Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the intermediate-term effects of three consecutive evenings of moderate ethanol ingestion (0.75 g/kg body weight each evening) on activity values for alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in sera of nine apparently healthy young adults. We define "intermediate-term" effects as those occurring between 10 h and 100 h after completion of the ethanol consumption schedule. The most pronounced changes in enzyme activity for the group of volunteers were: gamma-glutamyltransferase, +25% at 60 h after ethanol ingestion; alanine aminotransferase, +12% at 60 h after ethanol; and aspartate aminotransferase,--12% at 60 h after ethanol. All three enzymes exhibited similar time courses, i.e., mean peak activity changes were observed at 60 h, and all three mean enzyme activity values returned to near baseline by 100 h. The possible explanations for the observed changes and the clinical significance are discussed.
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PMID:The effects of ethanol (0.75 g/kg body weight) on the activities of selected enzymes in sera of healthy young adults: 1. Intermediate-term effects. 1 40

Intensive care patients receiving prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) developed alterations of liver function tests, seen in the activity of certain serum enzymes. Hepatomegaly and jaundice sometimes appeared. The changes in chemical pathology were in serum transaminases activity (GOT, GPT, GDH); alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase as indices of cholestasis; lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, as enzymes related to energy metabolism; pseudocholinesterase, as a protein metabolism-related enzyme. The possible causes of these alterations in critically ill patients undergoing TPN are considered and a functional final metabolic interpretation is proposed.
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PMID:Metabolic changes during prolonged total parenteral nutrition in intensive care. 3 24

We have determined the distribution in cord blood from healthy newborns of six enzymes: creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The concentration of enzymes were determined according to the methods recommended by the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes. The distribution of isoenzymes and of enzymes in blood from women at delivery was investigated also. All distributions were positively skewed. The upper reference limits of cord blood exceeded those found in mother blood by a factor of eight for gamma-glutamyltransferase, and for lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase by a factor of two.
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PMID:Reference values for six enzymes in plasma from newborns and women at delivery. 4 84

Normal values for a number of blood components of grivet monkeys are reported. Haematological data and values for glucose, cholesterol and urea are similar to those of rhesus monkeys. Activities of alkaline phosphatase (1526 U/l), glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase (30.9 U/l), glutamine pyruvate transaminase (13.7 U/l), lactate dehydrogenase (629 U/l), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (175 U/l), creatine phosphokinase (227 U/l), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (38.7 U/l) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (14.2 U/l), and levels of lysozyme (178 mg/dl), zinc (162 microgram/dl), copper (81.3 microgram/dl) and iron (296.5 microgram/dl) have not previously been reported for this animal. Values for serum amino acids, proteins, electrolytes, triglycerides and creatinine are compared with those of other primates.
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PMID:Normal values for some whole blood and serum components of grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 11 24

Twelve pigs which averaged 13.7 kg were randomly allotted from litters to a corn-soybean meal grower diet containing 0, 20, or 200 ppm of polybrominated biphenyls (PPB). During a 16-week growth trial, average daily gain (kg), average daily feed (kg) and feed/gain for pigs on diets containing 0, 20, or 200 ppm of PBB, respectively, were 0.82, 2.45, 2.99; 0.67, 1.88, 2.79; 0.45, 1.23, 2.70. Mean daily gain differences between all lots were highly significant (p < 0.01). Blood from each pig was withdrawn biweekly through the first 8 weeks of the trial and at 4 week intervals thereafter. Hemoglobin and hematocrit differed significantly only at the 6 weeks bleeding, being reduced in pigs receiving 200 ppm of PBB. Erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity were not significantly influenced by level of dietary PBB. Serum lactic dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in control pigs than in either PBB supplemented lots at 16 weeks. There was no significant influence of PBB upon serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase or serum creatine phosphokinase. Based on these enzyme assays, PBB produced no evidence of significant necrosis of liver, myocardium, or skeletal muscle. There was no consistent effect of dietary PBB upon total serum protein concentration or electrophoretic profile. Pigs on either level of PBB did not have overt clinical signs of toxicity during the 16-week test period with the exception of a dermatosis on the ventral surface of two of the pigs receiving 200 ppm of PBB. There was a marked increase in liver weight of pigs receiving either level of dietary PBB. Heart, kidney, and adrenals of pigs receiving either level of dietary PBB were heavier as a percent of body weight than that of control pigs. Fat retention of PBB and urinary and fecal PBB excretion were significantly affected by dietary PBB level. Grossly, the glandular portion of the stomach appeared somewhat hyperplastic in pigs on 200 ppm of PBB. Two pigs which had received 200 ppm of PBB were placed on the control diet and over the next 14 weeks normal growth rate occurred. One of these pigs was killed and organ weights were normal. The other pig, a gilt, came into estrus. She was bred and conceived. At the end of gestation, four pigs were born. Three survived and grew normally; the one death at birth examined at gross necropsy did not reveal changes in organ size or other tissue alterations.
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PMID:Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) in the growing pig diet. 20 65

We used the previously described [Clin. Chem. 19, 1114 (1973)] and evaluated [Clin. Chem. 19, 1122 (1973)] computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing to select and perform tests of hepatic status, to aid the clinician in the diagnosis of liver disease. Results for total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase obtained from the continuous-flow analysis (SMA 12/60) admission screen were used by the instrument system to determine selectively the values for gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and total and direct bilirubin. Kit methods for the latter four tests were evaluated on the system; results were similar to manual procedures. A software, enzymatic ratemeter was found to be better than the previously described hardware ratemeter. The follow-up tests of serum prescribed by the system are compared to clinician-prescribed follow-up tests and discharge diagnoses. In 10 of 19 cases, the system and clinician ordered similar follow-up tests; in three cases follow-up differed, and in six cases, the system ordered follow-up tests and the clinician ordered none.
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PMID:Computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing III. Application to liver assessment. 34 61

In recent years the determination of serum enzyme activities has played an increasing role in clinical chemical diagnosis. Because the enzyme composition of single organs is qualitatively and, to a certain extent, quantitatively similar, the diagnostic value of enzyme activity determinations is often diminished. Each serum enzyme can be separated into isoenzymes which stem from different organs and make specific organ diagnoses possible. This separation is possible through chemico-physical and immunological methods. Electrophoretic, chromatographic and immunological methods for the determination of creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes the immunological method is superior to the electrophoretic method in precision and accuracy. Artefacts through storage do not occur in the immunological method. New aspects of the clinical value of the determination of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (AP, E.C. 3.1.3.1), creatine phosphokinase (CK, E.C. 2.7.3.2) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, E.C. 1.1.1.27) were studied in the following 8 patient groups: 1. The value of AP isoenzymes for determining liver damage due to chronic alcoholism. 2. The distribution of AP isoenzymes in dialysis patients with special regard to the intestinal isoenzyme. 3. The immunological demonstration of carcino-placental antigen of AP in tumours of the lung. 4. The demonstration of intestinal isoenzymes of AP in chylous effusions. 5. The profile of LDH isoenzymes in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in serum and in lung lavage-fluid. 6. The usefulness of CK-MB isoenzyme as proff of cardiotoxicity of pharmaceuticals. 7. The profile of CK isoenzymes in central and peripheral nervous system diseases, especially the appearance of CK-BB in serum and the behaviour of CK at the blood spinal fluid barrier. 8. The appearance of unusual isoenzyme patterns in newborn infants and in pregnant women in comparison with normal adults. The determination of isoenzymes is of great clinical importance, even if the total serum activity of the particular enzyme is not elevated.
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PMID:[Isoenzymes, methodology and clinical significance (author's transl)]. 36 34

1. The activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) was assayed in the serum of 102 patients, mostly with varying degrees of hepatic dysfunction. 2. DBH activity was not elevated in those with liver disorder and did not correlate with serum bilirubin, transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase or creatine phosphokinase. 3. It is concluded that the liver is not necessarily involved in the inactivation of DBH.
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PMID:Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in serum of patients with hepatic damage. 40 Oct 6

Antisera against purified human placental alkaline phosphatase (PAP) and crystallized creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme from human skeletal muscle (MM) were raised in rabbits. The PAP antiserum was shown by radial immunodiffusion not to react with purified alkaline phosphatases from human liver and intestine, nor with the alkaline phosphatase in sera from patients with osteoblastic bone disease. CK antiserum also demonstrated no cross-reaction and was precipitated quantitatively by its homologous antisera. A "rocket" electroimmunoassay for PAP and CK is described. The method is simple, reproducible and uses small volumes of antiserum. The isoenzyme patterns were compared with those developed by several electrophoretic methods. These techniques share with other immunoassay the advantages of specificity for the antigen and enhance the quantitation of isoenzyme assays.
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PMID:Immunoassay of enzymes. 40 31

Low turbidity, "clear" enzyme controls commercially produced in three concentrations and conventional human lyophilized control sera, which are more turbid, were evaluated to determine which was superior for quality control purposes. Criteria used to evaluate the controls were: 1) turbidity measurement, 2) daily assays for 30 days to estimate day-to-day precision, and 3) stability of the enzyme assay value for these controls when they were reconstituted and frozen for 0 to 30 days and 0 to 10 days with three aliquots separately prepared and frozen for 0 to 10 days for a total of 30 days. The controls were analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and alkaline phosphatase activities with the Perkin-Elmer KA 150 enzyme analyzer.
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PMID:The use of "clear" enzyme control materials. 42 91


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