Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective five-year study of 65 consecutive patients with upper abdominal pain the Neostigmine Morphine Test (NMT) was applied as a screen for biliary, ampullary, and pancreatic disease. Three facts emerged from this study: 1) the amylase and lipase were overly sensitive, but not specific and had only a 10 per cent predictive value for ampullary obstruction; 2) the bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) were positive in patients with ampullary obstruction if they were postcholecystectomy but not so in patients with an intact gallbladder, which may be explained by the third observation; 3) the gallbladder can compensate for partial ampullary obstruction by dilatation five to ten times and by its ability to absorb 90 per cent of the water content of the bile. The Neostigmine Morphine Test is not a reliable screen for ampullary obstruction and positive findings must be confirmed by other studies.
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PMID:A second look at the neostigmine morphine test. 247 60

We noted a frequent increase in the serum enzymes amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase in patients with Wilson's disease who are receiving zinc acetate therapy (25 or 50 mg elemental zinc three times daily). Typically, values are normal before the initiation of zinc therapy, increase to slightly above normal after a few weeks of therapy, and stabilize at the high normal range after approximately a year of treatment. Very large dosages of zinc (800 mg/day) produce even further elevation of serum lipase and amylase without the symptoms of pancreatitis. Pancreatic pathologic studies of a zinc-treated rat model receiving dosages equivalent to up to 25 times the effective dosage in a human being, which is based on milligrams of zinc per kilogram of body weight, reveal that no lesions are induced by zinc treatment in the pancreas. We interpret these findings to indicate that extended maintenance therapy with zinc does not pose a risk of pancreatic damage in patients with Wilson's disease.
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PMID:Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc. V. Changes in serum levels of lipase, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase in patients with Wilson's disease. 247 44

Dietary hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and gamma-isomer of HCH produced significant increase in liver weights of mice. Elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and of alkaline phosphatase in the blood of these animals suggested hepatotoxicity. Hepatic soluble enzymes--aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase--were markedly lowered. Among the hepatic lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and acid cathepsin were increased in the experimental animals. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase was lowered by HCH while aldolase activity was increased. Hydrolytic enzymes in small intestine, viz., disaccharidases, lipase, amylase, dipeptidase and phosphatases, were also affected by dietary HCH and gamma-HCH. The results suggested cellular toxicity in hepatocytes of HCH and gamma-HCH fed animals, and also interference in gastrointestinal absorption.
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PMID:Biochemical toxicity of hexachlorocyclohexane and its gamma-isomer in albino mice. 248 47

The author examined a group of 143 patients with osteomalacia of different origin before treatment and after adequate treatment with vitamin D, using laboratory tests, assessment of body weight and muscular strength (grip of the dominant hand). After treatment there was a significant rise of calcaemia, phosphataemia and calciuria and a drop of alkaline phosphatase activity. The body weight increased within the first month of treatment on average by 1.27 kg, during the second month by another 1.15 kg. The patients gained a total of 2.42 kg. The muscular strength increased during the first month on average by 3.23 kg and during the second month by another 2.16 kg, i.e. a total of 5.39 kg. From these results it may be concluded that vitamin D may have a certain anabolic effect if used in pharmacological does either due to an increased nutrient absorption from the gut because of hypertrophy of the intestinal wall or indirectly via hypercalcaemia which increases the hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach as well as pepsin secretion, and promotes activation of trypsin and lipase in the duodenum and moreover causes retardation of the intestinal transit. The increased muscular strength in due to a rise of calcaemia, improved muscle contraction and probably also due to the mentioned nutritional factors. There may be also the factor of an improved lifestyle due to the immunomodulating action of vitamin D and disappearance of bone pain.
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PMID:[Anabolic effects of vitamin D in patients with osteomalacia]. 263 59

Application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to gallbladder stones was studied in 37 adult female swine. Twenty-two sows underwent cholecystostomy with implantation of human gallstones. In 20 animals, after a 10-day recovery period, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 2000 shocks (an amount determined in preliminary water bath studies to be effective), was performed. In 10 of these implanted swine, frequent focal point refocusing and biplanar ultrasonography were employed. Two animals served as operative controls. Fifteen other animals without gallstone implantation were studied for adverse effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on tissue. These animals (unimplanted) received 5000 shocks; 7 animals were killed 1 to 4 days after treatment and the others were killed after 4 weeks. Biochemical tests (total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lipase, amylase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase determinations) were performed on all animals at entry and every second or third day until they were killed. Successful fragmentation, defined as all residual gallstone fragments being less than or equal to 4 mm in greatest dimension, was achieved in 14 of 20 animals overall, but in 10 of 10 animals in which focal point refocusing had been used. Slight perivascular hemorrhage and minimal coagulation necrosis were seen histologically only in the liver parenchyma adjacent to the gallbladder bed. The remainder of the liver was grossly and histologically normal. No injuries to the colon, duodenum, common bile duct, or pancreas were observed. No alterations suggesting injury or altered function occurred in any of the biochemical tests.
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PMID:Biliary lithotripsy. Determination of stone fragmentation success and potential tissue injury in swine. 275 4

Since they are found to be increased in lesions of acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis or marginal periodontitis, agents for these diseases. In the present study, 38 pure cultured strains were obtained as a result of isolation and culture of samples collected from lesions of marginal periodontitis (periodontal pokets), and the biological and biochemical characteristics of these strains were investigated. 1) Light microscopy (including dark-field microscopy) and transmission electron microscopy (negative staining) were used for observation of the morphology and cellular structure of the strains. The cells had a spiral shape, and showed active movement. Based on the above findings the cultured strains were all confirmed to be spirochetes of small to medium size, being 0.08-0.24 micron in width. 2) Growth and motility of the strains were investigated on various types of culture medium. Intense growth and movement were noted in strains cultured in bovine liver exudate medium containing horse serum (pH 7.2) at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions produced by the evacuation-replacement method (95% N2, 5% CO2) for 3-7 days after inoculation. 3) Thirty-five strains were positive for indole production and decomposition of urea, mucin, hippuric acid and esculin. Production of hydrogen sulfied was observed in 31 strains. In decomposition tests for 17 carbohydrates, 17 strains were positive for galactose and 14 strains were positive for glucose, while 11 strains were positive for dextrin and 10 strains for fructose upon decomposition of soluble starch. Other carbohydrates were also decomposed by a few strains. 4) In an investigation of the production of alcohol and lower fatty acids, among the metabolic products detected by gas chromatography, a large amount of acetic acid and small amounts of ethanol, lactic acid, propionic acid, pyruvic acid were observed. 5) The results of enzyme activity tests using an API ZYM system indicated relatively high activities of esterase, esterase-lipase, alpha-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, trypsin and acid phosphatase.
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PMID:[Biological and biochemical characteristics of the oral spirochetes isolated from the focus of marginal periodontitis]. 276 48

The alterations in the distribution and activity of certain key enzymes, viz. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, cholinesterase and lipase, have been determined in the liver of rats (Rattus rattus albino) after experimental poisoning with hexavalent chromium. The histochemical and biochemical observations presented herewith provide visual evidence of chromium-induced inhibition of all these enzymes except lipase, which was found to be stimulated insignificantly. The results have been interpreted in terms of changes in the micro-environment of the cell, formation of apo-enzymes, metal-protein complexes, oxidative phosphorylation and finally with liver function.
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PMID:Dysenzymia induced by hexavalent chromium in rat liver. 299 22

Streptococcus faecalis S-48 produces a broad spectrum antibiotic, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This substance is produced in solid and liquid media and also in a defined basal medium. It is sensitive to protease, pronase, or trypsin, heating at 70 degrees C, and alkaline pH, but resistant to treatment with lipase, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, DNAase, RNAase, acidic or neutral pHs, and also lower temperatures (60 degrees C). Several organic solvents cause precipitation, but not inactivation. This antibiotic has been partially purified by gel filtration and further ion-exchange chromatography. Its molecular weight has been estimated close to 2000. The biological activity of this antagonistic substance against the selected indicator strains, Streptococcus faecalis S-47 and Escherichia coli U-9, is bactericidal. The characterization of this substance, initially classified as a bacteriocin, indicates that it is an antibiotic of peptidic nature. The significance of antibiotic occurrence in group D of the genus Streptococcus is also discussed.
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PMID:Characterization and partial purification of a broad spectrum antibiotic AS-48 produced by Streptococcus faecalis. 309 96

The enzymatic activities of 53 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia were determined by using the API ZYM system. Strong alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, butyrate esterase, caprylate esterase, myristate lipase, leucine arylamidase, and phosphoamidase activities were consistently detected in all strains. Weak activities were observed for valine arylamidase, beta-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. No activities could be demonstrated for cystine arylamidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, and alpha-fucosidase. Enzymatic activities of pseudomonads may provide useful information about their pathogenesis and information for identification of Pseudomonas species.
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PMID:Enzymatic characterization of Pseudomonas cepacia by API ZYM profile. 335 98

The proposed system of continuous monitoring of enzyme activities is based primarily on the electrochemical behaviour of thiol compounds, and the experimental equipment is extremely simple. The determination of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) activity is described. The normal values obtained for men (73.9, s +/- 10.3 microkat/l) and for women (71.1, s +/- 10.2 microkat/l), lie within the usual range of analogous photometric methods. Systems for determination of the activities of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and adenosylhomocysteinase (EC 3.3.1.1) are described. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) is determined by a combination of enzyme reactions, in which CoA is released from acetyl-CoA. Analogous procedures are discussed for determinations of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), lipase (EC 3.1.1.2), and phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) activities, and for determination of substrates, e.g., acetate and carnitine. Possible determinations of an additional 199 enzyme activities and of some of substrates are suggested. By determining electrochemically active groups other than thiols this method becomes almost universally applicable.
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PMID:New system of continuous monitoring of enzyme activities and determination of some substrates. 344 Aug 58


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