction in agar gel could be excluded that the pregnancy zone protein possesses activities of the following 11 enzymes: ceruloplasmin, leucine amino peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, carboxylic esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, acetyl cholinesterase and oxytocinase.
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PMID:[Isolation of "pregnancy-zone" proteins using immuno absorbents and study of possible enzyme activities]. 17 12


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