Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Venoms from 20 species of stinging Hymenoptera, including nine species of ants and nine species of social wasps, were quantitatively analyzed for the following enzymic activities: phospholipase A, hyaluronidase, lipase, esterase, protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase. Phospholipase and hyaluronidase were present in all the venoms, with activity levels generally higher among the wasps than the ants (P less than 0.05). Lipase was present in high activity in several social wasp venoms and one ant venom, in low levels in two other ant venoms and absent from four tested snake venoms. Two-carbon esterase activity was present in the venoms of five social wasps and one ant. Non-specific protease was present at very high activity levels in the venoms of an army ant species and was also present in the venoms of a social wasp and another ant. Acid phosphatase activity was present in eight of the nine ant venoms, but was essentially absent from all the social wasp venoms. Alkaline phosphatase activity was clearly detectable in the venoms of only two species of ants. Phosphodiesterase, an enzyme not previously detected in insect venoms, was present in the venoms of three closely related ant species. Venoms with generally high enzymic activities included those of Polistes infuscatus, Vespula (V.) squamosa and Pogonomyrmex badius; those with low activities included Dolichovespula maculata, Apoica pallens and Dasymutilla lepeletierii. The 20 venoms were ranked according to overall activity levels using the eight enzyme activities plus lethal, hemolytic and pain-inducing activities. They were also compared phylogenetically using these 11 activities.
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PMID:Comparative enzymology of venoms from stinging Hymenoptera. 354 39

In a group of 58 dogs with proven pyometra, 10 bitches developed renal failure, combined with increased (p less than 0.01) urinary excretion of protein, glucose, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), amylase, lipase and casts. Thirty-two bitches without renal failure showed nevertheless signs of renal dysfunction as indicated by increased (p less than 0.01) urinary levels of protein, glucose, GGT, AP and amylase. Six bitches without significant proteinuria showed increased (p less than 0.02) urinary levels of GGT, AP as well as amylase. Thus renal injury was detected in 72 per cent of the bitches. Sixteen bitches showed normal urinary levels of protein, glucose, GGT, AP, amylase and lipase, indicating absence of renal disease.
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PMID:Renal injury in dogs with pyometra. 357 95

Benzoyl- and isopentenoyl phosphoric triamides (BPA and IPA) strongly inhibited urease activities from jack bean, soybean, watermelon seed, Proteus mirabilis, P. rettgeri, P. vulgaris, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Their I50 values (the final concentration causing 50% inhibition), independent of enzyme source, were 2-21 nM, which are about 1,000-fold lower than that of caprylohydroxamic acid, one of the most potent urease inhibitors. ATP-urea amidolyase activity was inhibited 50% by BPA at a higher concentration of 0.28 mM, but was not affected by IPA even at 1.3 mM. Thirteen kinds of hydrolases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, leucine aminopeptidase, papain, lipase, alpha-amylase, glucuronidase, asparaginase, arylsulfatase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and true cholinesterase), two oxidoreductases (catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase), three transferases (glutamic-oxaloacetic aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and arylsulfotransferase) and two kinases (pyruvate kinase and creatine kinase) were not affected at all even at 1 mM BPA and IPA. Exceptionally, pseudo-cholinesterase from human serum was inhibited by BPA and IPA, whose I50 values were 70 nM and 10 muM, respectively, using acetylthiocholine as a substrate. These values increased to 0.55 muM and 54 muM, respectively, when acetylcholine was used as a substrate. These results show that N-acylphosphoric triamides potently and specifically inhibit urease activity at concentrations of nM order.
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PMID:Specific inhibition of urease by N-acylphosphoric triamides. 384 42

A fluorimetric assay for lipase activity has been optimized for measurement of the enzyme in human neutrophils. Activity was maximal at acid (4.5) and alkaline (9.5) pH, although there was also a neutral peak of activity at pH 6.5. Neutrophils were homogenised in isotonic sucrose and subjected to analytical subcellular fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The gradient fractions were assayed for acid, neutral and alkaline lipase activity and for the principal organelle marker enzymes. Neutral lipase showed a unimodal distribution with an equilibrium density of 1.19 g . cm-3, corresponding to the distribution of particulate leucine aminopeptidase. Acid and alkaline lipase activities showed very similar distribution profiles to each other with both soluble components and a broad peak of particulate activity. The broad modal density of 1.19-1.22 g . cm-3 suggests that acid and alkaline lipase activities could be localised to more than one population of cytoplasmic granule. Fractionation experiments with neutrophils homogenised in sucrose medium containing digitonin confirmed the localisation of neutral lipase and leucine aminopeptidase to the same cytoplasmic granule, and suggested that at least part of the acid lipase activity was localised to the specific granule. No lipase activity could be attributed to the alkaline phosphatase-containing granule. Neutrophils were isolated from control subjects, patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia and women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The specific activity of acid, neutral and alkaline lipase, and leucine aminopeptidase, in contrast to that of alkaline phosphatase, were similar in the three patient groups.
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PMID:Subcellular localization and properties of lipase activities in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 385 60

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Loxosceles reclusa venom demonstrated that only one of seven or eight major (plus three or four minor) protein components caused necrosis in guinea pig skin. Sephadex gel filtration separated the venom into three major peaks, the second peak of which contained the dermonecrotic activity. Hyperimmunization of rabbits with increasing doses of venom from L. reclusa produced potent precipitating antisera, and the rabbits became resistant to lesion development. Ouchterlony-type immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic studies revealed six to seven distinct precipitation lines, one of which stained intensely for esterase activity. Immunohistochemical techniques failed to detect any protease, lipase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, or amylase activity in the venom. The spreading activity of recluse spider venom in guinea pig skin was inhibited as much as 71% by antivenom. Venom preincubated with antivenom was unable to incite lesions in guinea pig skin. Passive immunization of guinea pigs 18 h before an injection of venom conferred venom resistance upon the animals. Local injections of antivenom immediately after intradermal injections of venom markedly reduced the dermal lesion. Heparin reduced the local and systemic effects of venom when preincubated with whole venom or when administered systemically before an intradermal injection of venom. Treatment of whole venom with the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetate did not inhibit its necrotic activity. Transfer studies from a 24-h lesion indicated that the necrotic activity was localized and remained active in tissue for at least 24 h but not for 5 days. No lesions developed when high concentrations of venom were intradermally injected into the skin of sacrificed guinea pigs, indicating that an interaction of body constituents and venom is essential for the development of a lesion.
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PMID:Immunological studies of Brown recluse spider venom. 414 Jan 61

Relapsing fever borreliae require lipid compounds for growth in vitro. In this study, the major pathways of lipid catabolism in three species of tick-borne relapsing fever borreliae were investigated. Thin-layer chromatography was used to compare chloroform-methanol extracts of fresh culture media with extracts of exhausted culture media after organisms were removed by centrifugation. The chromatographic data demonstrated that lysolecithin was removed from the culture media during growth of the spirochetes, whereas lecithin, sphingomyelin, triglycerides, and cholesterol esters were not affected by growth of the organisms. Sonic extracts of the organism were tested for the presence of specific enzymes of lipid catabolism. Lysolecithinase, glycerophosphorylcholine diesterase, and acid phosphatase activities were demonstrated. Thus, these organisms can sequentially dissimilate lysolecithin to fatty acids, choline, inorganic phosphate, and glycerol. Assays for phospholipases A, C, and D, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase were negative.
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PMID:Lipid catabolism of relapsing fever borreliae. 436 Dec 92

Water stress induced by floating discs cut from cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivar Stoneville) on a polyethylene glycol solution (water potential, -10 bars) was associated with marked alteration of ultrastructural organization of both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Ultrastructural organization of chloroplasts was sometimes almost completely destroyed; peroxisomes seemed not to be affected; and chloroplast ribosomes disappeared. Also accompanying water stress was a sharp increase in activity of acid phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2], and acid and alkaline lipase [glycerol ester hydrolase EC 3.1.1.3] within chloroplasts. Only acid lipase activity was detected inside mitochondria of stressed discs. These alterations in cell organization and enzymology may account for at least part of the previously reported effects of water stress on the CO(2) compensation point, photochemical reactions, and photorespiration.
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PMID:Some ultrastructural and enzymatic effects of water stress in cotton (gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves. 452 31

Histochemical procedures for PMN granule enzymes were carried out on smears prepared from normal rabbit bone marrow, and the smears were examined by light microscopy. For each of the enzymes tested, azo dye and heavy metal techniques were utilized when possible. The distribution and intensity of each reaction were compared to the distribution of azurophil and specific granules in developing PMN. The distribution of peroxidase and six lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, esterase, and 5'-nucleotidase) corresponded to that of azurophil granules. Progranulocytes contained numerous reactive granules, and later stages contained only a few. The distribution of one enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, corresponded to that of specific granules. Reaction product first appeared in myelocytes, and later stages contained numerous reactive granules. The results of tests for lipase and thiolacetic acid esterase were negative at all developmental stages. Both types of granules stained for basic protein and arginine. It is concluded that azurophil and specific granules differ in their enzyme content. Moreover, a given enzyme appears to be restricted to one of the granules. The findings further indicate that azurophil granules are primary lysosomes, since they contain numerous lysosomal, hydrolytic enzymes, but the nature of specific granules is uncertain since, except for alkaline phosphatase, their contents remain unknown.
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PMID:Differences in enzyme content of azurophil and specific granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. I. Histochemical staining of bone marrow smears. 487 49

Multiple forms of hydrolytic enzymes were demonstrated in extracts of healthy bean leaves (Phascolus vulgaris L.) and bean leaves infected with the halo blight organism [Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson] by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. Bean leaves contained up to 4 acid phosphatase bands, 9 esterase bands active towards alpha-naphthyl acetate, and 7 esterase bands towards alpha-naphthyl butyrate. Only low or no activity was found for alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and aminopeptidase. Two artifacts are described which were observed with the lead phosphate method for acid phosphatase and the Tween method for demonstration of lipase. After infection with the halo blight organism the major acid phosphatase of the host increased during early and decreased at later infection stages. An acid phosphatase of bacterial origin with a more neutral pH optimum could be demonstrated in infected leaves. It is suggested that the bacterial acid phosphatase plays a role in uptake of metabolites by the pathogen. Several esterase bands decreased after infection. One host band with activity towards alpha-naphthyl butyrate increased. Also the pathogen showed an esterase band with high activity towards alpha-naphthyl butyrate.
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PMID:Multiple hydrolases in bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the effect of the halo blight disease caused by Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson. 590 74

A patient with pyoderma gangrenosum without associated disease was studied. Routine investigations showed several abnormalities. High ESR, high alkaline phosphatase and glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) levels, low iron and iron binding capacity, altered protein spectrum, presence of Staphylococcus aureus and group G hemolytic streptococci in ulcer culture, higher than normal antistreptolysin titers in the serum, and perivascular infiltration in the skin. Biochemical investigations aimed at finding any excessive hydrolytic activity did not reveal the presence of neutral proteases in circulation leaked out from PMN-leukocytes or elsewhere. Lysozyme levels were higher than normal, amylase and lipase levels were normal and 5' nucleotidase levels were below normal range. TCA-soluble polypeptides were present in the serum at levels two times higher than those in normal individuals. Immunochemical investigations showed the absence of immune complexes in the serum but presence of high amounts of C-reactive protein. Total complement activity was higher than normal and so was C3c level. Clq, C4, and C3d levels were within normal range. Biologic studies showed the presence of a factor in patient serum that made guinea pig skin hard, painful, erythematous, and eventually hairless, but not necrotic. A similar factor was either absent in normal serum or present in very low concentration. After salazopyrine treatment, all the above mentioned abnormalities corrected except that 5' nucleotidase activity remained slightly lower than normal, alkaline phosphatase levels remained slightly higher than normal, and C-reactive protein levels remained very high, though lower than those during intense disease activity.
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PMID:Immunologic and biochemical studies on a patient with pyoderma gangrenosum. 614 8


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