Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The toxicological effects induced by the administration of kojic acid were characterized in young male broiler chickens (Hubbard x Peterson). The experimental design consisted of six dietary treatments of kojic acid (0, .5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g/kg feed) and four replicates of 10 broilers per replicate. Kojic acid significantly (P less than .05) decreased growth rates at concentrations greater than 2 g basic acid/kg feed. Kojic acid in higher concentrations also significantly increased the relative weights of the proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, and liver, and significantly decreased the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius at necropsy (Day 21). Hematological changes included a significant increase in the number of red blood cells, a significant increase in packed-cell volume, and a significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume. Also occurring was a significant increase in the serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Hepatotoxicity of dietary kojic acid was evident through a significant increase in the activities of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and creatine kinase and a significant decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. A significant increase in serum uric acid concentration was indicative of nephrotoxicity, and a significant increase in serum glucose concentration was indicative of pancreatic toxicity. A significant decrease in colonic temperature was also observed. Because the toxic effects of kojic acid were only observed at concentrations greater than 2 g kojic acid/kg feed, this mycotoxin alone does not appear to pose a serious economic threat to the poultry industry.
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PMID:Toxic effects of kojic acid in the diet of male broilers. 204 42

Following acute accidental death of 26 cows exposed to boron fertilizer, effects of inorganic boron treatment in goats were studied. Goats were orally dosed with toxic but sublethal amounts of the fertilizer. Multiple hematologic and serum chemistry parameters were assessed, as were cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitters and some of their metabolites. Significant increases in packed cell volume, hemoglobin, inorganic phosphate, creatine phosphokinase, conjugated bilirubin, sodium, glucose, cholesterol, and aspartate transaminase were recorded. The following serum components were significantly decreased after boron dosing: alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, glutamyltransferase and potassium. There was evidence of a stimulatory effect on both serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons as reflected in elevated CSF monoamine metabolites. Aberrations in clinical behavior, including seizure-like activity, also suggested a central nervous system effect of inorganic boron.
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PMID:Experimental acute inorganic boron toxicosis in the goat: effects on serum chemistry and CSF biogenic amines. 216 93

A case of polymyositis associated with chronic active hepatitis was reported. A 53-year-old man, who had no previous history of blood transfusion nor hepatitis, noticed proximal dominant muscle weakness on January 29, 1985. He was admitted to Kyoto National Hospital on February 7, and laboratory studies disclosed the elevation of serum enzyme levels; creatine kinase (CK) 9845 IU/L (normal 54-263), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) 834 IU/L (9-31), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) 491 IU/L (4-34), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 2135 IU/L (248-464). Also serum gamma globulin was high (1.8 g/dl) and LE-like cell was found. The diagnosis of polymyositis was made and prednisolone therapy (60 mg/day) was started on February 23. The elevated serum enzymes decreased gradually, but severe muscle weakness persisted for about one month. On April 3, he was admitted to our hospital. Physical examination revealed moderate proximal dominant muscle weakness without skin eruption, jaundice or hepatosplenomegaly. The serum enzymes were still high; CK 1826, GOT 173, GPT 232 (GOT less than GPT), LDH 1548. However, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin were normal. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was not detected. Antinuclear antibody was positive. The electromyogram study showed myopathic change, and the muscle biopsy demonstrated myopathic change and cell infiltration, compatible with polymyositis. These results suggested liver dysfunction associated with polymyositis. Prednisolone therapy was continued and muscle weakness decreased. From December, 1985, serum enzymes (CK, GOT, GPT, LDH) elevated again and muscle weakness also slightly increased. Anti-smooth muscle antibody was positive. It was suggested that both polymyositis and liver dysfunction deteriorated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of polymyositis associated with chronic active hepatitis]. 218 64

Many human cancer cell lines which have been maintained in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented medium produce and secrete many substances such as transferrin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, creatine kinase, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen 19/9, and cytokines including colony-stimulating factors and transforming growth factor, and further they may produce small amounts of unknown substances. Usually, small amounts of substances have to be concentrated as highly as possible for detection, but FBS interferes with this procedure. A protein-free culture system is an ideal method for detecting small quantities of substances which originate from cancer cells without interference by FBS. However, we were concerned that protein-free culture may interrupt the production of the substances which have been produced in FBS-supplemented medium. In this study, we investigated the productibility of 46 kinds of well-known substances in ten newly established cell lines derived from human pancreatic cancer. These cell lines were propagated in a protein-free non-FBS-supplemented medium. Of the ten cases, one cell line alone that was derived from acinal cell carcinoma propagated as a semisuspension; on the other hand, nine cell lines that were derived from ductal cell carcinoma propagated as monolayers without piling up. This method prolongs the doubling time, which is not affected by the addition of FBS. The spent media of these cell lines were collected aseptically after the removal of cell debris and concentrated by ultrafiltration using a Pericon cassette followed by lyophilization. Using 46 kinds of available antibodies, we investigated whether or not the substances which react to these antibodies could be detected in the spent media and in the cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. Among these cell lines, HPC-Y11 produced and secreted the most kinds of substances, and the production of those substances was lowest in HPC-Y0. In conclusion, our protein-free culture system can be available in every laboratory, since this is not only an economical method, but also an effective method for the saving of purification procedures. Moreover, this is a most suitable method for surveying unknown substances derived from cancer cell lines.
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PMID:Characterization of new human pancreatic cancer cell lines which propagate in a protein-free chemically defined medium. 220 67

The systemic administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can lead to significant antitumor responses in some patients with metastatic cancer in whom standard therapy has failed. A limitation of this immunotherapy is the toxicity associated with IL-2 infusion. To assess toxicity, we determined aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2), lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1), creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2), total bilirubin (TBI), direct bilirubin (DBI), creatinine, urea nitrogen, and C-reactive protein in serum from 21 patients before and during five consecutive days of IL-2 treatment. Ten patients were followed for an additional five days after the end of IL-2 therapy. The IL-2 infusion caused liver toxicity and prerenal azotemia, as evidenced by significant increases (P less than 0.05) of all analytes except CK by day 1. There was a progressive increase in the results (except CK) for these tests until IL-2 treatment was stopped. Seven tests related to liver function (AST, ALT, GGT, LD, ALP, DBI, and TBI) showed increases, but the test results indicated significant improvement and moved toward the baseline value five days after the end of IL-2 therapy. Concentrations of creatinine and urea nitrogen in serum were normal three days after the cessation of IL-2 therapy.
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PMID:Changes in laboratory results for cancer patients treated with interleukin-2. 231 Dec 9

We studied a 67-year-old female suffered from polymyositis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. She was pointed out liver dysfunction by screening test. Alkaline phosphatase, transaminase, and IgM were increased. Antimitochondrial antibody and antinuclear antibody were positive. Liver biopsy showed cell infiltrations in Glisson's capsules and destruction of cholangioles, being diagnosed as primary biliary cirrhosis (Scheuer Stage I). Four years later she showed a muscle weakness of four extremities and admitted to our department. Neurological examination revealed a severe weakness and atrophy of both proximal and distal muscles. Deep tendon reflex was decreased on four extremities. Laboratory examination showed a creatine kinase level of 312 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 238 IU/L, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase 140 IU/L, Igm 416 mg/dl, antimitochondrial antibody titer 1:320, and antinuclear antibody titer 1:320. Muscle biopsy findings were compatible with polymyositis. Electron microscopic examination disclosed diffuse increase of mitochondria in subsarcolemma and intermyofibrils. Until now eight cases with polymyositis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis have been reported, but electron microscopic examination of muscle has not been carried out. It is necessary to examine mitochondria of muscle and liver in patients with polymyositis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis for the elucidation of its etiology.
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PMID:[A case of polymyositis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis]. 233 27

In this two-step automated assay of the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), developed for the Abbott "IMx" immunoassay analyzer, monoclonal anti-CK-MB antibody immobilized onto latex microparticles and polyclonal anti-CK-MM antibody coupled to alkaline phosphatase are used. Within-run CVs ranged from 3.9% to 9.0%, between-run CVs from 0.0% to 5.6%, and the sensitivity was 0.2 microgram/L. Twenty-four results can be obtained in about 37 min. Analytical recovery of CK-MB added to human serum or plasma ranged from 89% to 109%. Icteric, lipemic, or hemolyzed samples did not interfere with CK-MB recovery. Cross-reactivity with CK-MM and CK-BB was 0.012% and 0.001%, respectively. The normal reference interval was 0-5 micrograms/L. IMx CK-MB results correlated well with CK-MB enzyme activity as determined by electrophoresis (n = 203; r = 0.97; slope = 0.90; y-intercept = -4.29) and with commercial immunoassays. We think that this assay will be useful for confirmation of acute myocardial infarction, both in critical-care units and in the clinical laboratory.
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PMID:Quantifying the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase with the Abbott "IMx" immunoassay analyzer. 240 43

Eleven potential biochemical markers were measured in serum from 33 patients with malignant and 13 with benign colorectal disease: four isoenzymes (creatine kinase-BB, homoarginine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase, salivary-type amylase, and macro-creatine kinase type 2), five specific proteins (ferritin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and ceruloplasmin), one oncofetal antigen (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA), and one hormone (beta human choriogonadotropin). The sensitivity of individual markers for the detection of early-stage malignancy (n = 11) ranged from 0% to 64% (CEA 18%); for late-stage colon malignancy (n = 12) from 8% to 83% (CEA 83%). Specificity in patients (n = 10) with benign intestinal disease ranged from 80% to 100% (CEA 100%). The five most-sensitive markers--C-reactive protein, alpha 1-glycoprotein, CEA, macrocreatine kinase type 2, and homoarginine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase--were selected for use as a "colon panel." In retrospective comparison, use of the colon panel instead of CEA alone increased sensitivity by 17% and 64% for late-and early-stage cancer, respectively; specificity, however, decreased by 30%, but should improve with serial testing.
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PMID:Multiple markers of malignancy in sera of patients with colorectal carcinoma: preliminary clinical studies. 241 37

The biological diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma in relation with benign prostatic hypertrophy is essentially realized by the evaluation of plasma PAP or medullar PAP, the increase of which rises to 70% of the cases. This evaluation contains also other biochemical markers such as CK-BB, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, LDH 5 or alkaline phosphatase. The elevation of urinary polyamines is also correlated with the evolution of carcinoma. Other markers have been recently described such as PSA, useful both by evaluation in serum and by its identification on biopsy in histopathology. This exploration could be completed by the evaluation of androgenic receptors and of circulating androgens.
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PMID:[Cancer of the prostate: the markers other than prostatic acid phosphatase]. 241

Serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes were determined electrophoretically, along with various other biochemical markers of malignancy, in 19 patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Mitochondrial CK appeared in 15 patients, the CK-BB isoenzyme in 6. As a result, CK activity not inhibited by anti-M-subunit antibodies, CK non-M, was above the reference value in altogether 17 patients. There was a cathodic shift among the LD isoenzymes, significantly more prominent with increasing total LD, and a positive correlation between elevations of CK non-M and LD-5, suggesting a relation to tumour burden for both. An LD 'flip' (LD-1 greater than LD-2) was present in 10/15 patients. The frequency of CK non-M elevations was similar to--but not quantitatively correlated with--elevations of prostatic acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Thus, changes in CK and LD patterns are frequent in patients with prostatic cancer and must be taken into consideration when acute cardiac symptoms are evaluated in such patients.
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PMID:Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in stage D prostatic carcinoma. 242 86


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