Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rats were tested in the forced swim test to evaluate the effects of duration of exposure (0, 5, 15, or 25 min), and water temperature (0, 35, 30, 25, or 20 degrees C), on a variety of physiological measures. Serum corticosterone, glucose, lactate, phosphorus levels, and the anion gap (a measure of acid-base status) were increased significantly, whereas carbon dioxide and potassium levels were consistently decreased by testing, as was the potassium/phosphorus ratio; creatinine, triglycerides, and magnesium were not altered significantly in any study. Effects on prolactin, amylase, lipase, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, and chloride were inconsistent. Levels of serum corticosterone were increased at each duration of testing, and the increments were significantly higher than the previous duration. Corticosterone levels were also increased in proportion to decreasing water temperature, but the increments were not significantly different from the previous or following temperatures. Glucose levels were increased at every duration and at every water temperature with the exception of the coldest water temperature. Lactate and phosphorus levels and the anion gap were all increased, whereas carbon dioxide levels decreased after 5 min of immersion. Potassium levels did not decrease until some time after 5 min of testing. Immobility times were marginally correlated with corticosterone levels (r = -0.38) but were highly correlated with serum carbon dioxide (r = 0.59), potassium (r = 0.67), and phosphorus levels (r = -0.73); the correlation between immobility times and the ratio of potassium/phosphorus was 0.82. The potassium/phosphorus ratio accounted for 67% of the variance in immobility. These high correlations were interpreted in terms of acid-base changes associated with testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Physiological correlates of the forced swim test in rats. 837 26

An epidemiologic study of Pasteurella haemolytica serovar 1 (Ph1) in market-stressed feeder calves from 7 farms in eastern Tennessee was conducted. The nasal mucus of each calf was cultured sequentially at the farm of origin (day 0), at an auction market (day 133), and at a feedyard in Texas (days 141, 148, 155, and 169). Of the 103 calves tested, 77 were culture-positive, including 1 on day 0, 1 on day 133, 20 on day 141, 57 on day 148, 50 on day 155, and 14 on day 169. From the 143 Ph1 isolates, 20 enzyme profiles were determined by use of a commercial enzyme system that detects 19 enzymatic reactions; 4 antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were obtained, using the disk-diffusion method, which evaluated susceptibility to 11 antibacterial drugs. All isolates were positive for acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, but were negative for alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, cystine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and trypsin. Other positive enzyme reactions included: leucine aminopeptidase, 140 Ph1 isolates; phosphohydrolase, 90 isolates; alpha-fucosidase, 63 isolates; esterase (C4), 59 isolates; valine aminopeptidase, 30 isolates; esterase lipase (C8), 24 isolates; beta-galactosidase, 2 isolates; and alpha-glucosidase, chymotrypsin and lipase (C14), 1 isolate each. Thirty-four Ph1 profiles were identified, using combined enzyme and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. The data indicate that the strains isolated during the feedyard period may have been determined more by farm of origin (P < or = 0.001) than by habitation with calves from other farms while in the feedyard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Identification of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 isolates from market-stressed feeder calves by use of enzyme and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. 842 78

Antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 local isolates of Helicobacter pylori from patients with acid peptic diseases was investigated to commonly used antibiotics. The maximum resistance was (66%) detected to metronidazole (MIC > 8 micrograms/ml). The frequency of resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin was in the range of 20-28 per cent; least resistance was observed to tetracycline (10%). The gradient disc diffusion method was found to give reproducible results and also correlated with agar dilution method for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Study of the enzymatic activity of H. pylori isolates showed that all isolates had urease, catalase, oxidase, esterase-lipase, and naphthol-AS-beta-1-phosphohydrolase enzymes and were consistently negative for ten other enzymes tested. Majority of the isolates expressed alkaline phosphatase (17/18), esterase (17/18) and acid phosphatase (14/18). The acid phosphatase had the maximum mean enzymatic activity. There was no difference in enzymatic activity between H. pylori isolates from ulcer and gastritis patients. H. pylori isolates could be typed into five biotypes. Type III was found to be more common (44.4%). This study supports the existence of the strain variations among H. pylori on the basis of the enzyme profiles.
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PMID:Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern & biotyping of Helicobacter pylori isolates from patients with peptic ulcer diseases. 855 18

The enzymatic activity of 70 feline and canine Microsporum canis isolates was determined by the Api-Zym test. The liquid phase of cultures, inoculated into Tryptic Soy Broth, was used to examine 19 enzymes. Considerable differences were observed among the extracellular enzymatic patterns. All the isolates produced alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucosidase, while lipase (C14), trypsin, chymotrypsin, beta-glucuronidase, and alpha-fucosidase activity was never revealed. Esterase (C4) activity was present in 57 samples (81%), esterase lipase (C8) in 31 (44%), leucine arylamidase in 35 (50%), valine arylamidase and cystine arylamidase in 7 (10%), acid phosphatase in 64 (91%), naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase in 60 (86%), alpha-galactosidase in 5 (7%), beta-galactosidase in 6 (8%), alpha-glucosidase in 25 (36%), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in 41 (58%), and alpha-mannosidase in 51 (73%). The beta-galactosidase activity of M. canis has not been reported previously. Remarkable variations of intensity for each enzymatic activity were also detected. It is believed that these results could provide basic data for further investigations on the pathogenic role of enzymes secreted by M. canis.
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PMID:Extracellular enzymatic activity of Microsporum canis isolates. 868 26

The stability of 25 analytes from serum of healthy donors was determined at room temperature, 4 degrees C, and -20 degrees C over 48 h, 14 days, and 4 months, respectively. Glucose, blood urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, chloride, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, lipase, total creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, iron, magnesium, and cholesterol were stable at all three temperatures for the specified times. Carbon dioxide, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol demonstrated some loss over time. Proper storage temperatures and times must be considered for these analytes if measurement is not to take place immediately after specimen collection.
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PMID:Stability of twenty-five analytes in human serum at 22 degrees C, 4 degrees C, and -20 degrees C. 870 97

The effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) versus enteral nutrition (TEN) were studied in 34 patients following major neurosurgery. Measurements were made of resting energy expenditure (REE), urea production rate (UPR), visceral proteins, parameters of liver and pancreas function, as well as gastrointestinal absorption. To predict nutritional status, nutritional index (NI) was calculated. UPR revealed no significant differences between the groups. After 12 days of TEN, however, synthesis of visceral proteins increased significantly. In addition, NI improved after TEN (p < 0.05), whereas it remained unchanged after TPN. Thrombocyte and lymphocyte counts rose predominately during enteral nutrition. Only in the TEN group was REE increased by 18% and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) enhanced from Day 6 on. Exogenous insulin demand was enhanced in the parenterally fed group, and bilirubin (p < 0.05), amylase (p < 0.05), and lipase (p < 0.01) rose significantly, as did gamma-glutamyl-transferase (p < 0.0005) and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.0005). After 12 d of TPN, vitamin A absorption was significantly attenuated, indicating reduced fat absorption compared to TEN. Carbohydrate absorption did not show significant changes between the groups. Only during TPN did mean values of xylose absorption remain below the normal range. Therefore, enteral nutrition following neurosurgical procedures is associated with an accelerated normalization of nutritional status and an improved substrate tolerance. TEN opposes early postoperative absorption disturbances of the small intestine.
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PMID:Enteral versus parenteral nutrition: effects on gastrointestinal function and metabolism. 883 31

Mineralization of cartilage and bone requires alkaline phosphatase activity. In order to study the enzymatic properties of bone alkaline phosphatase in bone disease and more particularly in patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, we investigated the solubilization of alkaline phosphatase from primary bone cell cultures derived from human bone explants. To study the release of alkaline phosphatase from membranes, several detergents at a concentration above the critical micellar concentration and cholesterol were used. Solubilized alkaline phosphatase was characterized by enzymatic activity and electrophoresis analysis. Almost all the alkaline phosphatase was solubilized using non-ionic detergent as n-octylglucoside and hecameg. In comparison with initial membranous activity, the solubilized activity was increased by a factor, i.e. 2 +/- 0.05 (SEM, n = 3) (with n-octylglucoside), i.e. 2.1 +/- 0.05 (SEM, n = 3) (with Hecameg). With an ionic detergent (sodium dodecylsulfate), zwitterionic detergent ((cholamido propyl) dimethylammonio 1 propane sulfonate) and cholesterol, a fraction of alkaline phosphatase was resistant to solubilization. Electrophoresis studies showed that released alkaline phosphatase was a glycosylphosphatidylinositol protein (amphipatic form) with 140 kDa as apparent molecular weight. A hydrophilic form was obtained by treatment with a specific lipase. This study showed differential solubilization of osteoblastic alkaline phosphatase from human primary bone cell cultures. Better extractibility and higher activation of this membrane anchored enzyme were obtained with non-ionic detergents.
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PMID:Differential solubilization of osteoblastic alkaline phosphatase from human primary bone cell cultures. 902 53

We illustrate a rare late onset (10 yr) complication of gastric surgery with a combination of afferent loop syndrome and a large duodenal bezoar. The patient underwent a subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II gastrojejunal anastomosis for benign peptic ulcer 10 yr ago. It was not until several days before this presentation that he suffered from epigastralgia and abdominal distension. Leukocytosis and abnormal blood biochemistry were found including amylase, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, GOT, and GPT in which amylase was markedly elevated to 1188 U/L. Abdominal ultrasound scan and especially CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of a large bezoar in the dilated duodenal afferent loop. To our knowledge, the rare entity in our case is the first reported in the literature.
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PMID:Afferent loop syndrome complicated by a duodenal phytobezoar after Billroth-II subtotal gastrectomy. 931 85

Dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC; 6 mg/kg body weight, i.v.) induced acute interstitial pancreatitis in rats. The course of the pancreatitis was examined within 28 days by light and electron microscopy as well as by pathobiochemistry (amylase, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin in serum; tin concentration in biliopancreatic juice, tissue, and concretions). The pathogenesis of the DBTC-induced pancreatitis in rats was studied by different experimental designs (in intact animals, after bile duct ligation, after surgical bypass of the bile duct). DBTC caused toxic necrosis of the biliopancreatic duct epithelium, which is then shed into the duct and forms obstructing plugs in the distal common bile duct. Interstitial pancreatitis occurred during the first 4 days, accompanied by significantly increased activities of serum alpha-amylase and lipase. After 7 days extensive infiltration of the pancreatic interstitium with mononuclear cells was observed. Twenty-eight days after administration of DBTC one-third of the rats showed periductal and interstitial fibrosis as well as an active inflammatory process in the pancreas. The findings suggest a twofold pathogenesis of the DBTC-induced pancreatitis: first, the cytotoxic effects on the biliopancreatic duct epithelium lead to epithelial necrosis with obstruction of the duct, subsequent cholestasis, and interstitial pancreatitis; and second, the hematogenic DBTC effects cause direct injury of pancreatic cells (mitochondrial damage, autophagy, cell necrosis) followed by interstitial edema and inflammation. Both processes lead to this special type of DBTC-induced acute pancreatitis with a tendency to a chronic course, when the obstruction of the duct and cholestasis persist.
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PMID:Acute interstitial pancreatitis in rats induced by dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC): pathogenesis and natural course of lesions. 936 Oct 94

Digestion and absorption of phosphatidylcholine by Aeshna cyanea larvae were studied in vivo and in vitro with the isolated digestive juice and isolated midgut. The experiments were performed with stable ether analogues (1-alkyl-2-acyl-,1,2-dialkyl phosphatidylcholine, and 1-monoalkyl-lysophosphatidylcholine), with radioactive 1,2-diacylphosphatidylcholine alternatively labelled in the acyl- and choline moieties, and with several phosphatidylcholine derivatives (1- [1-14C]acyl- and 1-[3H] alkyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, [1-14C]oleic acid, [2-14C]glycerol, phosphoryl[methyl-14C]choline, and [methyl-14C]choline). Chromatographic analyses of the digestion products revealed that phosphatidylcholine was degraded via two interconnected hydrolytic pathways involving phospholipase C, phospholipase A2, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase. Complete hydrolysis by these pathways yielded the same four end products: free fatty acid, glycerol, choline, and Pi, which were absorbed by the midgut enterocytes. Of the intermediate hydrolysates, lysophosphatidylcholine, monoacylglycerol, and possibly phosphorylcholine were also absorbed. Radiolabelled oleic acid, glycerol, lysophosphatidylcholine and monoacylglycerol (as judged from monoacylglycerol absorption) were incorporated into phospholipids and acylglycerols of the midgut enterocytes and were released into the haemolymph primarily in the form of diacylglycerols. In the case of glycerol ingestion, a small fraction of haemolymph radioactivity was associated with free glycerol and glycerolphosphate. After absorption by the enterocytes, radiolabelled choline was partly oxidized to betaine, partly phosphorylated, and partly incorporated into lyso- and phosphatidylcholine. It was recovered from the haemolymph predominantly as free choline, phosphorylcholine, and betaine.
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PMID:Digestion of phosphatidylcholines, absorption, and esterification of lipolytic products by Aeshna cyanea larvae as studied in vivo and in vitro. 936 12


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