Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hydroxyapatite/soluble calcium phosphate composites (HAp/SCaP) are novel HAp-based materials with enhanced solubility that have been developed by annealing HAp in a vacuum. This study compared the effects of HAp and HAp/SCaP on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization using an MC3T3-E1 cell culture system. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on HAp or HAp/SCaP, and the number of attached cells and their morphology were examined. The influence of the extract from HAp/SCaP on osteoblast differentiation was determined by the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the expression of osteoblastic markers. In addition, mineralization was evaluated by the staining of calcium deposits with Alizarin red. Attachment of a greater number of cells exhibiting no degeneration in their morphology was observed on HAp/SCaP compared with HAp after incubation for 7 days or more. Culturing cells with the extract from HAp/SCaP resulted in promotion of alkaline phosphatase activity, the expression of type I collagen, and bone-like tissue formation. The results of the present study indicate that HAp/SCaP shows greater ability in osteogenesis than HAp by increasing collagen synthesis and calcification of the extracellular matrix.
...
PMID:Comparison of osteoblast responses to hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite/soluble calcium phosphate composites. 1562 83

Fluorine was administered to a system of hydroxyapatite (HA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) ceramic-polymer bioactive composites for applications as hard tissue regeneratives. The HA was fluoridated at different levels (5%, 25%, 50% and 75%) in order to produce the fluor-hydroxyapatite (FHA)/PCL composites. The osteoblastic cellular responses to the composites were examined in terms of the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as well as the expression of bone-associated genes. The amount of fluorine released from the composites was controlled by changing the degree of fluoridation, and the cellular responses were strongly influenced by the level of fluoridation. The MG63 cells on the FHA-PCL attached and proliferated at a similar level to those on HA-PCL. However, the fluoridation of HA increased significantly the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OC) production by the cells on the composites, which was measured by an enzymatic assay. Moreover, the gene expression level of ALP and OC in the cells was up regulated on the FHA-PCL, which was confirmed semi-quantitatively by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. These findings on the fluorine-administered biological composites (FHA-PCL) suggested that fluorine plays a significant role in stimulating the bone derived cellular activity, and the FHA-PCL composites have high potential for use as hard tissue regeneratives.
...
PMID:Effect of fluoridation of hydroxyapatite in hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone composites on osteoblast activity. 1570 68

Capillary supply of skeletal muscle decreases during denervation. To gain insight into the regulation of this process, we investigated capillary supply and gene expression of angiogenesis-related factors in mouse gastrocnemius muscle following denervation for 4 months. Frozen transverse sections were stained for alkaline phosphatase to detect endogenous enzyme in the capillary endothelium. The mRNA for angiogenesis-related factors, including hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), kinase insert domain-containing receptor/fetal liver kinase-1 (KDR/Flk-1), fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt-1), angiopoietin-1 and tyrosine kinase with Ig and epidermal growth factor(EGF) homology domain 2 (Tie-2), was analysed using a semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The fibre cross-sectional area after denervation was about 20% of the control value, and the capillary to fibre ratio was significantly lower in denervated than in control muscles. The number of capillaries around each fibre also decreased to about 40% of the control value. These observations suggest that muscle capillarity decreases in response to chronic denervation. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of VEGF mRNA was lower in denervated than in control muscles, while the expression of HIF-1alpha mRNA remained unchanged. The expression levels of the KDR/Flk-1 and Flt-1 genes were decreased in the denervated muscle. The expression levels of angiopoietin-1 but not Tie-2 genes were decreased in the denervated muscle. These findings indicate that reduction in the expression of mRNAs in the VEGF/KDR/Flk-1 and Flt-1 as well as angiopoietin-1/Tie-2 signal pathways might be one of the reasons for the capillary regression during chronic denervation.
...
PMID:Capillary supply and gene expression of angiogenesis-related factors in murine skeletal muscle following denervation. 1570 74

Telomerase is a specialized type of reverse transcriptase that catalyzes the synthesis and extension of telomeric DNA. Activation of telomerase and stabilization of telomeres are considered necessary for immortalization of tumor cells. Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) is a good example to investigate the reactivation of telomerase as; after a variable period in chronic phase, CML undergoes further evolution. The aim of this work is to study telomerase activity in patients with philadelphia- positive CML and to compare the relative amount of telomerase activity between chronic phase, accelerated phase and blastic crisis. The study is conducted on 3 groups. Group I comprised ten newly diagnosed CML patients in chronic phase; five males and five females their ages ranged from 24-63 years (X = 44.1 +/- 11.2 years). Group II comprised ten patients in acute transformation (accelerated or blastic crisis phase); seven were males and three were females their ages ranged from 14 to 63 years ( X = 35.7 +/- 16.2 years). Ten healthy subjects comprised the control group III; five males and five females their ages ranged from 14-50 years ( X = 31.8 +/- 12.4 years). All patients were subjected to thorough history taking and clinical examination, complete blood picture with differential cell counts, bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy, neutrophil alkaline phosphatase scoring by cytochemistry, immunophenotyping to identify the type of blast crisis, chromosomal analysis to detect Ph-positive cases, and measurement of telomerase activity by PCR-ELISA technique. Telomerase activity was highest in acute transformation with a range of (0.252-1.896) and mean of 1.521 0.496, while in chronic phase ranged between 0.67 and 0.743 with a mean of 0.305 +/- 0.109 and in normal controls the range was 0.45 to 0.195 with a mean of 0.102 +/- 0.048. The difference between groups was statistically significant. No correlation was found between the activity of the telomerase and hemoglobin, platelet, leucocyte counts, percentage of peripheral blood, bone marrow blasts, basophils, bone marrow cellularity, the type of crisis as well as leucocyte alkaline phosphatase scoring. In conclusion; The increased level of telomerase activity as noticed in the different stages of CML indicates its association with disease progression and can be used as a useful marker for evaluating development of the course.
...
PMID:Telomerase activity in Philadelphia positive chronic myeloid leukaemia. 1572 80

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a metabolic cartilage disease of young poultry in which endochondral bone formation is disrupted leading to the retention of a non-calcified, avascular plug of cartilage in the tibial growth plate. Chicks aged 7 days were fed either a control diet or one containing thiram 100 ppm for 48 h to induce TD. Cell multiplication in the growth plate was determined thereafter with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling, and metabolic changes by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and glutathione (GSH) activities. The effect on chondrocyte maturation was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of gene expression. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and DNA fragmentation were used to determine the effects of thiram on cell survival. The results showed that thiram-induced TD was not due to the multiplication of cells in the post-proliferative zones. Thiram did not affect ALP activity, which would have indicated a loss of calcification potential, but it reduced both TRAP and the glutathione concentrations, suggesting that the growth plate metabolism and remodelling functions were adversely affected. Thiram appeared to have no effect on the expression of type X collagen, transglutaminase, RUNX2, or matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP) genes suggesting that it did not alter the maturation potential of chondrocytes. On the contrary, the expressions of MMP-13 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes were "up-regulated," suggesting that thiram has pro-angiogenic activity. However, TUNEL assay showed that thiram induced endothelial cell apoptosis in the capillary vessels of the growth plates, as early as 10 days of age, when TD was not visually evident. The vascular death increased on subsequent days accompanied by massive death of chondrocytes in the transition zone of the growth plate. The induction of apoptosis in the growth plate was also demonstrated by DNA fragmentation. It was concluded that thiram induced TD not through an increase in the multiplication of chondrocytes in the transition zone and not by altering the expression of genes causing the arrest of chondrocytes in a prehypertrophic state, but by creating a metabolic dysfunction which led to the destruction of blood capillaries in the transition zone chondrocytes.
...
PMID:Changes in the tibial growth plates of chickens with thiram-induced dyschondroplasia. 1589 90

The detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the bloodstream of prostate cancer patients has been hypothesized as a prognostic marker, however little data are available concerning the association between this molecular marker and other laboratory values of potential importance. In this study, in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), relationships were determined between PSA RT-PCR positivity, survival, and various relevant markers including serum PSA, LDH, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and hemoglobin. A total of 19/30 HRPC patients were positive for PSA by RT-PCR. Positivity was significantly linked to serum PSA (P=0.004) and serum alkaline phosphatase (P=0.026) but not to the other laboratory variables. Median survival time for RT-PCR-positive patients was 9 months, compared to 19 months for RT-PCR-negative patients (P=0.035). Median survival time for patients with a hemoglobin>or=11 g/dL was 12 months, compared to 9 months for patients with <11 g/dL (P=0.005). Dichotomized (>or=or<median) serum PSA, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin were not significantly associated with survival in univariate analyses. In multivariate analysis, only dichotomized hemoglobin (<11 g/dL vs. >or=11 g/dL) remained statistically significant (P=0.019), indicating that RT-PCR had no independent association with survival after controlling for hemoglobin status in this study.
...
PMID:Relationships between reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for prostate specific antigen, survival, and various prognostic laboratory factors in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. 1590 15

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causing mosaic, leaf distortion and stunting of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) in India was characterized on the basis of biological and coat protein (CP) nucleotide sequence properties. In mechanical inoculation tests, the virus was found to infect members of Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae. Nicotiana benthamiana was found to be a suitable host for the propagation of CMV. The virus was purified from inoculated N. benthamiana plants and negatively stained purified preparations contained isometric particles of about 28 nm in diameter. The molecular weight of the viral coat protein subunits was found to be 25.0 kDa. Polyclonal antiserum was produced in New Zealand white rabbit, immunoglobulin G (IgG) was purified and conjugated with alkaline phosphatase enzyme. Double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) method was standardized for the detection of CMV infection in vanilla plants. CP gene of the virus was amplified using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cloned and sequenced. Sequenced region contained a single open reading frame of 657 nucleotides potentially coding for 218 amino acids. Sequence analyses with other CMV isolates revealed the greatest identity with black pepper isolate of CMV (99%) and the phylogram clearly showed that CMV infecting vanilla belongs to subgroup IB. This is the first report of occurrence of CMV on V. planifolia from India.
...
PMID:Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus on vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) in India. 1605 72

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have recently been used as cell tracers for long term imaging of live cells. A number of studies indicate that introduction of quantum dots to cells have no apparent deleterious effects on the morphology or growth of cells. In the present study, the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were used as a model to examine the effects of QDs on the growth and osteogenic differentiation of the cells. The CdSe/ZnS QDs were delivered into hBMSCs by liposome-mediated transfection with high efficiency; analysis by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the internalized QDs could be located in the endosome-like vesicles. Uptake of QDs into hBMSCs did not affect the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of the cells. When induced to differentiate along the osteogenic lineage, the QD-containing-hBMSCs were shown to have mineral deposition on the extracellular matrix. However, the cells displayed lower alkaline phosphatase activity as compared to those without QDs. Analysis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction further demonstrated that the expression of two osteogenic markers, osteopontin and osteocalcin, was significantly inhibited. Together our results show that the presence of QDs in hBMSCs prevents the full response of the cells to induced osteogenic differentiation.
...
PMID:The inhibition of osteogenesis with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by CdSe/ZnS quantum dot labels. 1618 13

Tissue differentiation is based on the expression of transcription factors, receptors for cytokines, and nuclear receptors that regulate a specific phenotype. The purpose of this study was to select cells from various skeletal tissues in order to analyse differential gene expression of cells in the native environment in vivo. It is a difficult task to obtain cells from skeletal tissues, such as cartilage, periost, bone and muscle, that are structured together and do not exist as individual organs. We used laser capture microdissection which permits the selection and isolation of individual cells from tissue sections. The RNA isolated from these tissues was used for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions for molecular analysis. We analysed the expression of transcription factors (cFOS, cbfa1, MyoD), receptors for cytokines, nuclear receptors, alkaline phosphatase and the structural proteins osteocalcin and collagen II. The results obtained demonstrate differential patterns of gene expression according to the tissue arrangement in their native in vivo environment, with reliable interpretation of the functions of the analysed genes in the context of intact skeletal tissue physiology.
...
PMID:Gene expression in skeletal tissues: application of laser capture microdissection. 1626 58

To verify the expression of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and its impact on hematopoietic cells apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemias (AML), marrow samples from 16 patients with MDS and 16 patients with AML were examined along with 16 healthy donors as controls. Immunocytochemical methods (alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (fluorescence) were used simultaneously on nucleated cell cytospins. The ratio of IGF-IR positive cells and apoptotic cells as well as the relationship between them were then analyzed separately. A quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was administrated for six MDS cases and two normal controls to validate IGF-IR expression detected by immunochemistry. In our assay, IGF-IR appeared to have higher to lower expression rate in turn from AML (86.8+/-13.8%) to MDS (56.8+/-14.3%) and then to normal controls (40.4+/-9.6%) (P<0.01 between each group). In MDS nucleated cells, IGF-IR showed stronger expression in refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)/RAEB in transformation/chronic myelomonocytic leukemia subgroup when compared to RA/RA with ringed sideroblasts cases (64.1+/-3.2 vs 53.5+/-16.2%) (P>0.05). Nucleated cells from MDS marrow underwent more apoptosis (5.4+/-3.0%) than that in normal marrow (1.2+/-0.9%) (P<0.01) and AML marrow (0.3+/-0.4%) (also, P<0.01 between each compared group). For both AML and MDS cases, apoptotic signals presented mainly in individual IGF-IR negative cells (9.0+/-4.8%) and less so in IGF-IR positive cells (1.4+/-2.4%) (P<0.01). When analyzed by groups, cell number with IGF-IR expression showed a negative correlation to apoptotic cells amount (r=-0.852; P<0.01) but positive correlation to their blast count (r=0.677; P<0.01). Outcome from real-time quantitative PCR appeared to have a trend of enhanced IGF-IR expression in advanced MDS subtypes. In conclusion, overexpression of IGF-IR existed in hematopoietic cells in MDS and AML marrows, which appeared to be contributed to disease progress.
...
PMID:Expression of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor in marrow nucleated cells in malignant hematological disorders: correlation with apoptosis. 1632 78


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---