Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A single site mutant of Bacillus subtilis with a streptovaricin-resistant RNA polymerase has been isolated; this mutation caused temperature-sensitive sporulation, but had no effect on vegetative growth. The mutant (ts710) temperature-sensitive period irreversibly affected the middle and late stages of sporulation. Mutant cells grown at the nonpermissive temperature exhibited abnormal serine protease accumulation, serine esterase accumulation, alkaline phosphatase accumulation, RNA polymerase template specificity changes, and pulse-labeled RNA synthesis profiles. The accumulation of metal protease was not affected at the nonpermissive temperature. Attempts to isolate single site mutants which were streptolydigin-resistant, and temperature-sensitive for sporulation, were unsuccessful.
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PMID:New types of RNA polymerase mutations causing temperature-sensitive sporulation in bacillus subtilis. 40 11

All of several hundred erythromycin resistant single site mutants of Bacillus subtilis W168 are temperature senstive for sporulation. The mutants and wild type cells grow vegetatively at essentially the same rates at both permissive (30 degrees C) and nonpermissive (47 degrees C) temperatures. In addition cellular protein synthesis, cell mass increases and cell viabilities are similar in mutant and wild type strains for several hours after the end of vegetative growth (47 degrees C). in the mutants examined, the temperature sensitive periods begin when the sporulation process is approximately 40% completed, and end when the process is 90% completed. At nonpermissive temperatures, the mutants produce serine and metal proteases at 50% of the wild type rate, accumulate serine esterase at 16% of the wild type rate, and do not demonstrate a sporulation related increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. The eryR and spots phenotypes cotransform 100%, and cotransduce 100% using phage PBS1. Revertants selected for ability to sporulate normally at 47 degrees C (spot), simultaneously regain parental sensitivity to erthromycin. No second site revertants are found. Ribosomes from eryR spots strains bind erythromycin at less than 1% of the wild type rate. A single 50S protein (L17) from mutant ribosomes shows an altered electrophoretic mobility. Ribosomes from spo+ revertants bind erythromycin like parental ribosomes and their proteins are electrophoretically identical to wild type. These data indicate that the L17 protein of the 50S ribosomal subunit from Bacillus subtilis may participate specifically in the sporulation process.
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PMID:Erythromycin resistant mutations in Bacillus subtilis cause temperature sensitive sporulation. 40 47

At 20 degrees C, aflatoxin B1, at a sublethal dose, decreases the activity of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), esterase (EC 3.1.1.1), chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1), leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1), and phosphoamidase (EC 3.9.1.1) biosynthesis in Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner). In contrast, at 41 degrees C no significant decrease was observed. At this temperature, the mycotoxin is not destroyed or metabolized and bacterial cells are resistant to the toxin.
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PMID:[Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the enzymatic activities of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner)]. 88 28

Fifteen Slovak Merino sheep were included in the experiment. The animals weighing 21-28 kg were divided into three groups per five animals. In a six-week feeding experiment the animals of group I were given 50 mg supermethrin per kg live weight per day while those of group II received 200, and from week four of the experiment 300 mg supermethrin per kg live weight per day. During the experiment changes of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), acetylcholine esterase (EC 3.1.1.7), urea und creatinine levels in blood serum were observed. Six weeks after supermethrin treatment the sheep were slaughtered and histochemical evaluation of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and non-specific esterase (EC 3.1.1.1) was carried out in liver, kidney, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In the course of the experiment changes of the enzymatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase observed in both experimental groups of sheep were similar to those seen in the control group of animals (Tab. I). As compared to the starting values, no significant changes in the activity of alanine aminotransferase were observed in group II of the experiment and in the controls. However, a significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase activity could be seen in the blood serum of sheep of group I (Tab. II). In both experimental groups of animals no significant changes in the acetylcholine esterase could be seen (Tab. III). As compared to the starting values, no significant changes were observed in creatinine levels of the control and the 1st experimental group of sheep (Tab. IV). In the sheep of the 2nd group a temporary significant decrease (p < 0.05) in creatinine levels was seen. The dynamics of urea levels was similar to starting values in all animals throughout the experiment Tab. V). In the control group of animals (Fig. 1) the high density of reaction product of alkaline phosphatase was determined in the microvilli of enterocytes of the small intestine. In the small intestine of the animals of both experimental groups, the activity of this enzyme was shown to be located in the same zone (Fig. 2). In all experimental animals in the parenchyma of the liver and kidney no significant changes could be observed. In both experimental and control animals the high activity of acid phosphatase was demonstrated to be located especially in the cytoplasma of enterocytes. The activity of non-specific esterase was located in the cytoplasma of enterocytes of the small intestine, in the intestinal crypts its activity was slight up to high.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Biochemical aspects of the toxic effects of Supermethrin and the histochemical activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase in subchronic poisoning in sheep]. 129 70

Morphologic and cytochemical staining characteristics of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) were evaluated, using blood smears prepared from 23 healthy tortoises of Kern County, Calif. Special emphasis was placed on differentiating features of the various leukocytes and thrombocytes. A variety of cytochemical stains, including benzidine peroxidase, Sudan black B, chloroacetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, periodic acid-Schiff, and toluidine blue were used. Heterophils had a characteristic, large, focal area of positive staining with chloroacetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, and acid phosphatase. Eosinophils stained diffusely positive with benzidine peroxidase, allowing differentiation of this leukocyte from heterophils. Thrombocytes stained focally positive with periodic acid-Schiff, allowing differentiation of these cells from lymphocytes, which stained uniformly negative. An intracytoplasmic body, commonly observed within erythrocytes, was considered ultrastructurally to represent a degenerate organelle.
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PMID:Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). 138 5

A trypsin-like serine esterase (SE) is known to be present in cultured cells with cytolytic potential. The distribution pattern of this enzyme in haematological cells and body tissues has been assessed using a method which permits rapid identification of individual cells. Cells and tissue sections were fixed and immersed in the substrate N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine thiobenzyl ester (BLT)/Fast Blue BB chromogen solution. To identify the phenotype of SE+ cells the cytochemical stain was followed by the application of monoclonal antibody and alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) complex immunocytochemical procedures. CD8+ and CD57+ lymphocytes showed SE+ granules. Neutrophil granulocytes and progenitors other than undifferentiated myeloblasts developed a dense stain while eosinophils were negative. 35% of monocytes showed positivity mainly in the area of nuclear indentation. Tumour-infiltrating SE+ lymphocytes could also be demonstrated with this method.
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PMID:Detection of BLT substrate-specific proteases in individual human peripheral blood leucocytes and bone marrow cells. Application of the method to the classification of leukaemia. 171 97

Dichlorvos was applied as spray at 1 and 2% concentrations daily for a period of 28 and 21 consecutive days, respectively to buffalo calves. Animals sprayed with 1% dichlorvos displayed mild to moderate clinical signs of toxicosis during the 4th week of exposure. The higher concentration (2%) produced clinical signs of poisoning after 12-16 applications, and was lethal to one of three animals. Daily spraying of dichlorvos at both concentrations inactivated erythrocyte cholinesterase (ChE) (15-21%), plasma ChE (17-20%) and serum carboxylesterase (5-10%) within 3 days. The extent of inhibition of esterases was increased with repeated treatment and maximal inhibition of erythrocyte ChE (80-89%), plasma ChE (81-91%) and serum carboxylesterase (33-54%) with 1 and 2% concentrations was observed on the 28th and 21st day after start of application, respectively. In surviving animals, blood esterases remained inactivated to the extent of 14-65% on the 14th day after the termination of treatment. Dichlorvos at both concentrations significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of these enzymes in surviving animals recovered to control values within 14 days after the final application of dichlorvos.
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PMID:Effects of repeated topical application of dichlorvos on blood enzymes and its toxicity in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). 236 59

The hematopoietic cells in blood and/or bone marrow from 20 leukemic dogs and 22 control dogs were characterized using a battery of cytochemical stains. The results of cytochemical staining led to modification of the diagnoses based on clinical, hematologic and histologic findings in seven (35%) of the leukemias. Sudan black B and chloroacetate esterase served as granulocytic markers in both the control and leukemic groups. Peroxidase activity was present in the granulocytes and monocytes of control animals but not the blasts of leukemic dogs. Alkaline phosphatase-positive staining of granulocytic precursors was a consistent finding in granulocytic and myelomonocytic leukemia, and alkaline phosphatase-positive lymphoblasts were seen in 38% of lymphocytic leukemias. Diffuse alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase-positive staining marked monocytes in both control and leukemic dogs. Cytochemical staining was found to be a valuable diagnostic aid in the classification of leukemias in the dog.
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PMID:Cytochemical characterization of leukemic cells from 20 dogs. 241 32

Blood and bone marrow cells of ten clinically healthy cats were stained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), peroxidase (PO), chloroacetate esterase (CAE), alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NBE), sudanophilia, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. Mature neutrophils in blood and bone marrow were devoid of ALP and NBE, but exhibited modest to strong PO, CAE, sudanophilia, and PAS reaction. In bone marrow, sudanophilia, PO, and CAE were prominent at the promyelocyte stage and diminished with cellular differentiation and maturation, while PAS reactivity increased with cell maturation usually from the myelocyte stage onwards. Myeloblasts were negative for all cytochemical reactions, but some large unidentifiable cells reacted strongly for ALP. Eosinophils were slightly reactive for ALP, CAE, and PAS, but not for PO, sudanophilia, and NBE. Basophil granules stained strongly for CAE, revealed PAS positivity, and stained negatively for PO, NBE, ALP, and sudanophilia. Slight ALP activity was detected in the intergranular cytoplasm of basophils. Lymphocytes and monocytes, with few exceptions, stained negatively. An occasional lymphocyte revealed slight globular NBE activity (NaF-resistant) and diffuse PAS reaction, while an occasional monocyte contained a few PO-positive and sudanophilic granules. Monocytes reacted modestly, whereas bone marrow macrophages reacted strongly for NBE (NaF-sensitive). Cells of the erythroid series stained negatively for all cytochemical reactions, megakaryocytes were PAS-positive, and platelets gave positive reactions for PAS and CAE.
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PMID:Cytochemical studies of normal feline blood and bone marrow cells. 246 71

The clinical course and hematologic changes of three dogs with lymphocytosis of cells morphologically resembling large granular lymphocytes are presented. Hemograms from all dogs showed leukocytosis with marked lymphocytosis. Lymphocytes were characterized by abundant basophilic cytoplasm containing distinct granules which varied in size and number. Electron microscopically the granules were membrane-bound with an electron-dense core. Lymphocytes from one dog were positive for alkaline phosphatase activity, and lymphocytes from another dog were positive for alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase activity. Lymphocytes from one dog were positive for surface receptors for the crystalline fraction portion of gamma immunoglobulins.
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PMID:Lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes in three dogs. 246 45


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