Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The isozyme patterns and activities of six enzymes were determined in surgical biopsy samples of lung tumors and non-neoplastic pulmonary areas. Fetal lungs were also examined. No tissue differences were found in the isozyme pattern of hexokinase or alkaline phosphatase; small differences in pyruvate kinase isozyme proportions were observed. The tumors exhibited significant deviations with respect to the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isozyme patterns. Despite the diversity of cell types, the proportions of the M-subunit of LDH in each tumor and that of the mitochondrial isozyme of MDH in all but one tumor were higher than in control samples from the same lung. In contrast, the normal fetal lung showed a higher LDH-H proportion than did adult lung and a mature MDH isozyme pattern. The alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and adenylate kinase activities of the tumors were about one-tenth and one-fourth, respectively, of those of nonneoplastic adult lung. These lower activities (evident also in normal fetal lung) were accompanied by 3- to 5-fold increases in the LDH, MDH, pyruvate kinase, and hexokinase activities of the tumors; fetal lungs had lesser increases (2- to 3-fold) for the first 3 enzymes. The common features of tumors with different cell types and histological grade identified here point to several enzymes the quantitation or isozyme analysis of which may be of practical use in distinguishing cancerous from nonneoplastic human lung samples. A combination of different indicators, such as opposite changes in LDH and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity, coupled with elevated proportions of LDH-M, may be used to diagnose neoplasia most reliably.
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PMID:Enzyme activities and isozyme patterns in human lung tumors. 669 92

Dose-dependent increases in alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities, decreases in myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophils and depression of lymphocyte glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were discovered in rat nephropathy induced by mercuric chloride at doses of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg. These changes manifest the intensity of the oxidation-reduction process, the reduction of Kreb's cycle and alpha-glycerophosphatic shunt, the damage by peroxidation and the increase in catabolic processes. The morphometric data of nephron structure reflected the functional cell stress and they were compared with leucocyte enzyme status changes.
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PMID:Some aspects of testing drugs for nephrotoxicity in rats. 677 35

The ugp-dependent transport system for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate has been characterized. The system is induced under conditions of phosphate starvation and in mutants that are constitutive for the pho regulon. The system does not operate in membrane vesicles and is highly sensitive toward osmotic shock. The participation of a periplasmic binding protein in the transport process can be deduced from the isolation of transport mutants that lack the binding protein. As with other binding protein-dependent transport systems, this protein appears to be necessary but not sufficient for transport activity. The isolation of mutants has become possible by selection for resistance against the toxic analog 3,4-dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate that is transported by the system. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate transported via ugp cannot be used as the sole carbon source. Strains have been constructed that lack alkaline phosphatase and glycerol kinase. In addition, they are constitutive for the glp regulon and contain high levels of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Despite the fact that these strains exhibit high ugp-dependent transport activity for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate they are unable to grow on it as a sole source of carbon. However, when cells are grown on an alternate carbon source, (14)C label from [(14)C]sn-glycerol-3-phosphate appears in phospholipids as well as in trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material. The incorporation of (14)C label is strongly reduced when sn-glycerol-3-phosphate is the only carbon source. In the presence of an alternate carbon source, this inhibition is relieved, and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transported by ugp can be used as the sole source of phosphate.
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PMID:Characteristics of a binding protein-dependent transport system for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate in Escherichia coli that is part of the pho regulon. 704 85

The early effects of lithium on the kidney were studied in rats receiving a moderate daily dose (serum-Li: 0.5 to 0.8 mM per liter) for 3, 7, and 21 days. Enzyme histochemical reactions for acid and alkaline phosphatase, glucose 6-phosphatase, succinate and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and NADH tetrazolium reductase revealed changes confined to distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. The distal convoluted were unchanged at 3 days of treatment. At 7 days, a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase and NADH tetrazolium reductase and an increase in alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were noted. These changes were more conspicuous at 21 days and accompanied by tubular dilation and changes in light microscopic cellular morphology. In the collecting ducts, a cell enlargement and an increase in mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activities began to appear at 3 days, becoming more pronounced at 7 and particularly at 21 days. At 7 and even more at 21 days, a cellular hyperplasia was evident in the collecting ducts, and autoradiography after 3H-thymidine incorporation showed a marked increase in DNA synthesis in the collecting duct cells. The changes observed in the collecting ducts were most pronounced near the limit between the outer and the inner zone of the medulla. In conclusion, the rats developed morphologic changes at 3 to 7 days of treatment. The changes include (1) signs of cellular damage in the distal convoluted tubules and (2) hyperplasia and signs of increased functional activity in the collecting ducts.
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PMID:Early changes in renal distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of lithium-treated rats: light microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and 3H-thymidine autoradiography. 706 26

A novel tissue engineering for bone formation has been proposed, to make osteoblast differentiation balanced by transfecting the mesenchymal stem cells with a gene encoding human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2) under the control of adipocyte specific lipoprotein lipase (LPL) promoter. Due to the promoter specificity, the initiation of BMP transcription is dependent on adipogenesis. For 14-day culture in the presence of ascorbic acid (asc) and beta-glycerophosphate (gly), nontransfected mouse embryonic fibroblast C3H10T1/2 (10T1/2) cells showed extensive accumulation of lipid droplets and adipocyte specific enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) mRNA expression, but exhibited neither BMP-2 expression, high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity which reflects osteoblast phenotype. On the other hand, transfected 10T1/2 cells showed hBMP-2 expression, high ALP activity and low level of G3PDH. mRNA expression accompanied with minimal lipid droplets. These results indicate that 10T1/2 cells are proved to be differentiated with maintaining coordinated balance of adipogenesis and osteogenesis, when they are transfected by the gene encoding hBMP-2 under the control of LPL promoter.
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PMID:Osteogenesis coordinated in C3H10T1/2 cells by adipogenesis-dependent BMP-2 expression system. 1094 Nov 96


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